Airway Epithelial Cultures of Children with Esophageal Atresia as a Model to Study Respiratory Tract Disorders

Esophageal atresia (EA) is a rare birth defect in which respiratory tract disorders are a major cause of morbidity. It remains unclear whether respiratory tract disorders are in part caused by alterations in airway epithelial cell functions such as the activity of motile cilia. This can be studied using airway epithelial cell culture models of patients with EA. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility to culture and functionally characterize motile cilia function in the differentiated air–liquid interface cultured airway epithelial cells and 3D organoids derived from nasal brushings and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid from children with EA. We demonstrate the feasibility of culturing differentiated airway epithelia and organoids of nasal brushings and BAL fluid of children with EA, which display normal motile cilia function. EA patient-derived airway epithelial cultures can be further used to examine whether alterations in epithelial functions contribute to respiratory disorders in EA

Deuxième phase de sélection des hybrides euraméricains et évaluation des propriétés du bois des 4 variétés P. deltoïdes proposées à l’inscription. Convention de Recherche et d’expérimentation n° E 04 / 11 GIS Peuplier. Rapport final

Depuis 1999, le GIS Peuplier (AFOCEL, devenu FCBA, Cemagref devenu Irstea, INRA) conduit un programme d’amélioration génétique et réalise ses propres hybridations. Deux grands types d’hybrides sont produits parallèlement : des hybrides euraméricains de première génération (P. deltoides x P. nigra) et des hybrides interaméricains faisant intervenir les deux espèces P. deltoides et P. trichocarpa. Les hybrides intraspécifiques P. deltoides x P. deltoides ont atteint le stade de la sortie variétale, le GIS Peuplier a mis en place un mode de protection et de valorisation de ses variétés auprès de pépiniéristes licenciés. Ces quatre variétés ont fait l’objet d’une première évaluation de la qualité de leur bois. Des fiches techniques présentant ces 4 variétés et leurs performances observées dans les différentes expérimentations conduites par le GIS ont été rédigées

A Multimodal Biomarker Predicts Dissemination of Bronchial Carcinoid

Background: Curatively treated bronchial carcinoid tumors have a relatively low metastatic potential. Gradation into typical (TC) and atypical carcinoid (AC) is limited in terms of prognostic value, resulting in yearly follow-up of all patients. We examined the additional prognostic value of novel immunohistochemical (IHC) markers to current gradation of carcinoids. Methods: A retro-spective single-institution cohort study was performed on 171 patients with pathologically diagnosed bronchial carcinoid (median follow-up: 66 months). The risk of developing distant metastases based on histopathological characteristics (Ki-67, p16, Rb, OTP, CD44, and tumor diameter) was evaluated using multivariate regression analysis and the Kaplan–Meier method. Results: Of 171 pa-tients, seven (4%) had disseminated disease at presentation, and 164 (96%) received curative-intent treatment with either endobronchial treatment (EBT) (n = 61, 36%) or surgery (n = 103, 60%). Among the 164 patients, 13 developed metastases at follow-up of 81 months (IQR 45–162). Univariate analysis showed that Ki-67, mitotic index, OTP, CD44, and tumor diameter were associated with development of distant metastases. Multivariate analysis showed that mitotic count, Ki-67, and OTP were independent risk factors for development of distant metastases. Using a 5% cutoff for Ki-67, Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that the risk of distant metastasis development was significantly associated with the number of risk predictors (AC, Ki-67 ≥ 5%, and loss of OTP or CD44) (p < 0.0001). Six out of seven patients (86%) with all three positive risk factors developed distant metastasis. Con-clusion: Mitotic count, proliferation index, and OTP IHC were independent predictors of dissemination at follow-up. In addition to the widely used carcinoid classification, a comprehensive analysis of histopathological variables including Ki-67, OTP, and CD44 could assist in the determi-nation of distant metastasis risks of bronchial carcinoids

Diagnosis of atypical carcinoid can be made on biopsies > 4 mm2 and is accurate

In the 2021 WHO thoracic tumors, gradation of lung carcinoids in biopsies is discouraged. We hypothesized that atypical carcinoid (AC) could be reliably diagnosed in larger preoperative biopsies. Biopsy-resection paired specimens of carcinoid patients were included, and definitive diagnosis was based on the resection specimen according to the WHO 2021 classification. A total of 64 biopsy-resection pairs (26 typical carcinoid (TC) (41%) and 38 AC (59%)) were analyzed. In 35 patients (55%), tumor classification between the biopsy and resection specimen was concordant (26 TC, 9 AC). The discordance in the remaining 29 biopsies (45%, 29 TC, 0 AC) was caused by misclassification of AC as TC. In biopsies measuring < 4 mm 2, 15/15 AC (100%) were misclassified compared to 14/23 AC (61%) of biopsies ≥ 4 mm 2. Categorical concordance of Ki-67 in biopsy-resection pairs at threshold of 5% was 68%. Ki-67 in the biopsy was not of additional value to discriminate between TC and AC, irrespective of the biopsy size. Atypical carcinoid is frequently missed in small bronchial biopsies (< 4 mm 2). If the carcinoid classification is clinically relevant, a cumulative biopsy size of at least 4 mm 2 should be considered. Our study provides strong arguments to make the diagnosis of AC in case of sufficient mitosis for AC on a biopsy and keep the diagnosis “carcinoid NOS” for carcinoids with ≤ 1 mitosis per 2 mm 2. Ki-67 has a good concordance but was not discriminative for definitive diagnosis

Modelisation de la productivite du bucheronnage mecanise : SILVATEC 854 TH

SIGLEAvailable from INIST (FR), Document Supply Serviceunder shelf-number : RP 14454 / INIST-CNRS - Institut de l'Information Scientifique et TechniqueFRFranc