The influence of exposure and physiology on microplastic ingestion by the freshwater fish Rutilus rutilus (roach) in the River Thames, UK

Microplastics are widespread throughout aquatic environments. However, there is currently insufficient understanding of the factors influencing ingestion of microplastics by organisms, especially higher predators such as fish. In this study we link ingestion of microplastics by the roach Rutilus rutilus, within the non-tidal part of the River Thames, to exposure and physiological factors. Microplastics were found within the gut contents of roach from six out of seven sampling sites. Of sampled fish, 33% contained at least one microplastic particle. The majority of particles were fibres (75%), with fragments and films also seen (22.7% and 2.3% respectively). Polymers identified were polyethylene, polypropylene and polyester, in addition to a synthetic dye. The maximum number of ingested microplastic particles for individual fish was strongly correlated to exposure (based on distance from the source of the river). Additionally, at a given exposure, the size of fish correlated with the actual quantity of microplastics in the gut. Larger (mainly female) fish were more likely to ingest the maximum possible number of particles than smaller (mainly male) fish. This study is the first to show microplastic ingestion within freshwater fish in the UK and provides valuable new evidence of the factors influencing ingestion that can be used to inform future studies on exposure and hazard of microplastics to fish

Franchising:essence and accounting prosedure

У статті досліджено теоретичні аспекти франчайзингових операцій, визначено переваги і недоліки для учасників договору франчайзингу. Проаналізовано підходи науковців до методики відображення франчайзингу в обліку.This paper investigates the theoretical aspects of franchise operations, advantages and disadvantages for participants of the franchising agreement. Analysis of scientific approaches to accounting procedure of franchising is give

Антибіотикопрофілактика в хірургії

Наук. кер.: М.Г. КононенкоГнійно-запальні післяопераційні ускладнення за останні десятиріччя набувають все більшої актуальності. Це вже стає проблемою. Такі ускладнення необхідно попереджувати. Для забезпечення тканин операційного поля антибіотиком у ефективній (бактерицидній) концентрації на весь період хірургічного втручання проводять антибіотикопрофілактику (АБП). Вона є складовою частиною комплексної профілактики гнійно-запальних ускладнень. При цитуванні документа, використовуйте посилання http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/2734

Variants of the IL-10 gene associate with muscle strength in elderly from rural Africa: A candidate gene study

Recently, it has been shown that the capacity of the innate immune system to produce cytokines relates to skeletal muscle mass and strength in older persons. The interleukin-10 (IL-10) gene regulates the production capacities of IL-10 and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). In rural Ghana, IL-10 gene variants associated with different production capacities of IL-10 and TNF-α are enriched compared with Caucasian populations. In this setting, we explored the association between these gene variants and muscle strength. Among 554 Ghanaians aged 50 years and older, we determined 20 single nucleotide polymorphisms in the IL-10 gene, production capacities of IL-10 and TNF-α in whole blood upon stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and handgrip strength as a proxy for skeletal muscle strength. We distinguished pro-inflammatory haplotypes associated with low IL-10 production capacity and anti-inflammatory haplotypes with high IL-10 production capacity. We found that distinct haplotypes of the IL-10 gene associated with handgrip strength. A pro-inflammatory haplotype with a population frequency of 43.2% was associated with higher handgrip strength (P = 0.015). An anti-inflammatory haplotype with a population frequency of 7.9% was associated with lower handgrip strength (P = 0.006). In conclusion, variants of the IL-10 gene contributing to a pro-inflammatory cytokine response associate with higher muscle strength, whereas those with anti-inflammatory response associate with lower muscle strength. Future research needs to elucidate whether these effects of variation in the IL-10 gene are exerted directly through its role in the repair of muscle tissue or indirectly through its role in the defence against infectious diseases

Dutch life expectancy from an international perspective

Between 1934 and 1964, the Dutch repeatedly enjoyed the highest life expectancy in the world. Since then, both men and women experienced a long period of stagnation and by now life expectancy in the Netherlands has been surpassed by many countries. It has dropped from its first place position to the ninth place in the European Union (EU-15). As a longer life expectancy reflects the fact that good health is being maintained for longer, it is of key importance to better understand differences in life expectancy among countries

Post-reproductive survival in a polygamous society in rural Africa

Humans have a long post-reproductive life span. In this thesis we study this post-reproductive life span from an evolutionary perspective. Why did humans evolve such a long post-reproductive life span? We tested the hypothesis that men and women after age 50 are able to contribute to their fitness either direct by continued reproduction or indirect through improving the reproductive success of subsequent generations. In a prospective full kin analysis in the Upper East Region in Ghana, we studied the effect of different kin members on offspring production, survival and early growth patterns in a polygamous population that lives in an environment that could reflect our recent evolutionary past. We were able to confirm that post-reproductive survival in females indeed has a selective advantage. However, in this population, the advantage was not through increased survival of offspring as found by others, but through increased reproduction of their household. Also, we found that grandfathers, through continued reproduction up to high age created a selective pressure for old age survival. This direct effect was larger than the indirect effect of post-reproductive survival in women which could point to a more important role of men in the evolution of longevity than previously thought.UBL - phd migration 201

Vitaliteit in een verouderende populatie

Oratie uitgesproken door David van Bodegom bij de aanvaarding van het ambt van Hoogleraar Vitaliteit in een verouderende populatie aan de Universiteit Leiden op 11 november 2021LUMC / Geneeskund

Success has many fathers, failure remains an orphan

Was the sharp upturn of life expectancy in the Netherlands partly due to increased health care funding for the elderly? I argue that there is nothing unusual to the increasing life expectancy since the beginning of the twenty-first century, and that there is no observable relationship with changed health care funding whatsoever. What was highly unusual was the rather dramatic lagging of Dutch life expectancy between 1980 and 2000. The reasons of this failure remain clouded in mystery

De rol van de sociale omgeving bij gezond oud worden

Prevention, Population and Disease management (PrePoD

Phase diagram of a Heisenberg spin-Peierls model with quantum phonons

Using a new version of the density-matrix renormalization group we determine the phase diagram of a model of an antiferromagnetic Heisenberg spin chain where the spins interact with quantum phonons. A quantum phase transition from a gapless spin-fluid state to a gapped dimerized phase occurs at a non-zero value of the spin-phonon coupling. The transition is in the same universality class as that of a frustrated spin chain, which the model maps to in the anti-adiabatic limit. We argue that realistic modeling of known spin-Peierls materials should include the effects of quantum phonons.Comment: RevTeX, 5 pages, 3 eps figures included using epsf. Improved theories in adiabatic and non-adiabatic regimes give better agreement with DMRG. This version accepted in Physical Review Letter