Food, Acid Supplementation and Drug Absorption - a Complicated Gastric Mix: a Randomized Control Trial.

PURPOSE:The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of food on gastric pH and the ability of over the counter betaine hydrochloride (BHCl) acid to reacidify gastric pH after food-induced elevations in gastric pH. METHODS:This open-label cross over clinical study (NCT02758015) included 9 subjects who were randomly assigned to one of 16 possible, 4-period cross-over sequences to determine the impact and relationship of food and gastric pH with acid supplementation. Subjects were administered various doses (1500 mg, 3000 mg and 4500 mg) of betaine hydrochloride (BHCl) to determine the ability of acid supplementation to reacidify gastric pH after the elevation of gastric pH caused by the ingestion of food. RESULTS:Following the administration of food and the resulting elevation in gastric pH, time to return to baseline gastric pH levels without acid supplementation was 49.7 ± 14.0 min. Administering 4500 mg of BHCl acid in capsules was able to reacidify gastric pH levels back to baseline following the administration of food in approximately 17.3 ± 5.9 min. AUCpH of each treatment were similar and not statistically different. Mean max pH following the administration of food was 3.20 ± 0.55. CONCLUSION:The ability of food to elevate and maintain gastric pH levels in the presence of acid supplementation was made evident throughout the study. A 4500 mg dose of BHCl was required to reacidify gastric pH after the administration of food. This study details the difficulty faced by clinicians in dosing a poorly soluble, weakly basic drug to patients receiving acid reducing agents where administration with food is recommended to avoid gastric side effects. TRIAL REGISTRATION:https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02758015

Multiple Components in Narrow Planetary Rings

The phase-space volume of regions of regular or trapped motion, for bounded or scattering systems with two degrees of freedom respectively, displays universal properties. In particular, drastic reductions in the volume (gaps) are observed at specific values of a control parameter. Using the stability resonances we show that they, and not the mean-motion resonances, account for the position of these gaps. For more degrees of freedom, exciting these resonances divides the regions of trapped motion. For planetary rings, we demonstrate that this mechanism yields rings with multiple components.Comment: 4 pages, 7 figures (some in colors

Civilian Oversight of Police Through the Lens of Polarities of Democracy

Following the murder of George Floyd, the U.S. Congress called upon the National Organization for Black Law Enforcement Executives (NOBLE) to play a role in the reimagining of policing in America, including a transformation of policing from a warrior to a guardian mentality. In turn, NOBLE partnered with the Institute for Polarities of Democracy (the Institute) to conduct an analysis of the 21st Century Policing Report (the Report), which focused on addressing a myriad of issues that challenged the relationship between the police and communities. The Report determined there were six “pillars” necessary for effective policing in America, including (1) Trust and Legitimacy; (2) Policy and Oversight; (3) Technology and Social Media; (4) Community Policing and Crime Reduction; (5) Training and Education; and (6) Officer Wellness and Safety that encapsulated areas in need of attention. This review was an in-depth analysis conducted with support from the Walden University Center for Social Change through its strategic alliance with the Institute. In this article, we summarize the results of the Institute\u27s initial review of Pillar Two of the Report, Policy and Oversight, with a specific focus on civilian oversight of police. Information to support this article was taken from original data that supported the compilation of the Report. The Institute’s analysis of a sampling of responses (from the participants against a survey question) was identified as correlating with polarities of democracy values. Additionally, a separate comprehensive critical analysis was conducted by comparing various principles believed necessary for effective civilian oversight of police against individual polarities of democracies value sets. Finally, the 5-Step SMALL Process (Seeing, Mapping, Assessing, Learning, and Leveraging) was identified as a tool that could be used to implement recommendations contained in the Report. From this tool, Polarity Maps for Justice and Due Process, as well as Participation and Representation, were developed to graphically depict the correlation of the polarities of democracy value sets with the preconditions for effective civilian oversight of police

Meeting the Expectations of Your Heritage Culture: Links between Attachment Style, Intragroup Marginalisation, and Psychological Adjustment

This article has been made available through the Brunel Open Access Publishing Fund.This article has been made available through the Brunel Open Access Publishing Fund.Do insecurely-attached individuals perceive greater rejection from their heritage culture? Few studies have examined the antecedents and outcomes of this perceived rejection – termed intragroup marginalisation – in spite of its implications for the adjustment of cultural migrants to the mainstream culture. The present study investigated whether anxious and avoidant attachment orientations among cultural migrants were associated with greater intragroup marginalisation and, in turn, with lower subjective well-being and flourishing, and higher acculturative stress. Anxious attachment was associated with heightened intragroup marginalisation from friends and, in turn, with increased acculturative stress; anxious attachment was also associated with increased intragroup marginalisation from family. Avoidant attachment was linked with increased intragroup marginalisation from family and, in turn, with decreased subjective well-being

Fluctuations of wave functions about their classical average

Quantum-classical correspondence for the average shape of eigenfunctions and the local spectral density of states are well-known facts. In this paper, the fluctuations that quantum mechanical wave functions present around the classical value are discussed. A simple random matrix model leads to a Gaussian distribution of the amplitudes. We compare this prediction with numerical calculations in chaotic models of coupled quartic oscillators. The expectation is broadly confirmed, but deviations due to scars are observed.Comment: 9 pages, 6 figures. Sent to J. Phys.

Time-resolved broadband analysis of slow-light propagation and superluminal transmission of electromagnetic waves in three-dimensional photonic crystals

A time-resolved analysis of the amplitude and phase of THz pulses propagating through three-dimensional photonic crystals is presented. Single-cycle pulses of THz radiation allow measurements over a wide frequency range, spanning more than an octave below, at and above the bandgap of strongly dispersive photonic crystals. Transmission data provide evidence for slow group velocities at the photonic band edges and for superluminal transmission at frequencies in the gap. Our experimental results are in good agreement with finite-difference-time-domain simulations.Comment: 7 pages, 11 figure

De problematiek van de kasgrondteelten: Mogelijke oplossingen aangedragen door ondernemers met substraatbedden in het bijzonder

De kasgrond glastuinbouw ziet zich geconfronteerd met stijgende kosten en een afname van de hoeveelheid toegelaten gewasbeschermingsmiddelen. Het middelenpakket tegen schadelijke bodemschimmels en aaltjes wordt mogelijk verkleind (Spruit e.a. 2008). Op dit moment is grondstomen nog een optie, maar door de sterk toenemende energie- en arbeidskosten wordt grondstomen steeds duurder. In voorgaande gesprekken met ondernemers en betrokkenen blijkt dat een teeltsysteem dat relatief goedkoop, en gemakkelijk in de praktijk is in te passen, de voorkeur heeft. Doelstelling van dit project is daarom het in kaart brengen van problemen met mogelijke oplossingen ten aanzien van bodemproblematiek in kasgrondteelten

Review of the k-Body Embedded Ensembles of Gaussian Random Matrices

The embedded ensembles were introduced by Mon and French as physically more plausible stochastic models of many--body systems governed by one--and two--body interactions than provided by standard random--matrix theory. We review several approaches aimed at determining the spectral density, the spectral fluctuation properties, and the ergodic properties of these ensembles: moments methods, numerical simulations, the replica trick, the eigenvector decomposition of the matrix of second moments and supersymmetry, the binary correlation approximation, and the study of correlations between matrix elements.Comment: Final version. 29 pages, 4 ps figures, uses iopart.st

Biculturalism unpacked: Components, measurement, individual differences, and outcomes

Abstract Cultural contact due to migration, globalization, travel, and the resulting cultural diversity, has led to growing numbers of bicultural individuals, which demands further research on this group. In this article, we introduce the concept of biculturalism and provide the foundation necessary for understanding literature on this topic, beginning research in this area, and recognizing biculturalism in everyday life. In unpacking the construct of biculturalism, we first define it along with its components and related constructs (e.g. acculturation strategies). Second, we compare and discuss various ways of measuring biculturalism (e.g. unidimensional versus bidimensional models). Third, we organize and summarize the limited literature on individual differences in bicultural identity, focusing on the construct of Bicultural Identity Integration (Benet-Martínez & Haritatos, 2005). Lastly, we review the possible outcomes resulting from biculturalism