Meeting Future Energy Needs in the Hindu Kush Himalaya

As mentioned in earlier chapters, the HKH regions form the entirety of some countries, a major part of other countries, and a small percentage of yet others. Because of this, when we speak about meeting the energy needs of the HKH region we need to be clear that we are not necessarily talking about the countries that host the HKH, but the clearly delineated mountainous regions that form the HKH within these countries. It then immediately becomes clear that energy provisioning has to be done in a mountain context characterized by low densities of population, low incomes, dispersed populations, grossly underdeveloped markets, low capabilities, and poor economies of scale. In other words, the energy policies and strategies for the HKH region have to be specific to these mountain contexts

On 12 th to 14 th December Organized by EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF A LIQUID DESICCANT DEHUMIDIFIER USING AQUEOUS CALCIUM CHLORIDE SOLUTION

ABSTRACT In this paper an experimental analysis of a hybrid liquid desiccant dehumidifier system is conducted. Dehumidification of air is effected in a packed column packed with random packing in which air and the desiccant solution flow in a counter flow manner so as to exchange heat and moisture and after heat and mass transfer it is circulated through the regenerator where it is re-concentrated. The desiccant chosen for the analysis is aqueous solution of calcium chloride. The packed bed consists of polypropylene intalox saddle. After dehumidification the desiccant is regenerated in an absorber of similar construction as the dehumidifier .The effect of different operating variables on performance of both dehumidifier and regenerator are studied. The parameters studied are the effect of mass air flow rate, air inlet temperature, and desiccant inlet temperature. The practicability of additional dehumidification of supply air by the desiccant loop of the hybrid system is demonstrated

Lymphocutaneous Nocardiosis Presenting As Inguinal Bubo

A 19 year old male patient presented with a history of swelling in the right inguinal region of 2 months duration, which progressed to form chronic discharging ulcers after 1 month. Histopathological examination showed diffuse granuloma with lymphocytic infiltrate. Acid fast staining and culture findings were consistent with nocardiosis

Production of toluene by decomposition of 2-hydroxy-6-methylbenzaldehyde: a DFT study

The fast pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass produces raw bio-oil that comprises of several oxygenated organic compounds which are disadvantageous and lower the quality of bio-oil as a fuel. In this numerical study, 2-hydroxy-6-methylbenzaldehyde (HMB) component, one such oxygenated compound which represents aromatic aldehyde category of bio-oil, is considered as model compound for its decomposition within the framework of density functional theory. The bond dissociation analysis of HMB component suggests that the dehydrogenation of methyl group is the least energy demanding amongst all nine possible bond scissions. Further, eight reaction pathways are investigated for the conversion of HMB into toluene as end product along with the analyses of their corresponding potential energy surfaces. Briefly, results indicate that the optimum reaction progress for the production of toluene from HMB requires an activation energy of 12.26 kcal/mol. It is further observed that the production of toluene from HMB includes m-cresol as an intermediate instead of 2-formyltoulene; and, the production of 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde is not favourable. Furthermore, the thermochemistry analyses for the production of toluene using optimum reaction pathway and for the production of 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde using reaction pathway 9 are performed over a wide range of temperature, i. e., 473–873 K at an interval of 100 K. The thermochemistry also suggests higher favourability for the production of toluene compared to the production of 2-hydroxybenzaldehdye by decomposing HMB

Quantum chemical study on gas phase pyrolysis of p-isopropenylphenol

In the pyrolysis of Sphagnum moss species, p-isopropenylphenol (p-IPP) is a major product which has been considered in this density functional theory based computational study for its conversion to various products such as benzene, phenol, 4-propenylphenol, indan-5-ol, 4-propylcyclohexanone, 4-cyclopropylphenol, etc. In order to achieve these products, eight different reaction schemes are performed using B3LYP/6–311 + g (d,p) level of theory. Further, thermodynamic properties such as reaction free energies and reaction enthalpies associated with these eight reaction schemes are developed in the temperature range of 298–898 K. The reaction schemes that include partial hydrogenation of the aromatic carbon followed by elimination of functional groups are found to demand low activation energy. The production of benzene from p-IPP with isopropenylbenzene as an intermediate product requiring only 19.83 kcal/mol of activation energy is the rate limiting reaction step. Indan-5-ol produced from p-IPP is validated with the literature results and found excellent agreement between two results. Furthermore, the temperature is found to have phenomenal effect in each reaction scheme

CFD simulations on the effect of catalysts on the hydrodeoxygenation of bio-oil

Bio-oil derived from lignocellulose biomass is an emerging alternative resource to conventional fossil fuel. However, the as-obtained unprocessed bio oil is oxy-rich, has low pH and contains high moisture, which suppresses the heating value; thus, its mixing with conventional fuel is not compatible. Therefore, studies on the upgradation of bio oil using catalytic hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) have become prominent in recent years. This study presents computational fluid dynamics (CFD) based simulation results on the effect of catalysts (Pt/Al2O3, Ni–Mo/Al2O3, Co–Mo/Al2O3) on the upgradation of bio oil using a hydrodeoxygenation process in an ebullated bed reactor. These numerical simulations are performed using an Eulerian multiphase flow module that is available in a commercial CFD based solver, ANSYS Fluent 14.5. Prior to obtaining the new results, the present numerical solution methodology is validated by reproducing some of the experimental results on the upgradation of bio oil available in the literature. Furthermore, the influence of weight hourly space velocities (WHSVs), operating temperature, and pressure inside the reactor for the different catalysts on the performance of HDO for bio oil upgradation in an ebullated bed reactor are delineated. It is observed that the gaseous stream products are higher in the presence of Pt/Al2O3 catalyst; phenols are higher when Ni–Mo/Al2O3 is used, and higher aromatics are obtained with the Co–Mo/Al2O3 catalyst. Finally, a comparison among the mass fraction of the individual species of three phases with respect to different catalysts for various combinations of WHSV, temperature and pressure values are presented

Predicting Social Emotions based on Textual Relevance for News Documents

Due to the rapid rise in internet population, the content over web is increasing and a large number of documents assigned by reader's emotions have been generated through new portals. Earlier works have focused only author's perspective, our work focuses on reader's emotions generated by news articles. Social emotions of news articles from reader's perspective are predicted with the help of user ratings. More specifically, we form Communities based on the ratings that are present in the news articles. Further, a Textual Relevance is computed based on the word frequency for a particular document. Experiments are conducted on the news articles and as a result, it is observed that the proposed method results in predicting reader's emotions are much better when compared with the existing method Opinion Network Community (ONC) [1]

Lepromatous Leprosy With Scrotal Nodules

Scrotal skin involvement in leprosy is relatively uncommon. A 27 year old male presented with multiple, skin colored papules and nodules on the face, trunk, forearm, thighs and scrotum with bilateral symmetrical nerve thickening of 4 months duration. Histology of scrotal skin lesion showed features of lepromatous leprosy and skin smear for AFB was positive