19 research outputs found
UÄinkovitost u zadacima fine motorike i prostornih odnosa tijekom menstrualnog ciklusa
Various studies have shown fl uctuations in task performance during the menstrual cycle. The aim of this study was to see the effects of the menstrual cycle on performing fi ne motor and spatial tasks of different level of complexity in twenty students aged 18 to 21 years, with regular menstrual cycle (28 to 30 days).
The students performed OāConnor Finger Dexterity Test and mental rotation test during the menstrual, late follicular, and midluteal phase. Before the tests were performed, we administered Spielbergerās State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for each phase. After the tasks were completed, the subjects ranked their
diffi culty on Borgās scale.
The results showed the best performance in both tests in the midluteal phase (with sex hormones at their peak). The anxiety level and task diffi culty ranking were the highest in the menstrual phase, when the hormone levels were the lowest.RazliÄita su istraživanja pokazala promjene uÄinkovitosti tijekom menstrualnog ciklusa. U zadacima u kojima su uspjeÅ”nije žene, najveÄa uÄinkovitost dogaÄa se tijekom kasne folikularne ili srednje lutealne faze. U zadacima u kojima su pak uspjeÅ”niji muÅ”karci najveÄa je uÄinkovitost naÄena u menstrualnoj fazi. Na osnovi uporabe zadataka fi ne motorike i prostornih zadataka razliÄitih razina kompleksnosti, cilj ovog istraživanja bio je ispitati utjecaj menstrualnog ciklusa na kognitivne funkcije.
U istraživanju je sudjelovalo dvadeset ispitanica, dobi od 18 do 21 godinu, s redovitim menstrualnim ciklusima (28 do 30 dana). Ispitanice su izvodile OāConnorov deksterimetar i zadatke mentalne rotacije tijekom menstrualne, kasne folikularne i srednje lutealne faze. Prije izvoÄenja zadataka, u svakoj fazi ciklusa primijenjen je Spielbergerov upitnik stanja anksioznosti. Nakon izvoÄenja zadataka, ispitanice su procjenjivale njihovu težinu na Borgovoj skali.
Rezultati su pokazali najbolju uÄinkovitost u oba zadatka u fazi visokih razina spolnih hormona (srednja lutealna faza). Stanje anksioznosti i procijenjene težine zadataka bili su najviÅ”i u menstrualnoj fazi, kada su razine spolnih hormona najniže
Gamma frequency entrainment attenuates amyloid load and modifies microglia
Changes in gamma oscillations (20-50 Hz) have been observed in several neurological disorders. However, the relationship between gamma oscillations and cellular pathologies is unclear. Here we show reduced, behaviourally driven gamma oscillations before the onset of plaque formation or cognitive decline in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Optogenetically driving fast-spiking parvalbumin-positive (FS-PV)-interneurons at gamma (40 Hz), but not other frequencies, reduces levels of amyloid-Ī² (AĪ²)[subscript 1-40] and AĪ² [subscript 1-42] isoforms. Gene expression profiling revealed induction of genes associated with morphological transformation of microglia, and histological analysis confirmed increased microglia co-localization with AĪ². Subsequently, we designed a non-invasive 40 Hz light-flickering regime that reduced AĪ²[subscript 1-40] and AĪ²[subscript 1-42] levels in the visual cortex of pre-depositing mice and mitigated plaque load in aged, depositing mice. Our findings uncover a previously unappreciated function of gamma rhythms in recruiting both neuronal and glial responses to attenuate Alzheimer's-disease-associated pathology.National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Grant 1R01EY023173)National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Grant 1DP1NS087724)National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Grant RF1AG047661)National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Grant ROIGM104948
Species dependent effects of dihydroergosine on [3H]TBOB binding to membranes from the human, rat, bovine and mouse brain
Modulation of Recombinant GABAA Receptors by Neurosteroid Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate
Modification of murine brain cells growth in vitro with melanoma B16 regulatory growth factors
Differential effects of short- and long-term zolpidem treatment on recombinant Ī±1Ī²2Ī³2s subtype of GABAA receptors in vitro
High-resolution phylogenetic analysis of Southeastern Europe (SEE) traces major episodes of paternal gene flow among Slavic populations
The extent and nature of southeastern Europe (SEE) paternal genetic contribution to the European genetic landscape were explored based on a high-resolution Y chromosome analysis involving 681 males from seven populations in the region. Paternal lineages present in SEE were compared with previously published data from 81 western Eurasian populations and 5,017 Y chromosome samples. The finding that five major haplogroups (E3b1, I1b* (xM26), J2, R1a, and R1b) comprise more than 70% of SEE total genetic variation is consistent with the typical European Y chromosome gene pool. However, distribution of major Y chromosomal lineages and estimated expansion signals clarify the specific role of this region in structuring of European, and particularly Slavic, paternal genetic heritage. Contemporary Slavic paternal gene pool, mostly characterized by the predominance of R1a and I1b* (xM26) and scarcity of E3b1 lineages, is a result of two major prehistoric gene flows with opposite directions: the post-Last Glacial Maximum R1a expansion from east to west, the Younger Dryas-Holocene I1b* (xM26) diffusion out of SEE in addition to subsequent R1a and I1b* (xM26) putative gene flows between eastern Europe and SEE, and a rather weak extent of E3b1 diffusion toward regions nowadays occupied by Slavic-speaking populations
Inhibitory effect of diazepam on the activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in female rats
Effects of isolation and inbreeding on human quantitative traits: an example of biochemical markers of hemostasis and inflammation
Genome-wide multilocus heterozygosity (MLH) can have considerable effects on biological quantitative traits, especially those that are highly polygenically determined or mediated by rare genetic variants. We investigated the effects of MLH on biochemical markers of hemostasis and inflammation in 1, 041 individuals from the island of Vis, Croatia, where consanguinity is prevalent and there is a wide range of MLH values in the population. Assessment of MLH was based on genome-wide scans using 800 microsatellite (STR) and 317, 000 single nucleotide (SNP) polymorphic markers in each examinee. Additionally, for each individual we defined ?personal genetic history? (PGH) based on genealogical records. The association between PGH and MLH and fibrinogen, D-dimer (Dd), von Willebrand factor (vWF), tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) and C-reactive protein (CRP) was performed with multiple linear regression, while controlling for possible confounding effects. PGH was a significant predictor only for tPA (P<0.001), while neither of the two MLH measures exhibited significant association with any of the investigated traits. Fib was mainly predicted by age and body mass index (P<0.001) ; Dd and vWF by age (P<0.001) and albumin (P=0.004) ; tPA by age, gender, body mass index and triglycerides (P<0.001) ; and CRP by gender, body mass index, albumin and forced expiratory volume in the 1st second (P<0.001). Weak associations between PGH and MLH and markers of hemostasis and inflammation suggest that their genetic control may not be highly polygenic and that they could represent promising targets for genetic association studies