Serum Uric Acid in Early Pregnancy a marker for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

AIM OF THE STUDY: To correlate between first trimester uric acid level and its association with subsequent development of gestational diabetes mellitus. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a prospective study conducted at Govt. Raja Mirasudar Hospital attached to Thanjavur Medical College, Thanjavur. The study was conducted over a period of one year from September 2015. A total of one hundred and eighty seven ante natal women less than 14 weeks of gestational age who attended the outpatient antenatal department were included in this study. Serum uric acid estimation done in women with <14 weeks and they were followed up around 26 to 28 weeks then GDM diagnosis made by doing OGTT with 75 gms glucose according to IADPSG criteria. RESULTS: In our study among 178 antenatal pregnant women 2 patients developed GDM with serum uric acid 3.6 mg/dl. This shows development of GDM increases with increase in uric acid concentration. CONCLUSION: Though our study results suggest that serum uric acid level estimation in first trimester can be used as a marker to predict GDM in pregnant women, large scale studies are required before it can be recommended as a routine first trimester screening test for prediction of gestational diabetes mellitus. So that the dreadful complications of GDM can be avoided in future

Optimized Parameter of Wavelet Neural Network (WNN) using INGA

Genetic algorithm has been one of the most popular methods for many challenging optimization problems. It is a critical problem in which the evacuation time is an important issues. The continuous air traffic growth and limits of resources, there is a need for reducing the congestion of the airspace system. The main objective of this work is to automatically adapt the airspace configurations, according to the evolution of traffic Niche genetic algorithm(INGA) was used in reliability optimization of software system. And also the searching performance of the genetic algorithm was improved by the stochastic tournament model. The multi-module complex software system reliability allocation effectively. Genetic algorithm (GA) and FGA are compared though seven benchmark function. It can be applied to a wider range of problem including multi-level problem. The uniform schema crossover operator and the non-uniform mutation in the genetic algorithm

Prospective study of fetomaternal outcome in eclampsia in a tertiary care hospital

Background: Objective of the study was to evaluate fetomaternal outcome in patients with eclampsia.Methods: This prospective study was conducted in Government Thanjavur Medical College Hospital, Tamilnadu, India over a period of 15 months from January 2015 to March 2016 in all eclampsia cases. Total 146 eclampsia cases were admitted of which 113 were antepartum eclampsia, 4 were intrapartum eclampsia and 29 cases were postpartum eclampsia. In all cases of antepartum eclampsia pregnancy was terminated irrespective of gestational age.Results: This study showed that incidence of eclampsia in our hospital is 0.83%. It is more common in the age group of 20 to 25 years (78.8%) and primigravidae (69.2%). Maximum number of cases had seizures before the onset of labour (77.39%). 53.85% eclamptic cases presented with seizures at ≥37 completed weeks. Commonest mode of delivery was caesarean section (62.33%). Out of 146 patients, 9 (6.16%) cases died, 35 (23.97%) had complications. 75.64% cases delivered live babies but 26.36% had early neonatal death.Conclusions: Eclampsia is still one of the important and common obstetric emergencies, which has a significant role in maternal and perinatal outcome. Regular Antenatal Care (ANC), proper health education, improvements of socio-economic conditions and spreading of awareness in the community has major roles in prevention of eclampsia. Timely and appropriate intervention including primary management, early referral and judicious termination of pregnancy help in reducing morbidity and mortality of both mother and fetus

Effect of Dexamethasone Cyclophosphamide Pulse Therapy in Collagen Vascular Diseases

INTRODUCTION : Collagen vascular diseases like Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) and Systemic Sclerosis (SSc) are always a challenge to the treating dermatologists. Though complete cure remains an enigma, therapeutic advances have aimed at inducing quick remission and improving the quality of life of the patients. Pulse therapy is administration of single or multiple daily infusions of suprapharmacological doses of drugs to achieve a desired therapeutic effect. It is otherwise called as the “big shot". The history of pulse therapy began in 1969 when Kountz and Cohn introduced methylprednislone pulse therapy to prevent renal graft rejection. The monumental success of Dexamethasone Cyclophosphamide pulse therapy (DCP) in autoimmune bullous diseases (eg.Pemphigus) reported by Pasrischa et al., has prompted dermatologists to use DCP in collagen vascular diseases. Collagen vascular disorders are a group of diseases characterized by generalised alteration in connective tissue and have certain common features like autoimmunity, disordered cell mediated immunity, vascular abnormalities, arthralgia and skin disease. The diseases grouped under this category include lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis, localised and generalised morphoea, dermatomyositis, rheumatoid arthritis and Sjogren’s syndrome. AIMS & OBJECTIVES : To study the efficacy of Dexamethasone –Cyclophosphamide pulse therapy in collagen vascular disorders. 1. To evaluate the degree of clinical and serological remission in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Systemic Sclerosis. 2. To evaluate the duration required to induce clinical remission. 3. To evaluate side effects of pulse therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS : TYPE OF STUDY : This is a type of open labelled non randomised prospective therapeutic study. Here the patients act as their own control. SAMPLE SIZE : A sample size of 36 patients was selected. Out of these, 20 patients had systemic lupus erythematosus and the other 16 had Systemic Sclerosis. STUDY PLACE : This study was conducted at the Department of Dermatology, Stanley Medical College in association with other departments for evaluation of systemic involvement. STUDY PERIOD : The study was conducted over a period of 2 years from November 2009 to October 2011. PATIENT SELECTION CRITERIA : INCLUSION CRITERIA : 1. Systemic lupus erythematosus and systemic sclerosis patients diagnosed as per ARA criteria. 1. Age: 13 to 60 years. 2. Severe skin lesions not responding to high dose daily steroids 3. Presence of systemic involvement. EXCLUSION CRITERIA : 1. Pregnancy. 2. Lactating mothers. 3. Children <12 years. 4. Ischemic heart disease. 5. Uncontrolled hypertension. 6. Active infections except Minor upper respiratory tract infections, acute gastroenteritis and skin infections. CONCLUSION : The following are theconclusions derived from this study : • Dexamethasone cyclophosphamide pulse therapy is an effective therapeutic option for treatment of SLE and Scleroderma. • Rapid induction of and prolonged remission is achieved with pulse therapy. • Pulse therapy is safer than oral steroids with respect to decreased HPA axis suppression and decreased osteopenia. • Patient compliance is much better with pulse therapy because of the rapid induction of remission and relative absence of side effects. • Though the duration of phase I of pulse therapy is arbitrary depending upon the degree of remission achieved in individual patients, the mean duration required would be 9 pulses in SLE while in Scleroderma, a longer phase I of up to 12-15 months is required. • Unlike in bullous disorders where clinical signs of activity are clear, it is not so in collagen vascular disease. Hence an extended phase I and phase II should be given to attain remission. • The earlier the initiation of pulse therapy in scleroderma the better is the response. • Precipitation of scleroderma renal crisis was not observed in any of our patients and hence high dose corticosteroid pulse is safe in scleroderma provided blood pressure is maintained within normal limits by anti hypertensives. • Scope for future improvements in pulse therapy for collagen vascular disease is ample with respect to clear guidelines on the duration of therapy and the necessity of daily cyclophosphamide

Correlation between first trimester uric acid level and subsequent development of gestational diabetes mellitus

Background: The aim of the study was to correlate between first trimester uric acid level and its association with subsequent development of gestational diabetes mellitus.Methods: This is a prospective study conducted at Govt. Raja Mirasudar Hospital attached to Thanjavur Medical College, Thanjavur over a period of one year from September 2015. A total of one hundred and eighty seven ante natal women less than 14 weeks of gestational age who attended the outpatient antenatal department were included in this study. Serum uric acid estimation was done in women with 3.6 mg/dl and 2 with serum uric acid <3.6 mg/dl developed GDM. This shows development of GDM increases with increase in uric acid concentration.Conclusions: Though our study results suggest that serum uric acid level estimation in first trimester can be used as a marker to predict GDM in pregnant women, large scale studies are required before it can be recommended as a routine first trimester screening test for prediction of gestational diabetes mellitus

Cutaneous Manifestations of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.

INTRODUCTION : HIPPOCRATES, ROGERIUS, PARACELSUS, MANARDI, AMATUS LUSITANUS, SENNERT etc. are some of the early renowned Physicians who have described "LUPUS" which is derived from the Latin word which means "WOLF" depicting its nature of destruction. The ulcerated skin lesions typical of this disease signify this feature as it "bites, eats away and destroys". Lupus erythematosus (LE) was identified only as a cutaneous disease, until a century ago when emphasis was transferred from the integument to include visceral manifestations. At the beginning of this century blood vessels and connective tissues distributed throughout the body came to be implicated in the pathogenesis, which lead to the concept of "multisystem malady”. In 1942, KLEMPERER et al were struck by the many, morphological features that were common to diseases as distinct as Lupus erythematosus, Scleroderma, Dermatomyositis, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Acute Rheumatic Fever and Poly Arteritis Nodosa and classified them as "Collagen disease" or "Collagenosis". The discovery of auto antibodies to various cellular components of different tissue in these diseases has of late given place to the concept of "autoimmune diseases". AIM OF THE STUDY : 1. To study the incidence of SLE in Government General Hospital, Chennai during the period between August 2007 to September 2009. 2. To study the incidence of various cutaneous spectrum of SLE. 3. To study the age and sex incidence. 4. To study the commonest site of lesions in various spectrum. 5. To study the precipitating and exacerbating factors. 6. To study the various mucocutaneous presentations. 7. To study relevant laboratory abnormalities. 8. To study the associated disorders. 9. To study the histopathological features and Immunofluorescence pattern. CONCLUSIONS : * The incidence of SLE during the period of August 2007 to September 2008 is 0.08%. * ACLE is the commonest spectrum followed by CCLE and SCLE. * Commonest age group falls between 20 to 30 years. Youngest age documented was 15 years and oldest age was 50 years. * Female preponderance was seen in all types of spectrum. * Sunlight is the commonest among the precipitating and exacerbating factor followed by infections, physical/mental stress, drugs, pregnancy and menstruation. * Familial history of other associated autoimmune disease states that, genetic back ground is an important contributing factor. * Diffuse hair loss and photosensitivity are common among the cutaneous symptoms. Palatal ulcer is the most common mucosal symptoms and it is commonly associated with ACLE. Fever and arthralgia are the most common symptoms among the systemic symptoms

Prognóstico de exploração no Chat GPT com ética de inteligência artificial

Natural language processing innovations in the past few decades have made it feasible to synthesis and comprehend coherent text in a variety of ways, turning theoretical techniques into practical implementations. Both report summarizing software and sectors like content writers have been significantly impacted by the extensive Language-model. A huge language model, however, could show evidence of social prejudice, giving moral as well as environmental hazards from negligence, according to observations. Therefore, it is necessary to develop comprehensive guidelines for responsible LLM (Large Language Models). Despite the fact that numerous empirical investigations show that sophisticated large language models has very few ethical difficulties, there isn't a thorough investigation and consumers study of the legality of present large language model use. We use a qualitative study method on OpenAI's ChatGPT3 to solution-focus the real-world ethical risks in current large language models in order to further guide ongoing efforts on responsibly constructing ethical large language models. We carefully review ChatGPT3 from the four perspectives of bias and robustness. According to our stated opinions, we objectively benchmark ChatGPT3 on a number of sample datasets. In this work, it was found that a substantial fraction of principled problems are not solved by the current benchmarks; therefore new case examples were provided to support this. Additionally discussed were the importance of the findings regarding ChatGPT3's AI ethics, potential problems in the future, and helpful design considerations for big language models. This study may provide some guidance for future investigations into and mitigation of the ethical risks offered by technology in large Language Models applications.Las innovaciones en el procesamiento del lenguaje natural en las últimas décadas han hecho posible sintetizar y comprender textos coherentes en una variedad de formas, transformando las técnicas teóricas en implementaciones prácticas. Ambos informan que el software extenso y las industrias como la de los creadores de contenido se han visto significativamente afectadas por el modelo de lenguaje extensivo. Sin embargo, un modelo de lenguaje enorme podría mostrar evidencia de sesgo social, dando riesgos morales y ambientales por negligencia, según las observaciones. Por lo tanto, es necesario desarrollar lineamientos completos para los LLM (Modelos de Lenguaje Grandes) responsables. A pesar de que numerosas investigaciones empíricas muestran que los modelos sofisticados de lenguaje amplio tienen muy pocas dificultades éticas, no existe una investigación exhaustiva y un estudio del consumidor sobre la legalidad del uso actual de modelos de lenguaje amplio. Usamos un método de estudio cualitativo en ChatGPT3 de OpenAI para enfocarnos en resolver los riesgos éticos del mundo real en los modelos actuales de lenguaje amplio para guiar aún más los esfuerzos en curso en la construcción responsable de modelos éticos de lenguaje amplio. Analizamos cuidadosamente ChatGPT3 desde las cuatro perspectivas de sesgo y robustez. De acuerdo con nuestras opiniones expresadas, comparamos ChatGPT3 objetivamente en múltiples conjuntos de datos de muestra. En este trabajo se encontró que una fracción sustancial de los problemas de principios no son resueltos por los marcos actuales; por lo tanto, se han proporcionado nuevos ejemplos de casos para respaldar esto. Además, se discutió la importancia de los hallazgos sobre la ética de la IA de ChatGPT3, los problemas potenciales en el futuro y las consideraciones de diseño útiles para modelos de lenguaje grandes. Este estudio puede proporcionar algunas pautas para futuras investigaciones y mitigación de los riesgos éticos que ofrece la tecnología en grandes aplicaciones de Language Models.As inovações de processamento de linguagem natural nas últimas décadas tornaram possível sintetizar e compreender textos coerentes de várias maneiras, transformando técnicas teóricas em implementações práticas. Ambos relatam que softwares resumidos e setores como criadores de conteúdo foram significativamente afetados pelo extenso modelo de linguagem. Um enorme modelo de linguagem, no entanto, poderia mostrar evidências de preconceito social, dando riscos morais e ambientais por negligência, de acordo com as observações. Portanto, é necessário desenvolver diretrizes abrangentes para LLM (Large Language Models) responsáveis. Apesar do fato de numerosas investigações empíricas mostrarem que modelos sofisticados de linguagem ampla têm muito poucas dificuldades éticas, não há uma investigação completa e estudo de consumidores sobre a legalidade do uso atual de modelos de linguagem ampla. Usamos um método de estudo qualitativo no ChatGPT3 da OpenAI para focar na solução os riscos éticos do mundo real nos atuais modelos de linguagem ampla, a fim de orientar ainda mais os esforços contínuos na construção responsável de modelos éticos de linguagem ampla. Analisamos cuidadosamente o ChatGPT3 a partir das quatro perspectivas de viés e robustez. De acordo com nossas opiniões declaradas, comparamos objetivamente o ChatGPT3 em vários conjuntos de dados de amostra. Neste trabalho, constatou-se que uma fração substancial dos problemas de princípios não é resolvida pelos referenciais atuais; portanto, novos exemplos de casos foram fornecidos para apoiar isso. Além disso, foram discutidas a importância das descobertas sobre a ética de IA do ChatGPT3, possíveis problemas no futuro e considerações de design úteis para grandes modelos de linguagem. Este estudo pode fornecer algumas orientações para futuras investigações e mitigação dos riscos éticos oferecidos pela tecnologia em grandes aplicações de Modelos de Linguagem

AN ALTERNATIVE APPROACH ON BIOREMEDIATION OF HEAVY METALS IN TANNERY EFFLUENTS WASTE USING STREPTOMYCES SP.

  Objective: The present study is conducted to investigate the abilities of microorganisms to degrade heavy metals in industrial tannery effluent sample.Methods: Tannery effluent sample was collected from effluent treatment plant and analyzed for physicochemical parameters. The potential microbes were isolated and identified by morphological and biochemical characterization. The sample was analyzed before and after to assess the heavy metal reducing the ability of the microorganism and the respective percentage of reduction were studied using X-ray fluorescence spectrometry.Results: The samples were initially found to be highly contaminated with chromium, nickel, and cadmium. Out of three potential isolates, the isolate Streptomyces sp. was found to exhibit a better reduction against chromium (25.7%), cadmium (14.6%), and nickel (23.1%) in 50 ppm at longer incubation period. Comparatively, the reduction abilities of all the three isolates against all the three heavy metals increased with the increase in the incubation period but decreased with the increase in initial metal ion concentration except in the case of Streptomyces sp. against nickel where the reducing ability increased with the increase in metal concentration.Conclusion: Apparently, the present study revealed that Streptomyces sp. had a better remediation potential than the indigenous Pseudomonas sp. and Aspergillus sp. Ultimately, the finding of this research has shown that the Streptomyces sp. can be used as a potent bioremediation agent for treating tannery and industrial effluent in an eco-friendly process

Efficient Fine Grained Access Control with Semantic Keyword Search on Encrypted Cloud Storage

Using cloud computing, multi data owner can store their data on remote servers and allow data access to private users through the cloud servers.The cloud characteristics are on-demand self-service, location independent network access, ubiquitous network access and usage based pay. Due to this charming features private and public organization are outsourcing their large amount of data on cloud storage. First, we introduce in the cloud framework for multi data owners. Multi data owners upload the files in encrypted form using ECC algorithm. User can register the aadhar card number to the cloud multi data owner. The multi data owner can generate the two keys to allow access the data. User can request to multi data owner. Cloud data storage can provide the encrypted data. This encrypted data is strong protection for data backup and recovery purposes. There are two keys are used in the plaintext form to be converted in the cipher text form. Another key will generate and converted in the decrypt form using fuzzy method and semantic search. Finally user can retrieve the data from the server and access our data.The existing solutions supports only identical keyword search, semantic search is not supported. In the project we proposed semantic multi-keyword ranked search system with verifiable outsourced decryption. To improve search efficiency this system includes semantic search by using fuzzy search