Protective effects of some cholinolytics in armine poisoning

Ispitan je zaštitni efekat 9 holinolitika i jednog inhibitora holinacetilaze na miševima trovanim arminom. Zaštitni efekat kod 1 LD50 armina dobiven je s hidroksizinom, disipalorn i ponalidom. Antrenil i atropin metilnitrat u kombinaciji sa piridin aldoksim methloridom (PAM-2 CI) spasili su 50% tretiranih životinja od 4 LD50 armina, aturban i PAM-2 CI od 8 LD50 otrova.Nine cholinolytics and one choline aoetylase inhiihitor (Morin) have been examined as potential protecting agents against armine poisoning. Only Hydroxyzine, Disipal and Ponalid were found to protect mice against one LD50 of armine. In combination with pyridine 2-aldoxime methchloride (PAM-2-Cl) the best effect was found with Aturban, which protected 50 per cent of mice against 4 mg/kg of armine (X LD50). The quaternary cholinolytics Antrenyl and atropine, combined with PAM-2-Cl, protected about 50 per cent of animals against 4 X LD50 of armine, similarly to a combination of central cholinolytics. Tropenzylium and Hydroxyzine. Other cholinolytics showed weaker protective properties

Anthracosilicosis in the coal mines of Zaječar

Prikazan je problem antrakosilikoze u rudnicima zaječarskog ugljenog basena, Najteži slučajevi antrakosilikoze utvrđeni su u rudniku Vrška Čuka. Analizirana je rudača i jalovina i utvrđene su bogate primjese silicijeva dioksida.The problem of anthracosilicosis in the coal mines of the basin of Zaječar is presented. Most serious cases are observed in the mine Vrška Čuka. The analysis of the ore and rock shows a high Si02 content

Low power coordination in wireless ad-hoc networks

ABSTRACT Distributed wireless ad-hoc networks @WANs) pose numerous technical Among them, two are widely conthese problems, two are of dominating importance: (i) low energy and Operation and (ii) autonomous localized operation and decision making. Recent studies have shown sidered as crucial: autonomous localized operation and minimization of energy consumption. We address the fundamental problem of how to maximize life-time of the network by using only local information while preserving network connectivity, We start by introducing the Care-Ree Sleep (CS) Theorem that provides provably optimal necessary and nodes are not required for addressing the current network cient conditions for a node to turn off its radio while ensuring and Although there have been a number of efforts to deterthat global connectivity is not affected. The cS theorem is the basis for an efficient localized almine the conditions for a node to enter sleep state using gorithm that decides which node will turn its radio off, and only locally available information while preserving the overfor how long, The effectiveness of the approach is demonall connectivity of the network, only heuristic answers have sleep coordination problem. The sleep coordination problem the algorithm over a wide range of network parameters. is interesting and challenging from several view points: 0 Complexity of the Problem. The nodes that stay Categories and Subject Descriptors awake to preserve the connectivity of the network form a [ C O M P U T E R -C O M M U N I C A T I O N N E T W O R K S ] : connected dominating set on the network graph. Finding Network Protocols; C.4 [ P E R F O R M A N C E OF S Y S - the minimum connected dominating set can be proven to be TEMS]: [Reliability, availability, and serviceability] NP-complete. Therefore, even in cases where we do have the complete graph information about the whole network, finding the optimal solution in polynomial time is unlikely. Furthermore, setting the proper sleep times t o the nodes to maximize the overall network's lifetime, adds a new dimension to the NP-complete minimum connected dominating 0 Scope of the Problem. For a sleep coordination procedure, making a globally sound decision using only local information is a challenging task. Changing the status of even one node can potentially impact any node in the network ill terms Of its CODneCtiVity and energy consumption. 0 Guaranteed Connectivity. There is a need to determine under which conditions, a Particular node can sleep, while still guaranteeing that the network is connected. 0 Protocol Design. The autonomous operation of the nodes in DWANs has several advantages including fault tolerance, fast response to changes, and non-PrePlanned network structure. However, interaction and collaboration between the nodes and existence of shared resources, dictates a need for a protocol that can handle concurrency and synchronization of the autonomous ad-hoc node decisions. The power saving coordination strategy introduced here attempts to address these challenges. we start by introducing the care-nee sleep (CS) theorem that establishes provably optimal necessary and sufficient conditions for a given node to enter sleep state without disconnecting the network. strated using numerous simulations of the performance of been Presented [17, 3~ ' 1. we refer to this Problem as the General Terms Algorithms, Design, Performance Keywords set problem. Wireless ad-hoc network, low-power, coordinatio

Monitoring the formation of oxygen bubble patterns as a forecast for reaction dynamics

editorial reviewe

Lipidna peroksidacija i aktivnost antioksidativnih enzima u eritrocitima radnika profesionalno izloženih aluminiju

Current research indicates that lipid peroxidation could have a role in aluminium toxicity. The aim of this study was to asses lipid peroxidation and antioxidative enzyme activity in erythrocytes of workers occupationally exposed to aluminium. We investigated a group of 59 workers (Al group) exposed to aluminium fumes (contamination factor F=8.07 to 13.47, national maximal allowed concentration value is 2 mg m-3). The control group (C group) consisted of 75 subjects employed in lime production who had not been occupationally exposed to aluminium or any known toxic substance. Erythrocyte aluminium concentrations were significantly higher in the exposed group than controls [Al group (8.41±3.66) µg L-1, C group (5.60±0.86) µg L-1, p<0.001]. In the Al group, erythrocyte malondialdehyde concentration was also significantly higher [Al group (189.59±81.27) µmol L-1, C group (105.21±49.62) µmol L-1, p<0.001] and antioxidative enzyme activity reduced for glucoso-6-phosphatedehydrogenase [Al group (5.05±1.70) IU g-1 Hb, C group (12.53±4.12) IU g-1 Hb, p<0.001], glutathione reductase [Al group (1.41±0.56) IU g-1 Hb, C group (1.89±0.57) IU g-1 Hb, p<0.001], glutathione peroxidase [Al group (12.37±5.76) IU g-1 Hb, C group (15.54±4.85) IU g-1 Hb, p<0.001], catalase [Al group (116.76±26.60) IU g-1 Hb, C group (158.81±71.85) IU g-1 Hb, p<0.001] and superoxide dismutase [Al group (1175.8±149.9) IU mg-1 Hb, C group (1377.9±207.5) IU mg-1 Hb, p<0.001].Rezultati suvremenih istraživanja pokazuju da lipidna peroksidacija može imati važnu ulogu u toksičnosti aluminija. Cilj istraživanja bio je da se ispita lipidna peroksidacija i aktivnost antioksidativnih enzima u eritrocitima kod radnika profesionalno izloženih aluminiju. Ispitivanjem je obuhvaćena skupina od 59 radnika (Al skupina) profesionalno izloženih aluminiju (faktor onečišćenja F=8,07 do 13,47, nacionalna maksimalno dopuštena koncentracija je 2 mg m-3). Kontrolna skupina sastojala se od 75 osoba zaposlenih u proizvodnji vapna koje nikada nisu bile profesionalno izložene aluminiju ni drugim toksičnim tvarima. U skupini izloženoj aluminiju utvrđene su statistički signifikantno više koncentracije aluminija u eritrocitima nego u kontrolnoj skupini [Al skupina (8,41±3,66) µg L-1, kontrolna skupina (5,60±0,86) µg L-1, p<0,001]. U Al skupini utvrđene su statistički značajno više koncentracije malondialdehida u eritrocitima [Al skupina (189,59±81,27) µmol L-1, kontrolna skupina (105,21±49,62) µmol L-1, p<0,001]. Također, u Al skupini utvrđene su i statistički značajno niže aktivnosti antioksidativnih enzima u eritrocitima: glukozo- 6-fosfatdehidrogenaza [Al skupina (5,05±1,70) IU g-1 Hb, kontrolna skupina (12,53±4,12) IU g-1 Hb, p<0,001], glutationreduktaza [Al skupina (1,41±0,56) IU g-1 Hb, kontrolna skupina (1,89±0,57) IU g-1 Hb, p<0,001], glutationperoksidaza [Al skupina (12,37±5,76) IU g-1 Hb, kontrolna skupina (15,54±4,85) IU g-1 Hb, p<0,001], katalaza [Al skupina (116,76±26,60) IU g-1 Hb, kontrolna skupina (158,81±71,85) IU g-1 Hb, p<0,001] i superoksiddizmutaza [Al skupina (1175,8±149,9) IU mg-1 Hb, kontrolna skupina (1377,9±207,5) IU mg-1 Hb, p<0,001]

Prevalence of hepatitis E virus (HEV) antibodies in Serbian blood donors

Introduction Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is rarely reported in industrialized countries, but recent studies have revealed quite variable seroprevalence rates among European populations, including blood donors. In Serbia, very limited data about HEV seroprevalence are available. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of anti-HEV IgG antibodies and HEV RNA in the sera of volunteer blood donors in Serbia. Methodology Serum samples from 200 volunteer blood donors were tested for the presence of anti-HEV IgG by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using ORF-2 HEV genotype 3 recombinant proteins as antigen, and for the presence of HEV RNA by nested reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results In total, 15% of the volunteer blood donors were seropositive. The prevalence increased with age; 21.5%, 14.2%, and 5.4% HEV seroprevalence rates were found in individuals older than 51 years, between 31 and 50 years, and in those younger than 30 years of age, respectively. However, no HEV RNA was detected in any of the individuals analyzed. Conclusions The prevalence of anti-HEV IgG among blood donors as representatives of the general population is quite high in Serbia compared to data from many European countries. One of the reasons for this could be the high prevalence of HEV among Serbian pigs and the traditional consumption of piglet meat in the country. The relatively high HEV seroprevalence found among Serbian blood donors indicates the need for further investigation. © 2014 Petrović et al