Conserved cosmological structures in the one-loop superstring effective action

A generic form of low-energy effective action of superstring theories with one-loop quantum correction is well known. Based on this action we derive the complete perturbation equations and general analytic solutions in the cosmological spacetime. Using the solutions we identify conserved quantities characterizing the perturbations: the amplitude of gravitational wave and the perturbed three-space curvature in the uniform-field gauge both in the large-scale limit, and the angular-momentum of rotational perturbation are conserved independently of changing gravity sector. Implications for calculating perturbation spectra generated in the inflation era based on the string action are presented.Comment: 5 pages, no figure, To appear in Phys. Rev.

Planar sandwich antennas for submillimeter applications

A planar receiving antenna with a predictable pattern at submillimeter wavelength is demonstrated experimentally for the first time. It is single lobed and efficient, with a gain of approximately 8 dB at a wavelength of 119 µm

Origin of the hub spectral dimension in scale-free networks

The return-to-origin probability and the first passage time distribution are essential quantities for understanding transport phenomena in diverse systems. The behaviors of these quantities typically depend on the spectral dimension $d_s$. However, it was recently revealed that in scale-free networks these quantities show a crossover between two power-law regimes characterized by $d_s$ and the so-called hub spectral dimension $d_s^{\textrm{(hub)}}$ due to the heterogeneity of connectivities of each node. To understand the origin of $d_s^{\textrm{(hub)}}$ from a theoretical perspective, we study a random walk problem on hierarchical scale-free networks by using the renormalization group (RG) approach. Under the RG transformation, not only the system size but also the degree of each node changes due to the scale-free nature of the degree distribution. We show that the anomalous behavior of random walks involving the hub spectral dimension $d_s^{\textrm{(hub)}}$ is induced by the conservation of the power-law degree distribution under the RG transformation.Comment: 10pages, 2figure

Efficient Schemes for Reducing Imperfect Collective Decoherences

We propose schemes that are efficient when each pair of qubits undergoes some imperfect collective decoherence with different baths. In the proposed scheme, each pair of qubits is first encoded in a decoherence-free subspace composed of two qubits. Leakage out of the encoding space generated by the imperfection is reduced by the quantum Zeno effect. Phase errors in the encoded bits generated by the imperfection are reduced by concatenation of the decoherence-free subspace with either a three-qubit quantum error correcting code that corrects only phase errors or a two-qubit quantum error detecting code that detects only phase errors, connected with the quantum Zeno effect again.Comment: no correction, 3 pages, RevTe

dmu/dn In suspended bilayer graphene: the interplay of disorder and band gap

We present an interpretation of recent experimental measurements of dmu/dn in suspended bilayer graphene samples. We demonstrate that the data may be quantitatively described by assuming a spatially varying band gap induced by local electric fields. We demonstrate that the gap fluctuations vary amongst different samples and that the gap fluctuations are correlated with the associated charge density fluctuations, indicating that the mechanism causing this effect is likely to be an extrinsic effect. We also provide predictions for the optical conductivity and mobility of suspended bilayer graphene samples with small band gaps.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figure