4,484 research outputs found
Studies of lower ionosphere drifts by the three-receiver technique
Determination of lower ionospheric drifts by three receiver techniqu
Geometric inequalities from phase space translations
We establish a quantum version of the classical isoperimetric inequality
relating the Fisher information and the entropy power of a quantum state. The
key tool is a Fisher information inequality for a state which results from a
certain convolution operation: the latter maps a classical probability
distribution on phase space and a quantum state to a quantum state. We show
that this inequality also gives rise to several related inequalities whose
counterparts are well-known in the classical setting: in particular, it implies
an entropy power inequality for the mentioned convolution operation as well as
the isoperimetric inequality, and establishes concavity of the entropy power
along trajectories of the quantum heat diffusion semigroup. As an application,
we derive a Log-Sobolev inequality for the quantum Ornstein-Uhlenbeck
semigroup, and argue that it implies fast convergence towards the fixed point
for a large class of initial states.Comment: 37 pages; updated to match published versio
Structured optical receivers to attain superadditive capacity and the Holevo limit
When classical information is sent over a quantum channel, attaining the
ultimate limit to channel capacity requires the receiver to make joint
measurements over long codeword blocks. For a pure-state channel, we construct
a receiver that can attain the ultimate capacity by applying a single-shot
unitary transformation on the received quantum codeword followed by
simultaneous (but separable) projective measurements on the
single-modulation-symbol state spaces. We study the ultimate limits of
photon-information-efficient communications on a lossy bosonic channel. Based
on our general results for the pure-state quantum channel, we show some of the
first concrete examples of codes and structured joint-detection optical
receivers that can achieve fundamentally higher (superadditive) channel
capacity than conventional receivers that detect each modulation symbol
individually.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
Solving Robust MDPs through No-Regret Dynamics
Reinforcement Learning is a powerful framework for training agents to
navigate different situations, but it is susceptible to changes in
environmental dynamics. However, solving Markov Decision Processes that are
robust to changes is difficult due to nonconvexity and size of action or state
spaces. While most works have analyzed this problem by taking different
assumptions on the problem, a general and efficient theoretical analysis is
still missing. However, we generate a simple framework for improving robustness
by solving a minimax iterative optimization problem where a policy player and
an environmental dynamics player are playing against each other. Leveraging
recent results in online nonconvex learning and techniques from improving
policy gradient methods, we yield an algorithm that maximizes the robustness of
the Value Function on the order of
where is the number of
iterations of the algorithm
Progress in Element Analysis on a High-Voltage Electron Microscope
X-Ray microprobe (XMA) and electron energy-loss (EELS) spectrometers have been installed on the high-voltage electron microscope (HVEM). The probe size has been measured and background reduction is in progress for XMA and EELS as are improvements in electron optics for EELS and sensitivity measurements.
XMA is currently useful for qualitative analysis and has been used by several investigators from our laboratory and outside laboratories. However, EELS background levels are still too high for meaningful results to be obtained. Standards suitable for biological specimens are being measured, and a library for quantitative analysis is being compiled
Pressure effects on charge, spin, and metal-insulator transitions in narrow bandwidth manganite PrCaMnO
Pressure effects on the charge and spin states and the relation between the
ferromagnetic and metallic states were explored on the small bandwidth
manganite PrCaMnO (x = 0.25, 0.3, 0.35). Under pressure,
the charge ordering state is suppressed and a ferromagnetic metallic state is
induced in all three samples. The metal-insulator transition temperature
(T) increases with pressure below a critical point P*, above which
T decreases and the material becomes insulating as at the ambient
pressure. The e electron bandwidth and/or band-filling mediate the
pressure effects on the metal-insulator transition and the magnetic transition.
In the small bandwidth and low doping concentration compound (x = 0.25), the
T and Curie temperature (T) change with pressure in a reverse way
and do not couple under pressure. In the x = 0.3 compound, the relation of
T and T shows a critical behavior: They are coupled in the range
of 0.8-5 GPa and decoupled outside of this range. In the x = 0.35
compound, T and T are coupled in the measured pressure range where
a ferromagnetic state is present
Application of Hertz Vector Diffraction Theory to the Diffraction of Focused Gaussian Beams and Calculations of Focal Parameters
Hertz vector diffraction theory is applied to a focused TEM00 Gaussian light field passing through a circular aperture. The resulting theoretical vector field model reproduces plane-wave diffractive behavior for severely clipped beams, expected Gaussian beam behavior for unperturbed focused Gaussian beams as well as unique diffracted-Gaussian behavior between the two regimes. The maximum intensity obtainable and the width of the beam in the focal plane are investigated as a function of the clipping ratio between the aperture radius and the beam width in the aperture plane
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