Analisis Titik Pulang Pokok USAha Budidaya Lebah Madu “Jaya Makmur” di Desa Jono Oge Kecamatan Sigi Biromaru Kabupaten Sigi

This research was supposed to know amount of acquired profit and expended cost, to know a number of manufactured products and acquired income at breaking event point, and to know margin of safety therefore honey bee farming “Jaya Makmur” still got some profits. This research was coducted at honey bee farming “Jaya Makmur” in Jono Oge village, District of Sigi Biromaru, and Regency of Sigi on June to July 2015. Respondens are consisted of two person; they are the owner and the employee of honey bee farming “Jaya Makmur” were: (1) the acquired incomes of honey bee farming “Jaya Makmur” were: (a) for product of honey 850mg in amount of IDR 2.860.000/mount with production cost IDR 1.684.267/mount which generated profit in amount of IDR 1.175.733/mount. (b) for product of honey 400mg in amount of IDR 3.055.000/mount with production cost IDR 1.699.130/mount which generated profit in amount of IDR 1.355.870/mount. (2) the break event point for product of honey 850mg were achieve at production volume in total number 111 bottles with the price in amount of IDR 130.000/bottle, thus, the value of acquired income was IDR 1.430.000/mount. The break event point for product of honey 4050mg were achieve at production volume in total number 23 bottles with the price in amount of IDR 65.000/bottle the value of acquired income was IDR 1.495.000/mount. (3) margin of safety for product of honey 850mg was amount of 50.00% and for product of honey 450mg was in amount of 51.06%, which meant the maximum limited distance of decreasing sell of the second selling product was in ratio of MoS, therefore during the selling product was not decreased more than ratio MoS that meant this cultivation receive some profit

Analisis Nilai Tambah Bawang Merah Lokal Palu Menjadi Bawang Goreng di Kota Palu

The role of agroindustry to maintain the primary product into processing products to increase the added value is required. One of the solutions made is to increase the added value of local Palu onion become fried onions. This study aims to determine the added value of being processing the local Palu onion into fried onion which was conducted on Triple C Fried Onion Industry, Raja Bawang Fried Onion Industry and SAL-HAN Fried Onion Industry. The samples determined by intentionally (purposive), considering that these 3 industries categorized as home industry, small industry and middle industry. Respondents in this study was the leadership and employees of the company with a number of respondents as many as 11 people. The results showed that the added value obtained from fried Onion Industry at home level (Triple C fried onions Industry) of Rp.33.846.09 kg , small scale (Raja Bawang Fried Onion Industry) of Rp .39.117,40/kg and middle scale (SAL-HA Fried Onion Industry) of Rp.39.760/k

Stable isotope metabolomics of pulmonary artery smooth muscle and endothelial cells in pulmonary hypertension and with TGF-beta treatment.

Altered metabolism in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) and endothelial cells (PAECs) contributes to the pathology of pulmonary hypertension (PH), but changes in substrate uptake and how substrates are utilized have not been fully characterized. We hypothesized stable isotope metabolomics would identify increased glucose, glutamine and fatty acid uptake and utilization in human PASMCs and PAECs from PH versus control specimens, and that TGF-β treatment would phenocopy these metabolic changes. We used 13C-labeled glucose, glutamine or a long-chain fatty acid mixture added to cell culture media, and mass spectrometry-based metabolomics to detect and quantify 13C-labeled metabolites. We found PH PASMCs had increased glucose uptake and utilization by glycolysis and the pentose shunt, but no changes in glutamine or fatty acid uptake or utilization. Diseased PAECs had increased proximate glycolysis pathway intermediates, less pentose shunt flux, increased anaplerosis from glutamine, and decreased fatty acid β-oxidation. TGF-β treatment increased glycolysis in PASMCs, but did not recapitulate the PAEC disease phenotype. In TGF-β-treated PASMCs, glucose, glutamine and fatty acids all contributed carbons to the TCA cycle. In conclusion, PASMCs and PAECs collected from PH subjects have significant changes in metabolite uptake and utilization, partially recapitulated by TGF-β treatment

Genetic Patterns of Domestication in Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) and Wild Cajanus Relatives

Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) is an annual or short-lived perennial food legume of acute regional importance, providing significant protein to the human diet in less developed regions of Asia and Africa. Due to its narrow genetic base, pigeonpea improvement is increasingly reliant on introgression of valuable traits from wild forms, a practice that would benefit from knowledge of its domestication history and relationships to wild species. Here we use 752 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) derived from 670 low copy orthologous genes to clarify the evolutionary history of pigeonpea (79 accessions) and its wild relatives (31 accessions). We identified three well-supported lineages that are geographically clustered and congruent with previous nuclear and plastid sequence-based phylogenies. Among all species analyzed Cajanus cajanifolius is the most probable progenitor of cultivated pigeonpea. Multiple lines of evidence suggest recent gene flow between cultivated and non-cultivated forms, as well as historical gene flow between diverged but sympatric species. Evidence supports that primary domestication occurred in India, with a second and more recent nested population bottleneck focused in tropical regions that is the likely consequence of pigeonpea breeding. We find abundant allelic variation and genetic diversity among the wild relatives, with the exception of wild species from Australia for which we report a third bottleneck unrelated to domestication within India. Domesticated C. cajan possess 75% less allelic diversity than the progenitor clade of wild Indian species, indicating a severe ‘‘domestication bottleneck’’ during pigeonpea domestication

Aspergilloma of the lungs: Operative experience from Tikur Anbessa Hospital, Ethiopia

Background: Pulmonary aspergilloma represents a potentially life-threatening disease caused by saprophytic growth of Aspergillus fumigates in pulmonary cavities. This is the first report of its operative treatment from Ethiopia.The aim of this study was to determine the clinical presentations, operative treatments and post operative outcome of patients with pulmonary aspergilloma.Methods: This was a retrospective review of patients’ record with post operative diagnosis of pulmonary aspergilloma treated over a period of three years between April 2005-March 2008 at The Tikur Anbessa hospital which is a teaching and referral hospital in Addis Ababa.Results: Eleven patients were included, 81.8% of whom were males. Cough and hemoptysis were the two most common presenting symptoms, occurring in 11(100%) and 10(90.9%). The chest x-ray features typical for aspergilloma was seen in only 4(36.4%). The left lung was involved in 8(72.75%) and the upper lobes were the most commonly affected lobes occurring in 10 (90.9%). The most frequent clinical indication for surgery was severe hemoptysis in 8 (72.75%). Left upper lobectomy was the most frequently performed surgery in 4(36.4%) and left pneumonectomy in 3(27.3%). Four significant complications occurred in the postoperative period and one patient died, making the postoperative mortality 9.1%. Histopathologic confirmation of the fungal ball was possible in 10 patients and the most common underlying cavitary disease was tuberculosis in 9(90%).Conclusion: Aspergilloma is not an uncommon disease in Ethiopia and the diagnosis should be considered in patients who present with hemoptysis or chronic non-resolving cough. Surgery for pulmonary aspergilloma accounted for 5.8% of all thoracotomies done at the hospital and we have adopted the policy of early surgical treatment for all cases. In our series, the commonest lung pathology behind the aspergillus lesions was cavitary pulmonary tuberculosis, similar to many reports. Since the typical x/ray finding is not present in all patients, we believe that a supportive x/ray finding is sufficient enough an investigation to decide on early surgery in patients who present with suggestive symptoms

Impact of COVID-19 on Maternal Health Service Uptake and Perinatal Outcomes in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review.

Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) is a major global public health threat that has impeded health infrastructures in low- and middle-income countries. This systematic review examines the impact of COVID-19 on maternal health service uptake and perinatal outcomes in Sub-Saharan Africa. We searched four databases in August 2020 and updated the search on 22 December 2023: PubMed/MEDLINE, CINAHL, Maternity and Infant Care, and EMBASE. Data extraction was performed using a standardised Joana Briggs Institute data extraction format for the eligibility of articles, and any discrepancies were solved through discussion and consensus. This systematic review includes 36 studies that met the inclusion criteria. Antenatal care attendance and institutional childbirth significantly decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic, and home births increased. Fear of contracting the virus, a lack of transport, a shortage of logistic supplies, a lack of personal protective equipment, lockdown policies, economic and food security, stigmatisation of sick persons, long waiting times in the hospital, and health system weakness were barriers to accessing maternity care. The findings of this review showed a significant decrease in antenatal care attendance and institutional birth during the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on our findings, we recommend that stakeholders ensure the availability of essential medical supplies in the hospital

Impact of COVID-19 on antenatal care provision at public hospitals in the Sidama region, Ethiopia: A mixed methods study.

BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues to pose a global public health threat. The pandemic overstretched already weak health systems in low- and low-middle-income countries, including Ethiopia. There is a paucity of studies on the impact of COVID-19 on antenatal care access, uptake, and provision in Ethiopia. This study examines the impact of COVID-19 on antenatal care provision in the Sidama region, Ethiopia. METHODS: A concurrent mixed-methods study was conducted between 14 February and 10 May 2022 at 15 public hospitals in the Sidama region. An interrupted times series design was applied for a quantitative study, which included data from all pregnant women who attended antenatal care before COVID-19 (12 months, March 2019 to February 2020) and during COVID-19 (six months, March to August 2020) at 15 public hospitals in the region. The total numbers in the antenatal care 1 cohort (at least one antenatal care contact) and antenatal care 4 cohort (at least four antenatal care contacts) were 15,150 and 5,850, respectively, forming a combined final dataset of 21,000 women. Routinely collected monthly data were derived from the hospitals' health management information system and imported into Stata version 17 for analysis. The mean monthly incidence rate ratio of antenatal care uptake was calculated using a Poisson regression model with a 95% confidence interval. Simultaneously, an exploratory study design was conducted for qualitative using in-depth interviews to explore maternity care providers' perceptions of the impact of COVID-19 on antenatal care access, uptake, and provision. Qualitative data were thematically analysed. The quantitative and qualitative findings were then integrated using the joint display technique. RESULTS: Our findings indicate a significant monthly decrease of 0.7% in antenatal care 1 and 1.8% in antenatal care 4 during the first six months of the pandemic. A lack of medical supplies, fear of contracting COVID-19, inadequate personal protective equipment, discrimination against those attending the hospital, and the absence of antenatal care guidelines for care provision, COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and long waiting times for ANC led to disrupted access, uptake, and provision of antenatal care during COVID-19. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS: Our findings demonstrate that the COVID-19 pandemic affected antenatal care access, uptake, and provision in the study area from March to August 2020. To mitigate disrupted antenatal care access, uptake and provision, antenatal care clinics should be equipped with medical supplies. It is crucial to maintain rapport between the community and maternity care providers and provide training for maternity care providers regarding the adapted/adopted guidelines during COVID-19 at the hospital grassroots level for use in the current and future pandemics. Pregnant women should have timely access to maternity care providers in order to maintain at least a minimum standard of care in current and future pandemics

Impact of COVID-19 on intrapartum care at public hospitals in the Sidama region, Ethiopia: A mixed-methods study.

BACKGROUND: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has significantly impacted the health of pregnant women and their unborn babies. OBJECTIVE: To explore the impact of COVID-19 on intrapartum care in Ethiopia. DESIGN: A concurrent mixed-methods design was employed. METHODS: An interrupted time series analysis was implemented using a Poisson regression model to estimate monthly changes in the incidence rates of institutional childbirth, instrumental vaginal birth, caesarean section, stillbirth, institutional neonatal death, institutional maternal death and availability of essential medical supplies before and during COVID-19. The dataset included data from all women who gave birth in 15 public hospitals, and the total number of childbirths in the cohort study before COVID-19 (12 months of data from March 2019 to February 2020) was 24,478, while during COVID-19 (6 months of data from March to August 2020), the total number of childbirths in the cohort study was 11,966, forming a combined final dataset of 36,444. Simultaneously, a descriptive qualitative study using a purposive sampling technique was conducted through in-depth interviews until data saturation was reached, with data were collected from 14 February to 10 May 2022. Data from the interviews were imported into NVivo 12 Plus to perform an inductive thematic analysis. Quantitative and qualitative data were integrated using joint display methods to identify corroboration or contradiction between the different forms of evidence. RESULTS: Our findings indicate that the incidence rates of caesarean sections and instrumental vaginal births significantly increased in the first 6 months of COVID-19. Three themes were identified: 'Barriers to providing intrapartum care during COVID-19', 'Delays to provision of intrapartum care during COVID-19' and 'Inadequate COVID-19 preventive measures'. CONCLUSION: In combination, the three themes contributed to a considerable increase in neonatal and maternal deaths. Interventions such as fully equipped labour wards and obstetric triage systems are needed to restore disrupted maternal and perinatal care during the ongoing and future pandemics. In addition, stakeholders should inform the public that blood donations can help the community recover from recent shocks in emergency health and future pandemics. Further research should investigate the long-term impact of COVID-19 on maternity care and maternal and infant outcomes

Unintended pregnancy: magnitude and correlates in six urban sites in Senegal

BACKGROUND: In Senegal, unintended pregnancy has become a growing concern in public health circles. It has often been described through the press as a sensational subject with emphasis on the multiple infanticide cases as a main consequence, especially among young unmarried girls. Less scientific evidence is known on this topic, as fertility issues are rarely discussed within couples. In a context where urbanization is strong, economic insecurity is persistent and the population is globalizing, it is important to assess the magnitude of unintended pregnancy among urban women and to identify its main determinants. METHODS: Data were collected in 2011 from a representative sample of 9614 women aged 15–49 years in six urban sites in Senegal. For this analysis, we include 5769 women who have ever been pregnant or were pregnant at the time of the survey. These women were asked if their last pregnancy in the last two years was ‘wanted ’then’, ‘wanted later’ or ‘not wanted’. Pregnancy was considered as unintended if the woman responded ‘wanted later’ or ‘not wanted’. Descriptive analyses were performed to measure the magnitude of unintended pregnancies, while multinomial logistic regression models were used to identify factors associated with the occurrence of unintended pregnancy. The analyses were performed using Stata version 12. All results were weighted. RESULTS: The results show that 14.3% of ever pregnant women reported having a recent unintended pregnancy. The study demonstrates important distinctions between women whose last pregnancy was intended and those whose last pregnancy was unintended. Indeed, this last group is more likely to be poor, from a young age (< 25 years) and multiparous. In addition, it appears that low participation of married women in decision-making within the couple (management of financial resources) and the lack of discussion on family planning issues are associated with greater experience of unintended pregnancy. CONCLUSION: This study suggests a need to implement more targeted programs that guarantee access to family planning for all women in need. In urban areas that are characterized by economic insecurity, as in Senegal, it is important to consider strategies for promoting communication within couples on fertility issues