Effect of liming and organic materials on content of selected metals in of cocksfoot grown in soil contaminated with nickel

W dwuletnim doświadczeniu wazonowym badano wpływ wapnowania i stosowania odpadowych materiałów organicznych – słomy i węgla brunatnego na zawartość miedzi, cynku i żelaza w kupkówce pospolitej uprawianej na glebie w różnym stopniu zanieczyszczonej niklem. W I roku badań wapnowanie niejednoznacznie różnicowało zawartość metali w roślinach testowych, natomiast w roku II spowodowało wyraźne ich obniżenie. Dodanie słomy i węgla brunatnego spowodowało wzrost zawartości Cu i Fe w roślinach testowych w obu latach badań oraz Zn w II roku eksperymentu. Nie wykazano wpływu zróżnicowanej zawartości Ni w glebie na zawartość Cu i Zn w biomasie roślin testowych w obu latach badań. Antagonizm jonowy wykazano tylko między Ni i Fe.In two-year pot experiment, the effect of liming and application of organic waste materials, like straw and brown coal, on the content of copper, zinc and iron in the cocksfoot grown in soil contaminated with increasing rates of artificially applied nickel was studied. In the first year of the study liming did not affect the content of metals in the test plants, while in the decrease in the concentration of these metals. Application of straw and brown coal resulted in the increase content of Cu and Fe in the test plants in both years of the study, and Zn in the second year. Varying degrees of nickel contamination did not affect the content of Cu and Zn in the biomass of the test plants both years, and it has been shown that increasing the amount of Ni in the soil resulted in decrease of Fe amount in the grass

Frakcje cynku i miedzi w glebie zanieczyszczonej niklem

Soil subject to a three-year pot experiment was analyzed, in which the following factors were considered: (i) soil contamination with nickel (0, 75, 150 and 225 mg Ni kg⁻¹ of soil); (ii) liming (0 Ca and Ca in a dose calculated according to 1 Hh of soil); (iii) organic fertilization (with no organic fertilization, rye straw and brown coal from the Turów coalmine). The test plant was orchardgrass, which was harvested in the amount of four cuts each year of the experiment. The copper and zinc fractions were assessed using the BCR method, whereas the pH was calculated using the potentiometer method. The total content of copper and zinc in the analyzed soil did not exceed the values of the geochemical background of the soils of Poland. No impact of the varied content of nickel in the soil on the total content and distribution of Cu and Zn was found in the investigated fractions. Liming caused an increase in the total content of zinc in the analyzed soil and a decrease in the content of Cu and Zn in the F1 fraction. The straw and brown coal caused an increase in the content of both metals in the soil in the F3 fraction.Analizowano glebę po trzyletnim doświadczeniu wazonowym, w którym uwzględniono następujące czynniki: 1. zanieczyszczenie gleby niklem (0,75, 150 i 225 mg Ni kg⁻¹ gleby); 2. wapnowanie (0 Ca i Ca w dawce wyliczonej wg 1 Hh gleby); 3. nawożenie organiczne (bez nawożenia organicznego, słoma żytnia i węgiel brunatny pochodzący z kopalni w Turowie). Rośliną testowa była kupkówka pospolita, której w każdym roku eksperymentu zebrano po cztery pokosy. Frakcje miedzi i cynku oznaczono metodą BCR, a pH metodą potencjometryczną. Ogólna zawartość miedzi i cynku w analizowanej glebie nie przekraczała wartości tła geochemicznego gleb Polski. Nie wykazano wpływu zróżnicowanej ilości niklu w glebie na zawartość ogólną i rozmieszczenie Cu i Zn w wydzielonych frakcjach. Wapnowanie spowodowało zwiększenie ilości ogólnej cynku w analizowanej glebie oraz zmniejszenie udziału Cu i Zn we frakcji F₁. Słoma i węgiel brunatny spowodowały zwiększenie w glebie ilości obu metali oraz ich udziału we frakcji F₃

Content of magnesium and heavy metals fractions in selected natural fertilisers

Our objective has been to determine the total content of magnesium, iron, chromium and zinc, as well as the heavy metal fractions in selected natural fertilisers, such as swine and bovine manure and poultry litter from laying hens and broilers. The total content of the metals was determined by the ICP-AES method following dry mineralisation in a muffle furnace at 450°C and dissolving the ash in HCl (1:1). Fractions of Fe, Zn and Cr were isolated by the 3-step sequential fractionation method proposed by the Community Bureau of Reference (BCR). This study has shown that the analysed organic materials had different content of the determined metals. The largest amount of Mg was found in litter from laying hens and the largest amounts of Fe, Cr and Zn were in litter from broiler chickens. The smallest amount of Mg was found in swine manure, Fe and Cr were the least abundant in litter from laying hens, and the lowest Zn content was in bovine manure. The content of these four heavy metals was significantly differentiated by the origin of fertiliser. The exchangeable fraction F1 had the smallest share in the total Fe content among all the fertilisers. As for chromium, this fraction made the smallest contribution to the total Cr content in litter from laying hens and broilers while the reducible fraction F2 was the smallest part of the total content in both types of manure. Fraction F1 of zinc was the smallest in the total content in swine and bovine manure and while the oxidisable fraction F3 made up the smallest share in the total content of this metal in litter from broilers

Badanie wpływu odpadowych materiałów organicznych na aktywność dehydrogenaz w glebie zanieczyszczonej niklem

A four-year pot experiment was conducted at an experimental facility of the Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities; the experiment was set up in a random arrangement in three replications. The following factors were taken into account: I – organic fertilising (no organic fertiliser, sludge from the wastewater treatment plant in Siedlce, chicken litter and brown coal from the coal mine in Turów) at the dose of 2 g C kg⁻¹ of soil; II - liming (no liming and liming at a dose calculated for 1 Hh of soil as CaCO₃) ; III – contamination of soil with nickel at different levels (no nickel, 100 and 200 mg Ni kg⁻¹ of soil as aqueous solution of NiCI₂ 6H₂O). Orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata L.) was used as the test crop and was harvested four times during each vegetation season. The soil was analysed in each year of the experiment after the fourth (last) harvest of the test crop. All the factors had a significant diversifying impact on dehydrogenase activity in the soil in the years of the experiment. The addition of organic waste and liming increased the activity of the enzymes in question, whereas increasing the soil contamination with nickel to 200 mg Ni kg⁻¹ of soil had the opposite effect. The toxic impact of nickel was mitigated by the addition of organic fertilisation and liming

Effect of liming and addition of organic materials on yielding and levels of nitrogen, phosphorus and sulphur in biomass of cock's foot (Dactylis glomerata L.) grown under conditions of varied content of nickel in soil

A two-year pot experiment was conducted to estimate the effect of liming and application of waste materials on the yielding and on the content of certain nutrients in cock’s foot (Dactylis glomerata) grown at increasing doses (75, 150, 225 mg kg-1) of nickel in the soil. It was demonstrated that all the factors studied determined the yielding of the plant. A negative effect of nickel was observed, especially in the 1st year of the experiment, manifested in an inhibition of the growth and development of the test grass, mainly in treatments without liming. In treatments where lignite was added to the soil in the 1st year of the experiment, the toxicity of nickel was lower than in treatments with an addition of straw. In the 2nd year of the experiment no yield of cock’s foot biomass was obtained from those no-liming treatments in which the content of nickel was the highest. Liming had an effect on the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and sulphur in cock’s foot biomass, especially in the 2nd year of the experiment. The levels of those macroelements were somewhat higher in treatments with an addition of lignite compared to those with rye straw

The content of some heavy metals in edible mushrooms

Celem przeprowadzonych badań było oznaczenie zawartości żelaza, manganu, miedzi, cynku i niklu w grzybach leśnych – podgrzybku brunatnym (Xerocomus badius), a także pochodzących z upraw celowych – pieczarce białej i brązowej (Agaricus bisporus) oraz boczniaku ostrogowatym (Pleurotus ostreatus). Grzyby leśne pochodziły z kompleksów leśnych położonych w województwie mazowieckim w powiatach: siedleckim, sokołowskim, łosickim i łukowskim. Pieczarki białe i brązowe oraz boczniaki zakupiono w lokalnych sklepach sieci: „Społem”, „Topaz”, „Kaufland” i „Warzywniak”. Zawartość metali ogółem oznaczono metodą atomowej spektrometrii emisyjnej z plazmą indukcyjnie wzbudzoną, po wcześniejszej mineralizacji materiałów na „sucho” w piecu muflowym w temperaturze 450°C i rozpuszczeniu popiołu w 10% roztworze HCl. Największą średnią zawartość cynku i manganu ogółem zawierał podgrzybek brunatny, miedzi – pieczarka brązowa, niklu – pieczarka biała, a żelaza – boczniak ostrogowaty. Najmniejszą zawartość ogółem miedzi, cynku, i niklu oznaczono w boczniaku ostrogowatym, a żelaza i manganu w pieczarce białej. Przeprowadzona analiza statystyczna wykazała istotne zależności miedzy średnią zawartością żelaza i niklu oraz manganu i cynku w analizowanych grzybach, o czym świadczą wysokie wartości współczynników korelacji liniowej, odpowiednio – 0,77 i 0,86.The aim of the study was to determine the content of iron, manganese, copper, zinc and nickel in forest mushrooms (Xerocomus badius), as well as white and brown mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus) and oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus). The forest mushrooms came from the forest complexes located in the Mazovia voivodship in the Siedlce, Sokolow, Losice and Lukow counties. The white and brown mushrooms as well as oyster mushrooms were purchased at local chain stores. The total metals content was determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES), after prior “dry” mineralization of the materials in a muffle furnace at 450°C and dissolution of the obtained ash in a 10% HCl solution. The largest average total content of zinc and manganese was found in forest mushrooms, copper – brown mushrooms, nickel – white mushrooms, and iron – oyster mushrooms. The smallest total content of copper, zinc and nickel was determined in oyster mushrooms, and iron and manganese in white mushrooms. The statistical analysis showed significant relationships between the average iron and nickel content as well as manganese and zinc in the analyzed mushrooms, as evidenced by the high values of linear correlation coefficients, 0.77 and 0.86, respectively