Probing the limits of steric constraints in the oligomerization of copper(I) complexes: structures of two sterically congested oligomers

Oligomeric copper(I) clusters are formed by the insertion reaction of copper(I) aryloxides into heterocumulenes. The effect of varying the steric demands of the heterocumulene and the aryloxy group on the nuclearity of the oligomers formed has been probed. Reactions with copper(I)2-methoxyphenoxide and copper(I)2-methylphenoxide with PhNCS result in the formation of hexameric complexes hexakis[N-phenylimino(aryloxy)methanethiolato copper(I)] 3 and 4 respectively. Single crystal X-ray data confirmed the structure of 3. Similar insertion reactions of CS2 with the copper(I) aryloxides formed by 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol and 2,6-dimethylphenol result in oligomeric copper(I) complexes 7 and 8 having the (aryloxy)thioxanthate ligand. Complex 7 was confirmed to be a tetramer from single crystal X-ray crystallography. Reactions carried out with 2-mercaptopyrimidine, which has ligating properties similar to N-alkylimino(aryloxy)methanethiolate, result in the formation of an insoluble polymeric complex 11. The fluorescence spectra of oligomeric complexes are helpful in determining their nuclearity. Ir has been shown that a decrease in the steric requirements of either the heterocumulene or aryloxy parts of the ligand can compensate for steric constraints acid facilitate oligomerization. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved

Intra muscular hemangioma of masseter: A rare case scenario

Intramuscular hemangioma (IMH) is a rare congenital benign vascular tumour occuring in the skeletal muscles. Mostly they occur in the muscles of lower extremity and rarely in the muscles of oral cavity. This is a case report of a 37 year old female patient with a Chief complaint of painless dependent swelling in the left middle third of the cheek region for the past 4 years. Clinical examination supported by the findings of Ultrasonography [USG] and Magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] leading to the diagnosis of intramuscular hemangioma of masseter. The diagnosis is later confirmed after Excisional biopsy followed by histopathologic evalution of the biopsied section. The masseter muscle is most frequent muscle accounting for 5% of all intramuscular hemangiomas. Due to the fibro vascular nature IMH have a rubbery, firm texture and vascular bruits or thrills are infrequent. The management has ranged from steroids to injection of sclerosing agents, radiation therapy, and surgical excision

Triple mental foramina: CBCT findings of an unusual anatomical variant

The mental foramen is an important anatomic landmark located on the buccal aspect of the mandible. Evaluation of anatomical variants in the mental foramen (MF) is an important prerequisite for implant and surgical procedures involving the anterior part of the mandible body to avoid mental nerve branches injury. The most frequent variation is the presence of double mental foramen, ranging from 1.4% to 12.5%. The incidence of triple mental foramen is extremely rare ranging from 0.7% to 1.2%. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) is the diagnostic tool of choice for imaging the maxillofacial region, which allows accurate three-dimensional analysis of mental foramen variations. The present report describes an unusual case of triple mental foramina of the right side of the mandible in a 39-year-old south Indian male detected by CBCT

Molecular Characterization of TMPRSS2-ERG Gene Fusion in the NCI-H660 Prostate Cancer Cell Line: A New Perspective for an Old Model

Recent studies have established that a significant fraction of prostate cancers harbor a signature gene fusion between the 5' region of androgen-regulated TMPRSS2 and an ETS family transcription factor, most commonly ERG. Studies on the molecular mechanisms and functional consequences of this important chromosomal rearrangement are currently limited to the VCaP cell line derived from a vertebral bone metastasis of a hormone-refractory prostate tumor. Here we report on the NCI-H660 cell line, derived from a metastasic site of an extrapulmonary small cell carcinoma arising from the prostate. NCI-H660 harbors TMPRSS2-ERG fusion with a homozygous intronic deletion between TMPRSS2 and ERG. We demonstrate this by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, a two-stage dual-color interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assay testing for TMPRSS2 and ERG break-aparts, and single-nucleotide polymorphism oligonucleotide arrays. The deletion is consistent with the common intronic deletion found on chromosome 21q22.2-3 in human prostate cancer samples. We demonstrate the physical juxtaposition of TMPRSS2 and ERG on the DNA level by fiber FISH. The androgen receptor-negative NCI-H660 cell line expresses ERG in an androgen-independent fashion. This in vitro model system has the potential to provide important pathobiologic insights into TMPRSS2-ERG fusion prostate cancer

Golgi Protein GOLM1 Is a Tissue and Urine Biomarker of Prostate Cancer

Prostate cancer is the most common type of tumor found in American men and is the second leading cause of cancer death in males. To identify biomarkers that distinguish prostate cancer from normal, we compared multiple gene expression profiling studies. Through meta-analysis of expression array data from multiple prostate cancer studies, we identified GOLM1 (Golgi membrane protein 1, Golm 1) as consistently up-regulated in clinically localized prostate cancer. This observation was confirmed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and validated at the protein level by immunoblot assay and immunohistochemistry. Prostate epithelial cells were identified as the cellular source of GOLM1 expression using laser capture microdissection. Immunohistochemical staining localized the GOLM1 signal to the subapical cytoplasmic region, typical of a Golgi distribution. Surprisingly, GOLM1 immunoreactivity was detected in the supernatants of prostate cell lines and in the urine of patients with prostate cancer. The mechanism by which intact GOLM1 might be released from cells has not yet been elucidated. GOLM1 transcript levels were measured in urine sediments using quantitative PCR on a cohort of patients presenting for biopsy or radical prostatectomy. We found that urinary GOLM1 mRNA levels were a significant predictor of prostate cancer. Further, GOLM1 outperformed serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in detecting prostate cancer. The area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve was 0.622 for GOLM1 (P = .0009) versus 0.495 for serum PSA (P = .902). Our data indicating the up-regulation of GOLM1 expression and its appearance in patients' urine suggest GOLM1 as a potential novel biomarker for clinically localized prostate cancer