4,169 research outputs found
Doctors and nurses subjective predictions of 6-month outcome compared to actual 6-month outcome for adult patients with spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) in neurocritical care: An observational study.
Acute spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage is a devastating form of stroke. Prognostication after ICH may be influenced by clinicians' subjective opinions. To evaluate subjective predictions of 6-month outcome by clinicians' for ICH patients in a neurocritical care using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) and compare these to actual 6-month outcome. We included clinicians' predictions of 6-month outcome in the first 48 h for 52 adults with ICH and compared to actual 6-month outcome using descriptive statistics and multilevel binomial logistic regression. 35/52 patients (66%) had a poor 6-month outcome (mRS 4-6); 19/52 (36%) had died. 324 predictions were included. For good (mRS 0-3) versus poor (mRS 4-6), outcome, accuracy of predictions was 68% and exact agreement 29%. mRS 6 and mRS 4 received the most correct predictions. Comparing job roles, predictions of death were underestimated, by doctors (12%) and nurses (13%) compared with actual mortality (36%). Predictions of vital status showed no significant difference between doctors and nurses: OR = 1.24 {CI; 0.50-3.05}; (  = 0.64) or good versus poor outcome: OR = 1.65 {CI; 0.98-2.79}; (  = 0.06). When predicted and actual 6-month outcome were compared, job role did not significantly relate to correct predictions of good versus poor outcome: OR = 1.13 {CI;0.67-1.90}; (  = 0.65) or for vital status: OR = 1.11 {CI; 0.47-2.61};  = 0.81). Early prognostication is challenging. Doctors and nurses were most likely to correctly predict poor outcome but tended to err on the side of optimism for mortality, suggesting an absence of clinical nihilism in relation to ICH. [Abstract copyright: © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.
A Climatology of Northwest Missouri Snowfall Events: Long Term Trends and Interannual Variability.
The goal of this study was to develop a 50-year statistical climatology of snowfall
occurrences using data from a dense network of cooperative station observations covering
northwest and central Missouri, and these records were provided by the Missouri Climate Center. This included a study of the long term trends and interannual variability in snowfall occurrence as related to sea surface temperature variations in the Pacific Ocean basin associated with the El
Nino and Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the North Pacific Oscillation (NPO). These trends and variations were then related to four synoptic-scale flow regimes that produce these snowfalls in the Midwest. The results demonstrate that during the snowfall season (Oct - April) the northwest Missouri region can expect about eight snowfall events which produce three or more inches of accumulation. While no significant long-term trend in overall snowfall occurrence was
found, a decrease in the number of extreme events (10 or more inches) was noted. Also, fewer snowfall events were found during El Nino years, while more heavy snowfall events occurred during "neutral" years, and these results could be related to synoptic- scale variability. A closer examination of the results demonstrated that El Nino/La Nina related variability in snowfall
occurrence was superimposed on longer-term NPO-related variability.This research was supported by the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR) Cooperative program for Operational Meteorological Education and Training (COMET) Outreach Programunder award # 98115921
The atomic structure of large-angle grain boundaries and in and their transport properties
We present the results of a computer simulation of the atomic structures of
large-angle symmetrical tilt grain boundaries (GBs) (misorientation
angles \q{36.87}{^{\circ}} and \q{53.13}{^{\circ}}),
(misorientation angles \q{22.62}{^{\circ}} and \q{67.38}{^{\circ}}). The
critical strain level criterion (phenomenological criterion)
of Chisholm and Pennycook is applied to the computer simulation data to
estimate the thickness of the nonsuperconducting layer enveloping
the grain boundaries. The is estimated also by a bond-valence-sum
analysis. We propose that the phenomenological criterion is caused by the
change of the bond lengths and valence of atoms in the GB structure on the
atomic level. The macro- and micro- approaches become consistent if the
is greater than in earlier papers. It is predicted that the
symmetrical tilt GB \theta = \q{53.13}{^{\circ}} should demonstrate
a largest critical current across the boundary.Comment: 10 pages, 2 figure
High Temperature Ferromagnetism with Giant Magnetic Moment in Transparent Co-doped SnO2-d
Occurrence of room temperature ferromagnetism is demonstrated in pulsed laser
deposited thin films of Sn1-xCoxO2-d (x<0.3). Interestingly, films of
Sn0.95Co0.05O2-d grown on R-plane sapphire not only exhibit ferromagnetism with
a Curie temperature close to 650 K, but also a giant magnetic moment of about 7
Bohr-Magneton/Co, not yet reported in any diluted magnetic semiconductor
system. The films are semiconducting and optically highly transparent.Comment: 12 pages, 4 figure
Application of robotics In the clinical laboratory
The basic types of robot are explained, and the performances and
costs of some commercial examples are given. The potential
advantages and problems of introducing robots into clinical
laboratories are identified and the specifcation of a suitable robot
is developed. None of the commercially available robots meets all
aspects of the specificalion, and currently the purchase of a robot is
considered premature for most clinical laboratories
Ferromagnetism in laser deposited anatase TiCoO_{2-\delta} films
Pulsed laser deposited films of Co doped anatase TiO2 are examined for Co
substitutionality, ferromagnetism, transport, magnetotransport and optical
properties. Our results show limited solubility (up to ~ 2 %) of Co in the
as-grown films and formation of Co clusters thereafter. For Ti0.93Co0.07O2-d
sample, which exhibits a Curie temperature (Tc) over 1180 K, we find the
presence of 20-50 nm Co clusters as well as a small concentration of Co
incorporated into the remaining matrix. After being subjected to the high
temperature anneal during the first magnetization measurement, the very same
sample shows a Tc ~ 650 K and almost full matrix incorporation of Co. This Tc
is close to that of as-grown Ti0.99Co0.01O2-d sample (~ 700 K). The transport,
magnetotransport and optical studies also reveal interesting effects of the
matrix incorporation of Co. These results are indicative of an intrinsic
Ti1-xCoxO2-d diluted magnetic semiconductor with Tc of about 650-700 K.Comment: 14 pages + 9 figure
THE NAS PARALLEL BENCHMARKS
The Numerical Aerodynamic Simulation (NAS) Program, which is based at NASA Ames Research Center, is a large-scale effort to advance the state of computational aerodynamics. Specifically, the NAS organization aims &dquo;to provide the Nation’s aerospace research and development community by the year 2000 a highperformance, operational computing system capable of simulating an entire aerospace vehicle system within a computing time of one to several hours&dquo; (NAS Systems Division, 1988, p. 3). The successful solution of this &dquo;grand challenge&dquo; problem will require the development of computer systems that can perform the required complex scientific computations at a sustained rate nearly 1,000 times greater than current generation supercomputers can achieve. The architecture of computer systems able to achieve this level of performance will likely be dissimilar to the shared memory multiprocessing supercomputers of today. While no consensus yet exists on what the design will be, it is likely that the system will consist of at least 1,000 processors computing in parallel. Highly parallel systems with computing power roughly equivalent to that of traditional shared memory multiprocessors exist today. Unfortunately, for various reasons, the performance evaluation of these systems on comparable types of scientific computations is very difficult. Relevant data for the performance of algorithms of interest to the computational aerophysics community on many currently available parallel systems are limited. Benchmarking and performance evaluation of such systems have not kept pace with advances in hardware, software, and algorithms. In particular, there is as yet no generally accepted benchmark program or even a benchmark strategy for these systems
Large eddy simulation of two-dimensional isotropic turbulence
Large eddy simulation (LES) of forced, homogeneous, isotropic,
two-dimensional (2D) turbulence in the energy transfer subrange is the subject
of this paper. A difficulty specific to this LES and its subgrid scale (SGS)
representation is in that the energy source resides in high wave number modes
excluded in simulations. Therefore, the SGS scheme in this case should assume
the function of the energy source. In addition, the controversial requirements
to ensure direct enstrophy transfer and inverse energy transfer make the
conventional scheme of positive and dissipative eddy viscosity inapplicable to
2D turbulence. It is shown that these requirements can be reconciled by
utilizing a two-parametric viscosity introduced by Kraichnan (1976) that
accounts for the energy and enstrophy exchange between the resolved and subgrid
scale modes in a way consistent with the dynamics of 2D turbulence; it is
negative on large scales, positive on small scales and complies with the basic
conservation laws for energy and enstrophy. Different implementations of the
two-parametric viscosity for LES of 2D turbulence were considered. It was found
that if kept constant, this viscosity results in unstable numerical scheme.
Therefore, another scheme was advanced in which the two-parametric viscosity
depends on the flow field. In addition, to extend simulations beyond the limits
imposed by the finiteness of computational domain, a large scale drag was
introduced. The resulting LES exhibited remarkable and fast convergence to the
solution obtained in the preceding direct numerical simulations (DNS) by
Chekhlov et al. (1994) while the flow parameters were in good agreement with
their DNS counterparts. Also, good agreement with the Kolmogorov theory was
found. This LES could be continued virtually indefinitely. Then, a simplifiedComment: 34 pages plain tex + 18 postscript figures separately, uses auxilary
djnlx.tex fil
Dynamical Measurements of the Young Upper Scorpius Triple NTTS 155808-2219
The young, low-mass, triple system NTTS 155808-2219 (ScoPMS 20) was
previously identified as a ~17-day period single-lined spectroscopic binary
with a tertiary component at 0.21 arcseconds. Using high-resolution infrared
spectra, acquired with NIRSPEC on Keck II, both with and without adaptive
optics, we measured radial velocities of all three components. Reanalysis of
the single-lined visible light observations, made from 1987 to 1993, also
yielded radial velocity detections of the three stars. Combining visible light
and infrared data to compute the orbital solution produces orbital parameters
consistent with the single-lined solution and a mass ratio of q = 0.78 +/- 0.01
for the SB. We discuss the consistency between our results and previously
published data on this system, our radial-velocity analysis with both observed
and synthetic templates, and the possibility that this system is eclipsing,
providing a potential method for the determination of the stars' absolute
masses. Over the ~20 year baseline of our observations, we have measured the
acceleration of the SB's center-of-mass in its orbit with the tertiary.
Long-term, adaptive optics imaging of the tertiary will eventually yield
dynamical data useful for component mass estimates.Comment: 6 Tables, 8 Figures, updated to match published tex
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