46,787 research outputs found
Examining Collegiality and Social Justice in Academia and the Private Sector: an Exploratory SYMLOG Analysis
This research compares the perceptions of the private sector, high-technology employees to the perceptions of university faculty members regarding organizational culture, social justice and collegiality concepts. The SYMLOG assessment technique was used to record the perceptions of respondents to four different concepts of organizational culture, two different aspects of social justice and two measures of collegiality. Comparative findings of gender differences across the eight concepts raise key organizational culture, legal, measurement, governance, and social policy issues for academia and high tech organizations. The development of a conceptual framework to guide future research and a blueprint to discuss desired organizational change are highlighted
Dragonflies of (Anisoptera) Arkansas
Previous publications have recorded 69 species of dragonflies for Arkansas. Three of these are deleted, but state records for 21 new species are reported herein, bringing the list to 87 species. Based on lists from adjacent states, an additional nine species are listed as probably occurring in Arkansas. County records are given for both naiads and adults of each species, as well as first and last capture dates for adults. Specific location and capture date are given for new state records when such data are available. The most species (39) have been reported from Washington County. Twenty-nine counties list from 1-5 species, and six counties list no records
Limnology of Four Bauxite Open-Pit Lakes
The aquatic flora and fauna and 18 physicochemical characteristics of four bauxite open-pit lakes were studied from September 1969 to August 1970. The least acid lake (pH 3.4-4.4) supported 49 different aquatic insects, plankton, and higher aquatic plants. The most acid lake (pH 2.7-3.2) supported only 26 different plants and animals. Bauxite open-pit lakes within the pH range studied appear to be as relatively unproductive as their coal strip-mine lake counterparts, with which they share physicochemical and biological characteristics. Benthic macrofaunal diversity and abundance appear to be related more closely to distribution and abundance of leaf detritus than to hydrogen-ion concentration
Going Overboard? On Busy Directors and Firm Value
Abstract The literature disagrees on the link between so-called busy boards (where many independent directors hold multiple board seats) and firm performance. Some argue that busyness certifies a director’s ability and that such directors are value enhancing. Others argue that “over-boarded” directors are ineffective and detract from firm value. We find evidence that (1) the disparate results in prior work stem from differences in both sample composition and empirical design, (2) on balance the results suggest a negative association between board busyness and firm performance, and (3) the inclusion of firm fixed effects dramatically affects the conclusions drawn from, and the explanatory power of, multivariate analyses. We also explore alternative empirical definitions of what constitutes a busy director and find that commonly used proxies for busyness perform well relative to more complex alternatives. Highlights ► The disparate busy director findings result from different samples and methodology. ► Including firm fixed effects results in a constant negative relation. ► The common busy director definition is as informative as more intense alternatives
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Maintenance and degradation of proteins in intact and severed axons: Implications for the mechanism of long-term survival of anucleate crayfish axons
Protein maintenance and degradation are examined in the
severed distal (anucleate) portions of crayfish medial giant
axons (MGAs), which remain viable for over 7 months following
axotomy. On polyacrylamide gels, the silver-stained
protein banding pattern of anucleate MGAs severed from
their cell bodies for up to 4 months remains remarkably similar
to that of intact MGAs. At 7 months postseverance, some
(but not all) proteins are decreased in anucleate MGAs compared
to intact MGAs. To determine the half-life of axonally
transported proteins, we radiolabeled MGA cell bodies and
monitored the degradation of newly synthesized transported
proteins. Assuming exponential decay, proteins in the fast
component of axonal transport have an average half-life of
14 d in anucleate MGAs and proteins in the slow component
have an average half-life of 17 d. Such half-lives are very
unlikely to account for the ability of anucleate MGAs to survive
for over 7 months after axotomy.This work was supported by an ATP grant to G.D.B.Neuroscienc
Occurrences of \u3ci\u3eEumorpha Fasciata, Hyles Gallii, Sphinx Franckii\u3c/i\u3e and \u3ci\u3eS. Vashti\u3c/i\u3e (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) in Illinois
A recent survey of private and institutional collections in Illinois and surrounding states has provided specific information on the occurrences of four species of sphingids within Illinois: Eumorpha fasciata, Hyles gallii, Sphinx franckii, and S. vashti. Geographical and phenological data for these species are provided
Hydrologic Properties of Subarctic Organic Soils
Completion Report
for
U. S. Forest Service
Institute of Northern Forestry
Cooperative Agreement No. 16 USC 581; 581a-581iThe need for understanding the natural system and how it responds
to various stresses is important; this is especially so in an environment
where the climate not only sustains permafrost, but develops
massive seasonal frost as well. Consequently, the role of the shallow
surface organic layer is also quite important. Since a slight change in
the soil thermal regime may bring about a phase change in the water or
ice, therefore, the system response to surface alterations such as
burning can be quite severe. The need for a better understanding of the
behavior and properties of the organic layer is, therefore, accentuated.
The central theme of this study was the examination of the hydrologic
and hydraulic properties of subarctic organic soils. Summarized
in this paper are the results of three aspects of subarctic organic soil
examinations conducted during the duration of the project. First, a
field site was set up in Washington Creek with the major emphasis on
measuring numerous variables of that soil system during the summer. The
greatest variations in moisture content occur in the thick organic soils
that exist at this site. Our major emphasis was to study the soil
moisture levels in these soils. This topic is covered in the first
major section, including associated laboratory studies. Those laboratory
studies include investigations of several hydraulic and hydrologic
properties of taiga organic and mineral soils. Second, some field data
on organic moisture levels was collected at the site of prescribed burns
in Washington Creek to ascertain the sustainability of fires as a function
of moisture levels. This portion of the study is described under the
second major heading. The last element of this study was a continued
application of the two-dimensional flow model that was developed in an
earlier study funded by the U. S. Forest Service, Institute of Northern
Forestry, and reported by Kane, Luthin, and Taylor (1975a).
Many of the results and concepts gathered in the field work were
integrated into the modeling effort, which is aimed at producing better
estimates of the hydrologic effects of surface disturbances in the black
spruce taiga subarctic ecosystem. This knowledge should also contribute
to better fire management decisions of the same system.The work upon which this report is based was made possible by a
cooperative aid agreement funded by the U. S. Forest Service, Institute
of Northern Forestry, Fairbanks, Alaska. Contribution to this study was
also made by Ohio State University
Extent and mechanism of sealing in transected giant axons of squid and earthworms
Transected axons are often assumed to seal at their cut
ends by the formation of continuous membrane barriers that
allow for the restoration of function in the axonal stumps.
We have used several electrophysiological measures (membrane
potential, input resistance, injury current density) and
several morphological measures (phase-contrast, video-enhanced
differential interference contrast, light, and electron
microscopies) of living and fixed material to assess the extent
and mechanism of sealing within hours after transecting
giant axons of squid (Loligo pealeiand Sepioteuthis lessoniana)
and earthworms (Lumbricus terrestris). Our electrophysiological
data suggest that the proximal and distal ends
of transected squid giant axons do not completely seal within
2.5 hr in physiological saline. In contrast, the same set of
measures suggest that proximal and distal ends of transected
earthworm giant axons seal within 1 hr in physiological
saline. Our morphological data show that the cut ends
of both squid and earthworm axons constrict, but that a 20-
70-am-diameter opening always remains at the cut end that
is filled with vesicles. Axonal transection induces the formation
of vesicles that are observed in the axoplasm within
minutes in standard salines and that rapidly migrate to the
cut ends. These injury-induced vesicles are loosely packed
near the cut ends of squid giant axons, which do not functionally
seal within 2.5 hr of transection. In contrast, vesicles
formed a tightly packed plug at the cut ends of earthworm
medial giant axons, which do functionally seal within 1 hr of
transection in physiological saline. Since we detect no single
continuous membrane that spans the cut end, sealing does
not appear to occur by the fusion of constricted axolemmal
membrane or the formation of a membranous partition at the
cut end. Rather, our data are consistent with the hypothesis
that a tightly packed vesicular plug is responsible for sealing
of earthworm giant axons.This work was supported in part by NIH Grant NS31256 and ONR Grant N00014-90-J-1137 to H.M.F., an NIAAA fellowship to T.L.K., and an ATP grant to G.D.B.Neuroscienc
Direct Use of Low Enthalpy Deep Geothermal Resources in the East African Rift Valley
Geothermal energy is already harnessed across East Africa to provide hundreds of megawatts of electricity, with significant plans for future expansion towards generation at the gigawatt scale. This power generation utilizes the high steam temperatures (typically more than 200 °C) that are available in several locations in Kenya, Ethiopia and elsewhere. The presence of these high enthalpy resources has deflected attention from the often attractive low and medium enthalpy resources present across a more extensive portion of the region. Geothermally heated water at cooler temperatures (less than 90 °C) could be widely produced by drilling shallower and cheaper boreholes than those required for power production. This low enthalpy resource could be widely exploitable throughout the Rift Valley, offering a low carbon, sustainable, reliable and commercially competitive source of heating, drying and cooling (via absorption chillers) to local farmers and growers, and for low temperature commercial and industrial uses. Applications of this type would displace expensive fossil fuels, reducing costs and carbon emissions as well as improving the region’s energy and food security. The power input for pump systems can be accommodated by relatively small generators, so direct heat projects could be beneficial to consumers in areas with no grid access
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