Effectiveness Efficiency and biochemical content of Physical and Chemical Mutagens in Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.)

In a mutation breeding experiment, in the CO-1 variety of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) the efficiency and effectiveness of physical and chemical mutagens viz., gamma rays, ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS), diethyl sulphate (DES) and Colchicine (COH) were examined. Gamma rays were found to be more effective than other mutagens in producing chlorophyll and viable mutants. The efficiency was observed based on lethality and injury. Gamma rays were found to be more effective than other treatments. The chlorophyll mutants viz., Albino, Viriscence and Xantha and viable mutants viz., plant type, days to maturity, early flowering, seed color, seed shape, pod shape & male sterility etc. were recorded with various frequencies.  The protein and oil content was recorded maximum at 50 KR of gamma rays.  ÂÂ

Effect of Gamma Rays, EMS, DES and COH on Protein and Oil Content in Soybean

AbstractThe present study is based on the observations of seed protein and oil content in four mutagenic generations of soybean variety CO 1. Ethyl methane sulphonate treatment showed high protein and oil content compared to other mutagenic treatments such as gamma rays, diethyl sulphate and colchicine.  Both increased and decreased content of protein and oil were observed.  According to our results   high content of protein and oil was observed at high mutagenic treatments. Increased level of seed protein and oil content was observed at 0.5% and 0.6% of EMS treatments and 50 KR of gamma rays. Department of Botany, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar – 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India---Please Cite This Article As: P. Pavadai, M. Girija and D. Dhanavel. 2010. Effect of Gamma Rays, EMS, DES and COH on Protein and Oil Content in Soybean. J. Exp. Sci. 2(4):47-50.Â

Effect of Gamma Rays on some Yield Parameters and Protein Content of Soybean in M2, M3 and M4 Generation

ABSTRACT: The effectiveness and efficiency, yield parameters and statistical analysis for M2, M3 and M4 generation of Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) using gamma rays treatment. Effectiveness and efficiency was recorded at increase for low concentration and decrease for high concentration level. The most of the treatment was positive shift was recorded. The statistical analysis such as variability, heritability and genetic advance as per cent of mean was recorded in high for treatment than the untreated plants for all the generation. 50KR of gamma rays treatment was effective than the other mutagenic treatments compared to control.   Key words: Soybean, Mutation, Effectiveness, Efficiency, Frequency ---Department of Botany, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar – 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India---Please Cite This Article As:P. Pavadai, M. Girija and D. Dhanavel. 2010. Effect of Gamma Rays on some Yield Parameters and Protein Content of Soybean in M2, M3 and M4 Generation. J. Exp. Sci. 1(6):08-11. Â

Microbial insight into rhizosphere of arecanut palms of Wayanad using metagenomics

The rhizosphere bacterial diversity of a plant is considered to play an essential role in mediating plant as well as soil health. An attempt to explore the bacterial diversity in the rhizosphere of arecanut palms in Wayanad was done to obtain an understanding of dominant bacterial phylotypes and the status of nutrient concentrations in rhizosphere soil and plants. Since arecanut production in Wayanad is facing a decline, a study to understand the rhizosphere conditions of healthy palms essentially provided insight into what strategies needed to be adopted for improvement of arecanut cultivation. The nutrient imbalance involving increased iron in soil and deficiencies of calcium, magnesium, zinc, and boron in the Arecanut rhizosphere was found to be an evident reason for the decline in production. Apart from that, the biological activities in the rhizosphere by the diversity of microorganisms were studied to understand the dominant bacterial phyla and genera present in the Arecanut rhizosphere. The presence of various important bacterial phyla like Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes revealed the presence of various beneficial soil microorganisms and emphasized the need to enhance or augment the population of native microflora for efficient nutrient cycling by increasing the organic content of the soil. Since organic carbon is an essential requirement to support bacterial diversity, proper management practice that encompasses organic carbon amendment along with proper nutritional management could enhance bacterial diversity as well as health of the arecanut palms. The study indicated that the dominant bacterial phyla contained various beneficial microorganisms that can be exploited for improving nutrient recycling in the arecanut rhizosphere

A system dynamics approach to evaluate advanced persistent threat vectors.

Cyber-attacks targeting high-profile entities are focused, persistent, and employ common vectors with varying levels of sophistication to exploit social-technical vulnerabilities. Advanced persistent threats (APTs) deploy zero-day malware against such targets to gain entry through multiple security layers, exploiting the dynamic interplay of vulnerabilities in the target network. System dynamics (SD) offers an alternative approach to analyze non-linear, complex, and dynamic social-technical systems. This research applied SD to three high-profile APT attacks - Equifax, Carphone, and Zomato - to identify and simulate socio-technical variables leading to breaches. By modeling APTs using SD, managers can evaluate threats, predict attacks, and reduce damage by mitigating specific socio-technical cues. This study provides valuable insights into the dynamics of cyber threats, making it the first to apply SD to APTs

SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERISATION AND APPLICATION OF PHENOL-FORMALDEHYDE RESIN BLENDED WITH SULPHONATED PHYLLANTHUS EMBLICA, LINN., CARBON

Phenol – Formaldehyde Resin (PFR) is blended with Sulphonated Phyllanthus emblica, Linn., Carbon (SPEC) in various proportions by weight percentage (0-50%w/w). A few composite cation-exchangers were prepared by varying the amount of SPEC (a source of cheap and renevable plant material) in the blends from 10 to 50% (w/w). Reaction conditions for the preparation of blends were optimised. IR spectra, TGA traces, and SEM photos were taken for the characterization of  resins. Physico-chemical, properties of the composite resins have been determined. The composites are insoluble in various solvents and reagents and stable towards heat.   Cation exchange capacity (CEC) of the composite resins, decreased with the increasing percentage of SPEC in the blend. Thermodynamic equilibrium constants (lnK) are calculated for H+ - Zn2+ exchanges on the resins having a different amount of SPEC. Thermodynamic parameters are also calculated and suitable explanations are given. The composites up to 20% (w/w) blending retains all the essential properties of the original PFR, since the Phyllanthus emblica, Linn., is the low cost, freely available plant material. Therefore, the composites could be used as low cost ion-exchangers, when SPEC partly replaces the original PFR up to 20% (w/w) blending without affecting the properties of PFR

Performance Comparisons of Routing Protocols in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) is a collection of wireless mobile nodes that dynamically form a network temporarily without any support of central administration. Moreover, Every node in MANET moves arbitrarily making the multi-hop network topology to change randomly at unpredictable times. There are several familiar routing protocols like DSDV, AODV, DSR, etc...which have been proposed for providing communication among all the nodes in the network. This paper presents a performance comparison of proactive and reactive protocols DSDV, AODV and DSR based on metrics such as throughput, packet delivery ratio and average end-to-end delay by using the NS-2 simulator.Comment: 9 Pages,10 Figures, 3 Table

Influence of slab connection on slenderness effects in slender rectangular RC beams

Slender reinforced concrete (RC) beams with narrow rectangular sections and no integral slab connections are commonly encountered in pre-cast construction, fascia and roof elements in buildings. Long and slender concrete beams are also encountered in prestressed concrete applications, typically in bridge girders, and instability failure have sometimes been observed during erection. More commonly, in concrete buildings, tanks, etc., slabs are integrally connected to the beams. Slenderness effects are not likely to be of concern if such slabs are located in the flexural compression zone of the beams. However, if the beams are very slender, and the slabs are located near the flexural tension zone, then slenderness effects can still be of significance, and need to be reckoned with in design. Such cases are commonly encountered in balcony construction and long cantilever beams, where “T-beam” action is absent and the beams are designed as rectangular beams in practice. This paper reports the results of experiments conducted to study the effect of slab connection on the flexural tension side of narrow rectangular beams. The test results establish that the presence of an integrally connected slab in the flexural tension zone enhances flexural stiffness, mainly in the vertical plane

16S rRNA gene taxonomic profiling of endophytic bacteria associated with phylaenopsis roots

Orchids are one of the main groups of ornamental plants commercially exploited. In the present study, we analyzed the diversity of bacterial community in Phalaenopsis root using metagenomic approach. The diversity of bacterial taxonomic category was assessed at different Operational Taxonomic Unit (OTU) levels using Ribosomal Database Project (RDP) pipeline and MG-RAST. At phylum level, Proteobacteria (61.34%) was the most dominant group followed by unclassified derived from bacteria (24.74%) and Actinobacteria (12.52%). Genus level analysis revealed the abundance of Rubrobacter, Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter. The study revealed that of the total species detected 50.83 per cent were unclassified, stressing the importance of metagenomics to assess the diversity of endophytes associated with orchid roots

Diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance, and metabolic syndrome in HIV-positive patients in South India

Insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus, and metabolic syndrome in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are increasingly being reported in the global medical literature. This cross-sectional study was done to describe the occurrence of metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus, and insulin resistance in HIV-positive patients in a tertiary referral center in South India. A total of 60 patients who had HIV infection for 12 months or more were enrolled in the study. Of these, 30 patients were antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naïve, and 30 were treated with ART. Biochemical estimations (fasting blood glucose, 75 g oral glucose tolerance test, lipid profile, and fasting insulin) and anthropometric measurements (height, weight, and waist circumference) were performed for each patient. Metabolic syndrome was diagnosed using National Cholesterol Education Program–Adult Treatment Plan III criteria, and insulin resistance was calculated applying the homeostasis model assessment method. Diabetes mellitus, impaired fasting glycemia, and impaired glucose tolerance were diagnosed based on American Diabetes Association criteria. A high prevalence of metabolic syndrome was observed in patients with HIV (16/60), and was more prevalent in the ART-treated group (13/30; P = 0.028). Similarly, insulin resistance was also noted to be high (24/60), and of these patients, 15 were on ART. Seventy-five percent of patients with metabolic syndrome had insulin resistance. Diabetes was diagnosed in one patient who was ART-naïve and in six patients who were on ART. Our observations suggest an increased prevalence of metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, and diabetes mellitus in ART-treated patients. These warrant attention and substantiation with larger studies. While ART improves survival, it may lead on to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, especially in the Indian subcontinent where there is a genetic predisposition to cardiovascular risk