Insecticide Activity of Cerbera Manghas Fruit Exstract to Sitophilus Oryzae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

It was informed that the fruit extract of Cerbera manghas has antitermic and bio-larvicidal activities. The objective of this research is to study the effect of Cebera manghas fruit extracts on the mortality of Sitophilus oryzae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Dried sample of C. manghas fruit was milled and then extracted with maceration method using methanol. Crude extract was then dried and fractioned into 2 fractions i.e. n-Hexane and ethyl acetate. Three concentration of extracts (i.e. 3, 5, and 7.5%) were applied for bioassay test in the difference baited time (i.e. 30 min, 1 h, and 3 h). The results indicated that n-hexane fraction of C. manghas fruit extract was the most active fraction and it was indicated by the highest mortality of S. oryzae at all concentration. The longer the baited time resulted the higher the mortality of S. oryzae

Pengaruh Ekstrak Bintaro (Carbera Odollam Gaertn) dan Kecubung (Brugmansia Candida Pers) terhadap Rayap Tanah Coptotermes SP Influence Of Bintaro (Carbera Odollam Gaertn) And Kecubung (Brugmansia Candida Pers) Extract Against Subterranean Termite Coptotermes SP

Subterranean termite especially Coptotermes sp has been spread widely and has caused a tremendous economical loss. Various chemical compounds have been used to overcome termite attack. However, utilization of chemical could endanger the environment, thus it is important to find another compound which can be used as an environmental friendly wood preservatives. One of the alternatives is to extract natural compound which has an anti-insect peculiarity. Fruits, leaves and barks of Bintaro and Kecubung, especially their leaves and flowers have been widely known as traditional medicine. This paper explains the effects of the extracts of Bintaro (leaves and bark) and Kecubung (leaves) on subterranean termite of Coptotermes sp.Leaves and bark powder of Bintaro and leaves powder of Kecubung were extracted with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, acetone, and methanol. Paper disc which has been dropped by the extract solution was used as bait to subterranean termite of Coptotermes sp. The observation of termite mortality was calculated for every two days during 10 days of observation. The result shows that Bintaro leaves extracted with methanol caused 100% termite mortality on last observation. Whereas on Bintaro bark extracted with n-hexane and acetone caused 100% termite mortality on eighth day of the treatment. Kecubung leaves extracted with n-hexane and ethyl acetate caused 100% termite mortality on last observatio

Daya Patogenitas Cendawan Cunninghamella SP. terhadap Rayap Tanah Coptotermes SP. Pathogenic Ability Of Cunninghamella SP. Against Subterranean Termites Coptotermes SP

Termites are the major agent in wood biodeterioration, particularly in building materials, thus its existence in wood become trouble. Chemical insecticides are widely used to prevent the lost from termites attack. The use of chemical insecticides, however, do not recomended as it may cause risk to human health, environment, and may also harm to the non-target organisms and lead to the development of pest resistance. For that reason, these situations encourage many scientists to develop and evaluate various prospective biological control of termites. One of them is utilization of entomopathogenic fungi to suppress termite population.The object of this research is learning pathogenic ability of Cunninghamella sp. (habitually found around termites nests) in termite's mortality. The methods of this research are fungal isolation and then pathogenic test to termites (termite's infection). The ways of termite infection are contact and digestion. The best method is based on termite's mortality rate after infection.The results show that Cunninghamella sp. causes termites mortality significantly than control. The higher mortality rate of termites is shown by contact infection method than digestion infection method. It might indicate that contact infection method more effective to suppress termite's populatio

Pengembangan Formula Bahan Infeksi Cendawan Sebagai Alternatif Biokontrol Rayap Tanah Coptotermes SP. Development of Infection Material Formula for Fungi as Bio-Control Alternative to Subterranean Termites Coptotermes SP

Utilization of fungal entomopathogen as biological control agent has been developed in several country, but not in Indonesia. Therefore, the use of biological control agent to control termite need to be done in order that diminish chemical insecticide hazard. In this research, the ability of fungal entomopathogen (Hyphomycetes) identified as Metarhizium anisopliae, Beauveria sp. and Humicola sp. to infect Subterranean termite will be evaluated. The fungi were isolated from Indonesia. The research methods are (i) to sporulate fungi in rice culture media; (ii) to formulate fungal entomopathogen being infection materials; (iii) bioassay of fungal entomopathogen against Subterranean termite by contact method. The result of bioassay show that the three fungi (Humicola, M. anisopliae and Beauveria) are able to kill termite in 14 days of observation day. Primarily, M. anisopliae has generate termite's mortality almost similar to Humicola sp. i.e higher than 60 %, in other side Beauveria just affect termite's mortality lower than 60 %

Pengaruh Pengawetan Pohon Berdiri terhadap Sifat Kimia dan Mekanis Bintangur (Callophyllum Soulattri) dan Balam (Macaranga Conifera (Rch.f. & Zoll) Mull.Arg.)

Teknologi pengawetan kayu dengan metode infus dan bandage-wrapping pada pohon berdiri yang masih hidup merupakan metode baru dalam pengawetan kayu. Metode ini memiliki keunggulan dapat mengawetkan kayu berukuran besar secara mudah. Kayu utuh berukuran besar dibutuhkan untuk bahan baku pembuatan Jalur, yaitu, perahu tradisional khas daerah Riau. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh perlakuan pengawetan kayu pada pohon berdiri terhadap karakteristik kayu, terutama sifat kimia dan sifat mekanisnya. Masing-masing sebanyak dua pohon dari jenis kayu alternatif bahan baku pembuatan Jalur yaitu Bintangur (Callophyllum soulattri Burm.f.) dan Balam (Macaranga conifera (Rch.f. & Zoll) Mull.Arg) diawetkan menggunakan senyawa boron dengan metode infus dan bandage-wrapping. Sebagai kontrol, satu pohon dari masing-masing jenis juga ditebang dan diuji. Sampel kayu yang digunakan dibagi menurut posisi aksial pohon (pangkal, tengah, dan ujung) untuk diamati sifat kimia dan sifat mekanis dengan masing-masing tiga ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa posisi aksial mempengaruhi sifat kimia kayu Balam dan Bintangur secara siginifikan pada kadar lignin (30-36%) dan kadar alfa selulosa (48-52%). Secara umum, sifat mekanis yaitu Modulus of Rupture (MOR) dan Modulus of Elasticity (MOE) meningkat secara signifikan setelah diawetkan, kecuali pada Bintangur untuk metode bandage-wrapping. Hasil analisis sidik ragam dan uji lanjut menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan infus memberikan pengaruh nyata yang positif terhadap sifat kimia dan mekanis kayu Bintangur, sehingga pohon Bintangur yang telah diawetkan menggunakan metode infus dapat direkomendasikan sebagai alternatif bahan baku pembuatan Jalur

Efektivitas Pengawetan dengan Teknik Infus dan Bandage pada Pohon Balam terhadap Serangan Rayap Kayu Kering

Saat ini keberadaan kayu jenis meranti merah, kulim dan mersawa sebagai bahan baku pembuat jalur di Kabupaten Kuansing Provinsi Riau semakin langka, sedangkan kebutuhan kayu sebagai bahan pembuat jalur semakin tinggi. Oleh sebab itu diperlukan pemilihan jenis kayu alternatif yang memiliki persamaan sifat kuat dan awet dengan kayu jenis meranti merah, kulim, dan mersawa agar dapat memenuhi spesifikasi pembuatan jalur. Penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari efektivitas pengawetan kayu balam dengan teknik infus dan bandage terhadap rayap kayu kering. Balam (Macaranga conifera Muell. Agr.) dipilih sebagai kayu alternatif untuk membuat jalur karena saat ini masih banyak ditemukan namun belum banyak dipakai untuk pembuatan jalur. Hasil pengamatan di lapangan menunjukkan bahwa jalur yang disimpan di darat mendapatkan serangan rayap kayu kering, sehingga diperlukan pengawetan jalur agar tidak terserang organisme Perusak kayu (OPK) khususnya rayap kayu kering. Pengawetan pohon berdiri dengan senyawa boron komplek dengan teknik infus dan bandage dipilih untuk meningkatkan kelas keawetan kayu balam. Pengujian ketahanan kayu terhadap serangan rayap kayu kering dilakukan sesuai metode SNI 7207-2014. Data diolah dengan menggunakan rancangan faktorial acak lengkap. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa pengawetan dengan teknik infus dan bandage berbeda nyata terhadap pengurangan berat dan mortalitas rayap. Pengamatan derajat serangan secara visual pada kontrol dan teknik infus yaitu 40 (tahan) yang nilainya lebih rendah dibandingkan teknik bandage 70 (sedang). Mortalitas pada teknik infus lebih tertinggi yaitu 90,67% dibandingkan kontrol 86,08% dan bandage 61,75%. Teknik pengawetan dengan teknik infus menunjukkan kandungan boron yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan teknik bandage