The modern approach to manufacturing of carbon-rhenium nanocomposites

Purpose The aim of the paper is to present the high-temperature method of producing MWCNTs-Re nanocomposites, the selection of satisfactory production conditions and the presentation of the results of microscopic and spectroscopic studies of nanocomposites produced by this method. Design/methodology/approach Two methods of manufacturing carbon-rhenium nanocomposites were tested: ineffective chemical synthesis and high-temperature reduction using H2, which was proven successful and allowed the production of nanocomposites with the expected properties. The received nanocomposites were investigated using Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), as well as were subjected to spectroscopic examination. Findings The article presents three steps of MWCNTs-Re nanocomposites fabrication using the high-temperature method, functionalization, impregnation and reduction. As part of own work, satisfactory conditions for producing those nanocomposites using a materials science and heuristic analysis were selected. Research limitations/implications The proposed high-temperature method allows to join rhenium nanoparticles with MWCNTs permanently. It is reasonable to test in the future whether the method is also effective for other carbon nanomaterials and/or nanoparticles of other metals. Practical implications MWCNTs-Re nanocomposites can be used as sensors of gases that are harmful to the environment. It was also confirmed that the MWCNTs-Re_4 nanocomposite has catalytic properties. Originality/value The paper presents a modern approach to the manufacturing of MWCNTs-Re nanocomposites, which assumes the use of a high-temperature furnace to heat the material in a hydrogen atmosphere

Microscopic And Spectroscopic Research Of The MWCNTs-Re Nanocomposites

The combination of TEM research and Raman spectroscopy to characterization of MWNTs-Re nanocomposites gives a new notion about the structure and quality of materials obtained. TEM studies indicate that the functionalization method significantly influences the morphology of obtained MWCNTs-Re nanocomposites. Due to the specific spectrum recorded for the MWCNTs they can be distinguished from other forms of carbon, furthermore comparative analysis of the results at different stages of the manufacturing process confirms the covalent modification of the MWCNTs structure

Badania mikroskopowe i spektroskopowe nanokompozytów typu MWCNTs-Re

he combination of TEM research and Raman spectroscopy to characterization of MWNTs-Re nanocomposites gives a new notion about the structure and quality of materials obtained. TEM studies indicate that the functionalization method significantly influences the morphology of obtained MWCNTs-Re nanocomposites. Due to the specific spectrum recorded for the MWCNTs they can be distinguished from other forms of carbon, furthermore comparative analysis of the results at different stages of the manufacturing process confirms the covalent modification of the MWCNTs structure. The D-band intensity compared to the G-band intensity provides valuable information about the quality of the sample, in particular indicates the existence of contamination and/or the presence of structural defects. Preliminary results suggest that the high-temperature manufacturing process of MWCNTs-Re nanocomposite improves the quality of the carbon material intended for the experiment.Wykorzystanie transmisyjnej mikroskopii elektronowej oraz spektroskopii ramanowskiej, zastosowanych do scharakteryzowania nanokompozytów typu MWCNTs-Re, umożliwia określenie struktury i jakości uzyskanego materiałów. Badania TEM wskazują, że sposób funkcjonalizacji znacząco wpływa na morfologię otrzymanych nanokompozytów typu MWCNTs-Re. Charakterystyczne widmo ramanowskie uzyskane dla nanorurek wielościennych umożliwia ich identyfikację, ponadto analiza porównawcza uzyskanych wyników na różnych etapach procesu wytwórczego potwierdza kowalencyjną modyfikację struktury MWCNTs. Stosunek intensywności pasma D do intensywności pasma G informuje o jakości badanych próbek, w szczególności wskazuje na występowanie ewentualnych zanieczyszczeń i/lub obecność defektów strukturalnych. Wstępne wyniki badań wskazują, że proces wytwarzania nanokompozytu typu MWCNTs-Re z zastosowaniem wysokiej temperatury wpływa na poprawę jakości wyjściowego materiału nanorurkowego

Porównanie węglowo-metalowych nanokompozytów MWCNTs-Rh i WCNTs-Re otrzymanych metodą wysokotemperaturową

Carbon-metal nanocomposites consisting of multiwalled carbon nanotubes coated with rhodium or rhenium nanoparticles by the high-temperature method were fabricated during the research undertaken. Multiwalled carbon nanotubes fabricated by Catalytic-Chemical Vapour Deposition (CCVD) were used in the investigations. Multiwalled carbon nanotubes functionalisation in acid or in a mixture of acids was applied to deposit rhodium or rhenium nanoparticles onto the surface of carbon nanotubes, and then the material was placed in a solution being a precursor of metallic nanoparticles. The material prepared was next subjected to high-temperature reduction in the atmosphere of argon and/or hydrogen to deposit rhodium or rhenium nanoparticles onto the surface of multiwalled carbon nanotubes. The investigations performed include, respectively: fabrication of a CNT-NPs (Carbon NanoTube-NanoParticles) nanocomposite material; the characterisation of the material produced including examination of the structure and morphology, and the assessment of rhodium and/or rhenium nanoparticles distribution on the surface of carbon nanotubes. Micro- and spectroscopy techniques were employed to characterise the structure of the nanocomposites obtained.W ramach wykonanych badań wytworzono węglowo-metalowe nanokompozyty składające się z wielościennych nanorurek węglowych pokrytych nanocząsteczkami rodu lub renu metodą wysokotemperaturową. W badaniach wykorzystano wielościenne nanorurki weglowe wytworzone metodą katalityczno-chemicznego osadzania z fazy gazowej (ang.: Chemical Catalytic Vapor Deposition – CCVD). W celu osadzenia nanocząsteczek rodu lub renu na powierzchni nanorurek węglowych zastosowano funkcjonalizację wielościennych nanorurek węglowych w kwasie lub mieszaninach kwasów, następnie materiał umieszczono w roztworze będącym prekursorem nanocząsteczek metalicznych. Przygotowany materiał poddano następnie redukcji wysokotemperaturowej w atmosferze argonu i/lub wodoru w celu osadzenia nanocząsteczek rodu lub renu na powierzchni wielościennych nanorurek węglowych. Wykonane badania obejmują kolejno: wytworzenie materiału nanokompozytowego typu CNT-NPs (ang.: Carbon NanoTube-NanoParticles), scharakteryzowanie wytworzonego materiału obejmujące badanie jego struktury i morfologii oraz ocenę rozmieszczenia nanocząsteczek rodu i/lub renu na powierzchni nanorurek węglowych. Dla scharakteryzowania struktury otrzymanych nanokompozytów zastosowano techniki mikroi spektroskopowe

Qualifizierung von Verfahren zur physikalischen und chemischen Charakterisierung unbehandelter, oberflaechenmodifizierter und metallbeschichteter Polymere zur Qualitaetssicherung. Teilvorhaben: Chemische Charakterisierung Abschlussbericht

The adhesion strength of polymer-metal compound materials, which are produced by metal deposition onto plasma modified substrates, is mainly influenced by the properties of the modified polymer surface. The present research project is intended to help the industry solve problems arising during various steps of the production process. For this purpose, the correlations between chemical and physical substrate properties and the adhesion strength of the compound material for the systems copper/polyimide and aluminum/polycarbonate were investigated. The project 'Chemical characterization' deals with XPS/TOF-SIMS investigations of reference materials and with the qualification of the TOF-SIMS method. For both reference materials, the best adhesion is achieved after mild plasma treatment of the substrate, and the plasma-induced generation of new functionalities at the substrate surface is mainly responsible for adhesion. For the system copper/polyimide, the results lead, for the first time, to a detailed understanding of the adhesion process on a molecular level. The qualification of the TOF-SIMS method is essentially based on a computerized procedure for the evaluation and interpretation of secondary ion mass spectra. It comprises an effective and unified method for data reduction and a TOF-SIMS database with search and comparison algorithms specifically tailored to high-resolution TOF-SIMS. In this way, the routine identification of individual substances from mixtures or blends becomes possible, particularly in the field of polymer research. (orig.)SIGLEAvailable from TIB Hannover: F99B40+a / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekBundesministerium fuer Bildung, Wissenschaft, Forschung und Technologie, Bonn (Germany)DEGerman

Qualifizierung von Verfahren zur physikalischen und chemischen Charakterisierung unbehandelter, oberflaechenmodifizierter und metallbeschichteter Polymere zur Qualitaetssicherung. Teilvorhaben: Chemische Charakterisierung Abschlussbericht

The adhesion strength of polymer-metal compound materials, which are produced by metal deposition onto plasma modified substrates, is mainly influenced by the properties of the modified polymer surface. The present research project is intended to help the industry solve problems arising during various steps of the production process. For this purpose, the correlations between chemical and physical substrate properties and the adhesion strength of the compound material for the systems copper/polyimide and aluminum/polycarbonate were investigated. The project 'Chemical characterization' deals with XPS/TOF-SIMS investigations of reference materials and with the qualification of the TOF-SIMS method. For both reference materials, the best adhesion is achieved after mild plasma treatment of the substrate, and the plasma-induced generation of new functionalities at the substrate surface is mainly responsible for adhesion. For the system copper/polyimide, the results lead, for the first time, to a detailed understanding of the adhesion process on a molecular level. The qualification of the TOF-SIMS method is essentially based on a computerized procedure for the evaluation and interpretation of secondary ion mass spectra. It comprises an effective and unified method for data reduction and a TOF-SIMS database with search and comparison algorithms specifically tailored to high-resolution TOF-SIMS. In this way, the routine identification of individual substances from mixtures or blends becomes possible, particularly in the field of polymer research. (orig.)SIGLEAvailable from TIB Hannover: F99B40+a / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekBundesministerium fuer Bildung, Wissenschaft, Forschung und Technologie, Bonn (Germany)DEGerman

Oberflaechenanalytik an Plasmapolymerisationsschichten Abschlussbericht

SIGLEAvailable from TIB Hannover: F93B454+a / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekDEGerman