3,398 research outputs found
Splitting electrons into quasiparticles with fractional edge-state Mach-Zehnder interferometer
We have studied theoretically the tunneling between two edges of Quantum Hall
liquids (QHL) of different filling factors, , with
, through two separate point contacts in the geometry of
Mach-Zehnder interferometer [Y. Ji et al., Nature {\bf 422}, 415 (2003); I.
Neder et al., Phys.\ Rev.\ Lett. {\bf 96}, 016804 (2006)]. The quasi-particle
formulation of the interferometer model is derived as a dual to the initial
electron model, in the limit of strong electron tunneling reached at large
voltages or temperatures. For , the tunneling of
quasiparticles of fractional charge leads to non-trivial -state
dynamics of effective flux through the interferometer, which restores the
regular "electron" periodicity of the current in flux despite the fractional
charge and statistics of quasiparticles. The exact solution available for equal
times of propagation between the contacts along the two edges demonstrates that
the interference pattern of modulation of the tunneling current by flux depends
on voltage and temperature only through a common amplitude.Comment: fourteen two-column pages in RevTex4, 4 eps figure, extended final
verson as appeared in PR
On non-abelian homomorphic public-key cryptosystems
An important problem of modern cryptography concerns secret public-key
computations in algebraic structures. We construct homomorphic cryptosystems
being (secret) epimorphisms f:G --> H, where G, H are (publically known) groups
and H is finite. A letter of a message to be encrypted is an element h element
of H, while its encryption g element of G is such that f(g)=h. A homomorphic
cryptosystem allows one to perform computations (operating in a group G) with
encrypted information (without knowing the original message over H).
In this paper certain homomorphic cryptosystems are constructed for the first
time for non-abelian groups H (earlier, homomorphic cryptosystems were known
only in the Abelian case). In fact, we present such a system for any solvable
(fixed) group H.Comment: 15 pages, LaTe
Coulomb drag between one-dimensional conductors
We have analyzed Coulomb drag between currents of interacting electrons in
two parallel one-dimensional conductors of finite length attached to
external reservoirs. For strong coupling, the relative fluctuations of electron
density in the conductors acquire energy gap . At energies larger than
, where
is the impurity scattering rate, and for , where is the
fluctuation velocity, the gap leads to an ``ideal'' drag with almost equal
currents in the conductors. At low energies the drag is suppressed by coherent
instanton tunneling, and the zero-temperature transconductance vanishes,
indicating the Fermi liquid behavior.Comment: 5 twocolumn pages in RevTex, added 1 eps-Figure and calculation of
trans-resistanc
Strong-coupling branching of FQHL edges
We have developed a theory of quasiparticle backscattering in a system of
point contacts formed between single-mode edges of several Fractional Quantum
Hall Liquids (FQHLs) with in general different filling factors and one
common single-mode edge of another FQHL. In the strong-tunneling limit,
the model of quasiparticle backscattering is obtained by the duality
transformation of the electron tunneling model. The new physics introduced by
the multi-point-contact geometry of the system is coherent splitting of
backscattered quasiparticles at the point contacts in the course of propagation
along the common edge . The ``branching ratios'' characterizing the
splitting determine the charge and exchange statistics of the edge
quasiparticles that can be different from those of Laughlin's quasiparticles in
the bulk of FQHLs. Accounting for the edge statistics is essential for the
system of more than one point contact and requires the proper description of
the flux attachement to tunneling electrons.Comment: 12 pages, 2 figure
Quantum critical behaviour of the plateau-insulator transition in the quantum Hall regime
High-field magnetotransport experiments provide an excellent tool to
investigate the plateau-insulator phase transition in the integral quantum Hall
effect. Here we review recent low-temperature high-field magnetotransport
studies carried out on several InGaAs/InP heterostructures and an InGaAs/GaAs
quantum well. We find that the longitudinal resistivity near the
critical filling factor ~ 0.5 follows the universal scaling law
, where . The critical exponent equals ,
which indicates that the plateau-insulator transition falls in a non-Fermi
liquid universality class.Comment: 8 pages, accepted for publication in Proceedings of the Yamada
Conference LX on Research in High Magnetic Fields (August 16-19, 2006,
Sendai
Threshold features in transport through a 1D constriction
Suppression of electron current through a 1D channel of length
connecting two Fermi liquid reservoirs is studied taking into account the
Umklapp electron-electron interaction induced by a periodic potential. This
interaction causes Hubbard gaps for . In the perturbative
regime where ( charge velocity), and for small deviations
of the electron density from its commensurate values
can diverge with some exponent as voltage or temperature decreases above
, while it goes to zero below . This results
in a nonmonotonous behavior of the conductance.Comment: Final variant published in PRL, 79, 1714; minor correction
Fractional charge in transport through a 1D correlated insulator of finite length
Transport through a one channel wire of length confined between two leads
is examined when the 1D electron system has an energy gap : induced by the interaction in charge mode (: charge velocity in the
wire). In spinless case the transformation of the leads electrons into the
charge density wave solitons of fractional charge entails a non-trivial low
energy crossover from the Fermi liquid behavior below the crossover energy to the insulator one with the
fractional charge in current vs. voltage, conductance vs. temperature, and in
shot noise. Similar behavior is predicted for the Mott insulator of filling
factor .Comment: 5 twocolumn pages in RevTex, no figure
Conductance of a Mott Quantum Wire
We consider transport through a one-dimensional conductor subject to an
external periodic potential and connected to non-interacting leads (a "Mott
quantum wire"). For the case of a strong periodic potential, the conductance is
shown to jump from zero, for the chemical potential lying within the
Mott-Hubbard gap, to the non-interacting value of 2e^2/h, as soon as the
chemical potential crosses the gap edge. This behavior is strikingly different
from that of an optical conductivity, which varies continuously with the
carrier concentration. For the case of a weak potential, the perturbative
correction to the conductance due to Umklapp scattering is absent away from
half-filling.Comment: 4 pages, RevTex, 1 ps figure included; published versio
Current noise spectrum in a solvable model of tunneling Fermi-edge singularity
We consider tunneling of spinless electrons from a single-channel emitter into an empty collector through an interacting resonant level of the quantum dot (QD). When all Coulomb screening of sudden charge variations of the dot during the tunneling is realized by the emitter channel, the system is mapped onto an exactly solvable model of a dissipative qubit. The qubit density matrix evolution is described with a generalized Bloch equation which permits us to count the tunneling electrons and find the charge transfer statistics. The two generating functions of the counting statistics of the charge transferred during the QD evolutions from its stationary and empty state have been expressed through each other. It is used to calculate the spectrum of the steady current noise and to demonstrate the occurrence of the bifurcation of its single zero-frequency minimum into two finite-frequency dips due to the qubit coherent dynamics
Detecting synchronization of self-sustained oscillators by external driving with varying frequency
We propose a method for detecting the presence of synchronization of
self-sustained oscillator by external driving with linearly varying frequency.
The method is based on a continuous wavelet transform of the signals of
self-sustained oscillator and external force and allows one to distinguish the
case of true synchronization from the case of spurious synchronization caused
by linear mixing of the signals. We apply the method to driven van der Pol
oscillator and to experimental data of human heart rate variability and
respiration.Comment: 9 pages, 7 figure
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