The Impact of Implementation New Regulation on Maritime Industry: A Review of Implementation BWTS

Abstract IMO as an international institution has issued various regulations about the safety and environment. Based on regulations regarding BWT (Ballast Water Management) issued by IMO on international conventions to control ballast water was held in 2004. Indonesian Presidential Regulation number 132 of 2015 states that it has participated in ratifying the Convention. The impact of implementing regulations passed on the existence of several maritime industry sectors must be assessed and considered. The installation of instruments on ships causes incur greater costs to be spent by shipowners which have an impact on the survival of the industry. This study analyzes the impact of applying this regulation by conducted a literature study to examine the maritime industry that will be affected and potential costs that will be required after implementation of this regulation. The result of this study has found analyze of impact implementation of new regulation should be determined. The method to determine this impact can be done using simulation such as a developed dynamic system.</jats:p

A Gas Infrastructure Pathways in East Java Using System Dynamic Approach

Abstract As a developing country, Indonesia has been consuming energy with 114 Million Ton Oil Equivalent (MTOE) and estimated that the demand for energy will increase up to 167,4 MTOE in 2050 by Indonesian Energy Ministry. It is also estimated that natural gas will play the role in fulfilling the energy demand in Indonesia. However, in utilizing the natural gas spread of the regions, Indonesia still lack of natural gas infrastructures. As natural gas infrastructures are playing a vital role on those problems, the condition of supply demand, capacity of infrastructure and the effectiveness of the route need to be adjusted and considered. In this study, system dynamic method is employed in order to forecast the supply and demand of natural gas in East Java Province. In addition, a simulation is carried out to optimize and simulate the scenario model of the natural gas infrastructure at certain time-year period. With the constraint and condition given to the system dynamics, a supply-demand condition in East Java area that mainly comes from electrical power generation, industry and household is assessed. Based on developed scenarios, the model is expected to fulfil the needs of natural gas in East Java. The possibility of establishing new LNG terminal in certain location or expanding the capacity of existing facilities are also considered in this study.</jats:p

Application of BLOCPLAN algorithm as liquified natural gas (LNG) regasification terminal design method

Abstract In the layout design of buildings using applications, such as in the fields of civil engineering, shipping, architecture, there are many design algorithm systems that have been developed. Design algorithm is an approaching method in design where the computer system has been processed with several formulas to produce designs automatically and efficiently. In this paper the researcher try to use one of the design algorithm to designing the LNG terminal layout, called BLOCPLAN algorithm. The BLOCPLAN algorithm is used to improve the efficiency of space utilization and facility placement. BLOCPLAN works by generating several terminal layouts with a direct appraisal system. A most efficient design will be selected from generated designs after re-analysis process. By using the BLOCPLAN algorithm the pipe length used in terminal will be less so it will be more cost-effective. In determining the main terminal facilities, Excel Solver is also used to choose the best scenario with low investment capital. Design algorithm system can effectively support the recommendation process of a more comprehensive layout design. This research is expected to facilitate the designers work because by using this method the designer no longer need to carry out complex processes from the initial stage of design.</jats:p

Risk Analysis on Modified Offloading System of LNG FSRU

Abstract Electricity needs in various islands that are difficult to reach, prompting PT X to assist PT PLN in supplying natural gas fuel for power generation, using LNG technology. Small LNG carriers are designed to reach shallow water. Due to the height difference in the LNG carrier manifold being designed with the West Java FSRU manifold, it is not possible to carry out the loading and unloading process. Therefore the modification of loading and unloading equipment is needed. The modification of the West Java FSRU loading and unloading system was done to add the loading arm range to the small LNG carrier manifold. In 2013 WOAD (world Offshore Accident Data) stated, 9 accidents occurred during the process of loading and unloading liquid and 7 accidents that ended in fire. This study discusses a risk analysis on the loading and unloading system of West Java FSRU after modification. This study begins with hazard identification using. HAZOP (Hazard and Operability Study) method by analyzing the P&amp;ID of modified loading and unloading system. Frequency analysis is done in to calculate an annual frequency of identified hazards and done using FTA (Fault Tree Analysis) and ETA (Event Tree Analysis) methods.</jats:p

Quantitative Risk Assessment of LNG Terminal

Abstract According to the report of Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology of Indonesia in 2019, it is stated that the demand for natural gas in Indonesia is predicted to increase from 1,516 Billions Standard Cubic Feet (BSCF) in 2017 to 4,723. BSCF or increase by an average of 3.5% per year in 2050. The most effective way in distributing natural gas nowadays is in the form of LNG. A national gas company together with a port company planned to build an LNG Terminal in a port area of Semarang, Central Java. This terminal will occupy the area based on the ultimate plan of the port which allocates the land expansion area of ± 5,200 m2 as liquid bulk area. The existing terminal is already being used as fuel storage for Methanol and High Speed Diesel (HSD). The designed LNG Terminal facilities consist of storage tanks with a capacity of 10,000 m3, LNG marine loading arm, filling stations, and equipped with jetty that capable to serve 22,000 m3 LNG vessel with length up to 160m. This paper addresses on the assessment of risk that may occur on the designed LNG Terminal. The risk assessment is carried out in several stages, beginning with identifying hazards using Hazard and Operability (HAZOP) followed by analysing the frequency of hazard using Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) and Event Tree Analysis (ETA) methods to find out the type potential hazards and its frequency. The next stage is the analysis of the consequences using fire modelling method is carried out. The level of risk is represented by mapping the result of frequency and the consequence analysis into f-N Curve according to UK-HSE. Mitigation by means of Layers of Protection Analysis (LOPA) is carried out if the risk is laid in unacceptable region.</jats:p

A System Dynamics Modelling for Converting Existing Tanker to FPSO

Abstract Floating, Production, Storage, and Offloading (FPSO) is an offshore installation that is used to process and store crude oil from wells and then transport it using tankers to oil refineries. One common scheme in the construction of an FPSO is by converting a tanker into FPSO. The project to convert a tanker to an FPSO requires a very well planning considering that this facility is a very important facility in the upstream oil and gas industry. This study aims to determine aspects that can reduce costs in the project of converting a tanker to FPSO. In this study, the variables that can influence the cost of conversion of a tanker into FPSO project are determined by approaching the principle of customer satisfaction, called Quality, Cost, and Delivery. The solution to the problem is carried out using a system dynamics model approach to determine the causality relationship between variables and its effect on the cost of conversion. The analysis is taken by sensitivity analysis and give the result of the biggest variables that lead in cost of conversion respectively are shipyard class, penalty during production, lead time, subcon factor, amount of worker, and the accuracy of pricing. The simulation model produced using system dynamics modelling is expected to be able to provide a solution to reduce the project cost of conversion a tanker to FPSO to support oil and gas exploitation activities in Indonesia.</jats:p

The investigation of life cycle costs of Mobile Harbour Crane: a case study in Berlian Terminal at Tanjung Perak Seaport Surabaya

Abstract Cost is one of the important components that may not be separated in loading and unloading operations, as tariff setting of terminal operation depends on the level of cycle costs implemented. During the life cycle, from the planning to operational stages, every stage is closely related to the cost component. If it is not well managed, it may consequently generate higher costs in the loading and unloading operation. The equipment focused of this research is Mobile Harbor Cranes (MHC) which are being operated in Berlian Terminal, Tanjung Perak port, Surabaya. The main problem as a main concern of this research is how to correlate the allocation of cargo handling equipment with the cost planning during the lifetime of the equipment. Particularly to clearly define the level of costs expended in accordance with the time and workload of the equipment. The research aims of this research, therefore, is to evaluate and optimize the cost cycle value of MHC based on its energy usage applying linear programming. As the result, the research finds that MHC maintenance cost were higher than operational cost. To achieve more efficient maintenance and operational costs, 11 scenarios of energy usage were applied to have a balance life cycle cost arrangement</jats:p

Frequency Analysis of Ship Collision and Its Impact on The Fulfillment of Supporting Facilities and Route Changes Due to Implementation of Sunda Strait TSS

Abstract The Government of Indonesia has adopted such routing measures namely Traffic Separation Scheme (TSS) for the Sunda Strait and the Lombok Strait from the decision of the plenary session of the International Maritime Organization (IMO). TSS is intended to reduce the frequency of ship accidents in a certain area. This research to identify the impact of the implementation TSS in the Sunda Strait on the frequency of ship collisions. So in this research, a ship collisions frequency study was conducted for the implementation of TSS. In the process of calculating the frequency of ship collisions using the IWRAP method in the form of IWRAP MK II software, and to calculate the estimated increase in ship fuel consumption using the Trozzi method in calculating changes in shipping distance using the assistance of the Google Earth virtual program and Triangle Ball method. Based on the calculation of the frequency of ship collisions in the Sunda Strait using the IWRAP software, the results of the frequency of Head-On collisions are 0.003149 per year, Overtaking is 0.070270 per year, and Crossing is 0.079589 per year after the TSS was implemented. However, during the implementation of the TSS by the government of Indonesia, several expenses need to be made to support this TSS implementation. In the first category, the government needs to do the investment to make some new facilities such as Vessel Traffic Systems (VTS), Coast Station (SROP), Marine Aids to Navigation (SBNP) and Electronic Maps worth is IDR 82,607,950,000.00. Another aspect is seen from the shipping company’s point of view who have to spend more money due to the additional fuel consumption caused by the shipping route changes affected by TSS design is IDR 77,086,256,000.00 per year.</jats:p

Analysis of Stern Shape Effect on Pre-Duct Propeller Performance Based on Numerical Simulation

Abstract In process and development of ship building, it always lead to the design that is environmentally friendly and has high efficiency values on the energy and economic side. The factor is the selection and determination of the propulsion system. In propulsion system, propeller and its flow is very influential, such as flow at the stern, the flow that will enter the propeller, and the propeller design used. This can increase the propulsive coefficient of the propulsion system. For single screw ship, the hull efficiency is usually between 1.1 - 1.4, while for twin-screw with conventional hull forms, the hull efficiency is around 0.95 - 1.05. The value of relative rotative efficiency is between 1.0 - 1.07 and the efficiency of the shaft is between 0.96 - 0.995. Meanwhile, the value of open water efficiency and hull efficiency greatly affect to ship performance. From the simulation, with the additional of pre-duct The hull efficiency value has increased by 2.2% - 4.3%, this is due to the increase of wake fraction value higher than the thrust deduction value. The relative rotative efficiency also increases by 0.8% - 1% for each variation of the block coefficient or type of ship. But, for the propulsive coefficient, the resulting gap was decreasing by 2% - 6%. Because of that the distance between the hull and the pre-duct, the design of the propeller, the distance between the pre-duct and the propeller, and the shape of the stern are important references for the pre-duct design.</jats:p