Continuous and convergent access to vicinyl amino alcohols

Five active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) containing the vicinyl amino alcohol moiety were synthesized using a convergent chemical assembly system. The continuous system is composed of four flow reaction modules: biphasic oxidation, Corey-Chaykovsky epoxidation, phenol alkylation, and epoxide aminolysis. Judicious choice of reagents and module order allowed for two classes of [small beta]-amino alcohols, aryl and aryloxy, to be synthesized in good (27-69%) overall yields

The Show Must Go On: A Snapshot of Italian Academic Working Life during Mandatory Work from Home through the Results of a National Survey

During the COVID-19 pandemic, universities worldwide have provided continuity to research and teaching through mandatory work from home. Taking into account the specificities of the Italian academic environment and using the Job Demand-Resource-Recovery model, the present study provides, through an online survey, for the first time a description of the experiences of a large sample of academics (N = 2365) and technical and administrative staff (N = 4086) working in Italian universities. The study analyzes the main differences between genders, roles or work areas, in terms of some job demands, recovery experiences, and outcomes, all important dimensions to achieve goals 3, 4, and 5 of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. The results support the reflections on gender equality measures in universities and provide a general framework useful for further in-depth analysis and development of measures in order to improve well-being (SDG 3), quality of education (SDG 4), and gender equality (SDG 5)

COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF BASELINE OUTCOME BIOPREDICTORS IN YOUNGER PATIENTS WITH MANTLE CELL LYMPHOMA: THE ANCILLARY BIOLOGICAL STUDIES OF FONDAZIONE ITALIANA LINFOMI (FIL) MCL0208 CLINICAL TRIAL

Despite the improvement in therapeutic schedules, a relevant fraction of mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) patients still experience primary treatment failure. This is due to a deep biological heterogeneity, not adequately dissected by the clinical predictors alone, as the MIPI (MCL International Prognostic Index). The Fondazione Italiana Linfomi (FIL) MCL0208 trial (NCT02354313) is a prospective, randomized phase III trial comparing lenalidomide maintenance vs observation after an intensive citarabine containing chemo-immunotherapy followed by autologous transplantation in frontline MCL patients <66 years.[Ladetto, ASH 2018] Several biological ancillary studies were planned upfront, prospectively investigating the prognostic impact of putative biomarkers. Here we present a comprehensive analysis of the clinical impact of all the identified biopredictors

International differences in employee silence motives: Scale validation, prevalence, and relationships with culture characteristics across 33 Countries

Employee silence, the withholding of work-related ideas, questions, or concerns from someone who could effect change, has been proposed to hamper individual and collective learning as well as the detection of errors and unethical behaviors in many areas of the world. To facilitate cross-cultural research, we validated an instrument measuring four employee silence motives (i.e., silence based on fear, resignation, prosocial, and selfish motives) in 21 languages. Across 33 countries (N = 8,222) representing diverse cultural clusters, the instrument shows good psychometric properties (i.e., internal reliabilities, factor structure, measurement invariance). Results further revealed similarities and differences in the prevalence of silence motives between countries, but did not necessarily support cultural stereotypes. To explore the role of culture for silence, we examined relationships of silence motives with the societal practices cultural dimensions from the GLOBE Program. We found relationships between silence motives and power distance, institutional collectivism, and uncertainty avoidance. Overall, the findings suggest that relationships between silence and cultural dimensions are more complex than commonly assumed. We discuss the explanatory power of nations as (cultural) units of analysis, our social scientific approach, the predictive value of cultural dimensions, and opportunities to extend silence research geographically, methodologically, and conceptuallyinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Streamlining bioactive molecular discovery through integration and automation

The discovery of bioactive small molecules is generally driven via iterative design–make–purify–test cycles. Automation is routinely harnessed at individual stages of these cycles to increase the productivity of drug discovery. Here, we describe recent progress to automate and integrate two or more adjacent stages within discovery workflows. Examples of such technologies include microfluidics, liquid-handling robotics and affinity-selection mass spectrometry. The value of integrated technologies is illustrated in the context of specific case studies in which modulators of targets, such as protein kinases, nuclear hormone receptors and protein–protein interactions, were discovered. We note that to maximize impact on the productivity of discovery, each of the integrated stages would need to have both high and matched throughput. We also consider the longer-term goal of realizing the fully autonomous discovery of bioactive small molecules through the integration and automation of all stages of discovery

The Dynamic between Self-Efficacy and Emotional Exhaustion through Studyholism: Which Resources Could Be Helpful for University Students?

While university students have experienced increased stress, anxiety, and study obsession (studyholism) during the COVID-19 emergency, supportive university environments and academic self-efficacy (ASE) were found to be protective factors. However, the perception of overstudying could have impaired ASE’s protection against studyholism, akin to workaholism. Following the job-demands resource model, this contribution examines the moderating roles of study load and teaching staff support in the relationship between ASE and exhaustion, mediated by studyholism. 6736 students from 11 universities (69.8% females; Mean age 24.67 years) completed a self-report survey concerning various academic and life aspects. Results showed that ASE was partially mediated by studyholism in its negative relationship with exhaustion. Both study load and support moderate this relationship, although the interaction effect between studyholism and ASE is positive. Nonetheless, ASE plays a protective role for all levels of study load and support, while studyholism is confirmed to have a significant impact on exhaustion, both directly and through its mediating role. Considering the high scores of both studyholism and exhaustion in this sample, the enhancement of ASE should be complemented by teacher support centered around opportunities to review study strategies with the students and strong attention to preventive measures, such as in itinerant evaluation, which could enhance both the perception of positive support and strengthen ASE