1,707 research outputs found
Hypothesis testing near singularities and boundaries
The likelihood ratio statistic, with its asymptotic distribution at
regular model points, is often used for hypothesis testing. At model
singularities and boundaries, however, the asymptotic distribution may not be
, as highlighted by recent work of Drton. Indeed, poor behavior of a
for testing near singularities and boundaries is apparent in
simulations, and can lead to conservative or anti-conservative tests. Here we
develop a new distribution designed for use in hypothesis testing near
singularities and boundaries, which asymptotically agrees with that of the
likelihood ratio statistic. For two example trinomial models, arising in the
context of inference of evolutionary trees, we show the new distributions
outperform a .Comment: 32 pages, 12 figure
Perturbation of matrices and non-negative rank with a view toward statistical models
In this paper we study how perturbing a matrix changes its non-negative rank.
We prove that the non-negative rank is upper-semicontinuos and we describe some
special families of perturbations. We show how our results relate to Statistics
in terms of the study of Maximum Likelihood Estimation for mixture models.Comment: 13 pages, 3 figures. A theorem has been rewritten, and some
improvements in the presentations have been implemente
Tensor Rank, Invariants, Inequalities, and Applications
Though algebraic geometry over is often used to describe the
closure of the tensors of a given size and complex rank, this variety includes
tensors of both smaller and larger rank. Here we focus on the tensors of rank over , which has as a dense subset the orbit
of a single tensor under a natural group action. We construct polynomial
invariants under this group action whose non-vanishing distinguishes this orbit
from points only in its closure. Together with an explicit subset of the
defining polynomials of the variety, this gives a semialgebraic description of
the tensors of rank and multilinear rank . The polynomials we
construct coincide with Cayley's hyperdeterminant in the case , and thus
generalize it. Though our construction is direct and explicit, we also recast
our functions in the language of representation theory for additional insights.
We give three applications in different directions: First, we develop basic
topological understanding of how the real tensors of complex rank and
multilinear rank form a collection of path-connected subsets, one of
which contains tensors of real rank . Second, we use the invariants to
develop a semialgebraic description of the set of probability distributions
that can arise from a simple stochastic model with a hidden variable, a model
that is important in phylogenetics and other fields. Third, we construct simple
examples of tensors of rank which lie in the closure of those of rank
.Comment: 31 pages, 1 figur
Last Year\u27s Choice Is This Year\u27s Voice: Valuing Democratic Practices in the Classroom through Student-Selected Literature
The authors of this article explore democratic practices in the classroom by using student-selected literature. After multiple class sets of student-selected young adult novels were purchased using grant money, the authors set out to see what happens in a classroom when student choice is at the forefront of pedagogical decision-making and how students resonated with and voiced their experiences reading about those chosen novels. Because canonical texts are often used to help students understand allusions in contemporary texts, one adolescent novel and one canonical novel became the focal points for this project. With democratic practices undergirding this project, the authors argue that using student-selected literature, both adolescent and canonical, encourages agency, invites healthy inquiry, and develops reflective practices and empathy in adolescent readers
³¹P Saturation Transfer and Phosphocreatine Imaging in the Monkey Brain
³¹P magnetic resonance imaging with chemical-shift discrimination by selective excitation has been employed to determine the phosphocreatine (PCr) distribution in the brains of three juvenile macaque monkeys. PCr images were also obtained while saturating the resonance of the {gamma}-phosphate of ATP, which allowed the investigation of the chemical exchange between PCr and the {gamma}-phosphate of ATP catalyzed by creatine kinase. Superposition of the PCr images over the proton image of the same monkey brain revealed topological variations in the distribution of PCr and creatine kinase activity. PCr images were also obtained with and without visual stimulation. In two out of four experiments, an apparently localized decrease in PCr concentration was noted in visual cortex upon visual stimulation. This result is interpreted in terms of a possible role for the local ADP concentration in stimulating the accompanying metabolic response
The Interference Term in the Wigner Distribution Function and the Aharonov-Bohm Effect
A phase space representation of the Aharonov-Bohm effect is presented. It
shows that the shift of interference fringes is associated to the interference
term of the Wigner distribution function of the total wavefunction, whereas the
interference pattern is defined by the common projections of the Wigner
distribution functions of the interfering beamsComment: 10 pages, 4 figure
Adventures in Invariant Theory
We provide an introduction to enumerating and constructing invariants of
group representations via character methods. The problem is contextualised via
two case studies arising from our recent work: entanglement measures, for
characterising the structure of state spaces for composite quantum systems; and
Markov invariants, a robust alternative to parameter-estimation intensive
methods of statistical inference in molecular phylogenetics.Comment: 12 pp, includes supplementary discussion of example
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