4,234 research outputs found
Intending to be ethical: An examination of consumer choice in sweatshop avoidance
While much research in ethical consumption has focused on contexts such as food, this research explores ethical consumer decision-making in the context of intention to avoid sweatshop apparel. This research seeks to deepen the Theory of Planned Behavior with respect to the motivation and volitional stages underlying behavior. The findings of the research, based on 794 consumers, are novel and support an enriched framework which reveals that the role of attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioral control are mediated by desire, intention and plan. The findings have implications for research seeking to address the âintention-behaviorâ gap
The contribution of ethical obligation and selfidentity to the theory of planned behaviour: an exploration of ethical consumers - a reflective comment
The attention given to ethical consumption in todayâs academic environment is something we only dreamed off when writing this paper over 10 years ago. This wealth of scholarship is a measure of the extent to which ethical consumption has infiltrated marketing and business thinking over the past decade or so. The Theory of Planned Behaviour framework used in the revisited paper is still very much alive and well today and following the traditional of this paper many have sought to extend this original theory to improve its applicability in ethical contexts. A criticism of the revisited paper and of much of current research also is a lack of insight into actual behaviour arising from ethical decision-making. Much is written about an attitude-behaviour gap in ethical consumption, but little research has fully explored the extent of this gap
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An Examination of the Volitional Stages in Consumer Decisions to Avoid Sweatshop Clothing
While much research in ethical consumption has focused on contexts such as food, this research explores ethical consumer decision-making in the context of intention to avoid sweatshop clothing where consumer concern has increased but response from the market remains limited. This research seeks to deepen the theory of planned behaviour with respect to the volitional stages underlying behaviour. The findings of the research support a modified theory of planned behaviour model and also reveal volitional stages from intention to trying and plan which reveal the stages of consumer decision-making to avoid sweatshop clothing. Implications for consumer decision-making are discussed
3-D Model of Broadband Emission from Supernova Remnants Undergoing Non-linear Diffusive Shock Acceleration
We present a 3-dimensional model of supernova remnants (SNRs) where the
hydrodynamical evolution of the remnant is modeled consistently with nonlinear
diffusive shock acceleration occuring at the outer blast wave. The model
includes particle escape and diffusion outside of the forward shock, and
particle interactions with arbitrary distributions of external ambient
material, such as molecular clouds. We include synchrotron emission and
cooling, bremsstrahlung radiation, neutral pion production, inverse-Compton
(IC), and Coulomb energy-loss. Boardband spectra have been calculated for
typical parameters including dense regions of gas external to a 1000 year old
SNR. In this paper, we describe the details of our model but do not attempt a
detailed fit to any specific remnant. We also do not include magnetic field
amplification (MFA), even though this effect may be important in some young
remnants. In this first presentation of the model we don't attempt a detailed
fit to any specific remnant. Our aim is to develop a flexible platform, which
can be generalized to include effects such as MFA, and which can be easily
adapted to various SNR environments, including Type Ia SNRs, which explode in a
constant density medium, and Type II SNRs, which explode in a pre-supernova
wind. When applied to a specific SNR, our model will predict cosmic-ray spectra
and multi-wavelength morphology in projected images for instruments with
varying spatial and spectral resolutions. We show examples of these spectra and
images and emphasize the importance of measurements in the hard X-ray, GeV, and
TeV gamma-ray bands for investigating key ingredients in the acceleration
mechanism, and for deducing whether or not TeV emission is produced by IC from
electrons or neutral pions from protons.Comment: 12 pages, 9 figures, accepted by Apj, 24 June 200
Imprints of Short Distance Physics On Inflationary Cosmology
We analyze the impact of certain modifications to short distance physics on
the inflationary perturbation spectrum. For the specific case of power-law
inflation, we find distinctive -- and possibly observable -- effects on the
spectrum of density perturbations.Comment: Revtex 4, 3 eps figs, 4 page
Top Quarks as a Window to String Resonances
We study the discovery potential of string resonances decaying to
final state at the LHC. We point out that top quark pair production is a
promising and an advantageous channel for studying such resonances, due to
their low Standard Model background and unique kinematics. We study the
invariant mass distribution and angular dependence of the top pair production
cross section via exchanges of string resonances. The mass ratios of these
resonances and the unusual angular distribution may help identify their
fundamental properties and distinguish them from other new physics. We find
that string resonances for a string scale below 4 TeV can be detected via the
channel, either from reconstructing the semi-leptonic
decay or recent techniques in identifying highly boosted tops.Comment: 22 pages, 6 figure
Graviscalars from higher-dimensional metrics and curvature-Higgs mixing
We investigate the properties of scalar fields arising from gravity
propagating in extra dimensions. In the scenario of large extra dimensions,
proposed by Arkani-Hamed, Dimopoulos and Dvali, graviscalar Kaluza-Klein
excitations are less important than the spin-2 counterparts in most processes.
However, there are important exceptions. The Higgs boson can mix to these
particles by coupling to the Ricci scalar. Because of the large number of
states involved, this mixing leads, in practice, to a sizeable invisible width
for the Higgs. In the Randall-Sundrum scenario, the only graviscalar is the
radion. It can be produced copiously at hadron colliders by virtue of its
enhanced coupling to two gluons through the trace anomaly of QCD. We study both
the production and decay of the radion, and compare it to the Standard Model
Higgs boson. Furthermore, we find that radion detectability depends crucially
on the curvature-Higgs boson mixing parameter.Comment: 34 pages, late
On High-Energy Behavior of Cross Sections in Theories with Large Extra Dimensions
We discuss the high-energy behavior of cross sections in theories with large
extra dimensions and low-scale quantum gravity, addressing two particular
issues: (i) the tension of the D-branes, and (ii) bounds on the cross section
and their relation to approximations in the mode sum over Kaluza-Klein-graviton
exchanges.Comment: 6 pages, late
In-Flight Flow Visualization Using Infrared Thermography
The feasibility of remote infrared thermography of aircraft surfaces during flight to visualize the extent of laminar flow on a target aircraft has been examined. In general, it was determined that such thermograms can be taken successfully using an existing airplane/thermography system (NASA Dryden's F-18 with infrared imaging pod) and that the transition pattern and, thus, the extent of laminar flow can be extracted from these thermograms. Depending on the in-flight distance between the F-18 and the target aircraft, the thermograms can have a spatial resolution of as little as 0.1 inches. The field of view provided by the present remote system is superior to that of prior stationary infrared thermography systems mounted in the fuselage or vertical tail of a subject aircraft. An additional advantage of the present experimental technique is that the target aircraft requires no or minimal modifications. An image processing procedure was developed which improves the signal-to-noise ratio of the thermograms. Problems encountered during the analog recording of the thermograms (banding of video images) made it impossible to evaluate the adequacy of the present imaging system and image processing procedure to detect transition on untreated metal surfaces. The high reflectance, high thermal difussivity, and low emittance of metal surfaces tend to degrade the images to an extent that it is very difficult to extract transition information from them. The application of a thin (0.005 inches) self-adhesive insulating film to the surface is shown to solve this problem satisfactorily. In addition to the problem of infrared based transition detection on untreated metal surfaces, future flight tests will also concentrate on the visualization of other flow phenomena such as flow separation and reattachment
Oblique Parameter Constraints on Large Extra Dimensions
We consider the Kaluza-Klein scenario in which gravity propagates in the
dimensional bulk of spacetime and the Standard Model particles are
confined to a 3-brane. We calculate the gauge boson self-energy corrections
arising from the exchange of virtual gravitons and present our results in the
-formalism. We find that the new physics contributions to , and
decouple in the limit that the string scale goes to infinity. The oblique
parameters constrain the lower limit on . Taking the quantum gravity
cutoff to be ,
-parameter constraints impose TeV for at the 1
level. -parameter constraints impose TeV for .Comment: Version to appear in PR
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