In Vivo Simulation of the Purulent Peritonitis

Currently, purulent-inflammatory diseases of the abdominal organs are the prevalent causes of complications and mortality. Treatment of these diseases complicated by peritonitis is one of the urgent problems in modern clinical medicine. Experiment is important for testing new treatment methods. This article provides a systematic analysis of the current in vivo models of the purulent peritonitis, which are used to test the options for surgical treatment and combinations of antibacterial drugs. We describe the most common models as well as rare simulations of specific peritonitis. It should be noted that despite the wide use of minimally invasive techniques, the literature has few reports on simulation of peritonitis through the laparoscopic approach

In Vivo Modeling of Complicated Necrotizing Enterocolitis

Introduction: There is no adequate and easily reproducible model of complicated necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) that allows to study its etiopathogenesis and test various surgical treatment options in an experiment.Objective: To devise a method for in vivo modeling of complicated NEC using laparoscopy.Materials and methods: Our study was conducted at the premises of the Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Oncology (Scientific Research Institute of Experimental Medicine, Kursk State Medical University) in compliance with international ethical standards and guidelines for humane animal treatment. Fifteen immature male rabbits underwent laparoscopy under inhalation anesthesia and then subserosal injection of damaging solutions (33% H2O2, 10% CaCl2, 4% KCl, 70% C2H5OH, 10% CH2O) into the intestinal wall. In 24 hours, we performed laparotomy, assessed pathological changes visually, and resected the section of the intestinal tube at the injection site. Then we performed a single­layer end­to­end intestinal anastomosis. Histological samples were made from a biopsy specimen. Morphological assessment of the changes was performed.Results: The most pronounced macro­ and microscopic changes were found in the animals injected with hydrogen peroxide. We assessed changes in the abdominal cavity 24 hours since the start of modeling and observed a pattern of partial intestinal obstruction and serous peritonitis. The morphological pattern was characterized by acute circulatory disorder in the intestinal wall with ulcerative necrotic defects and perforations.Conclusions: Based on morphological manifestations we devised a method for modeling complicated NEC using laparoscopy. It is easily reproducible in an in vivo experiment, close to the clinical situation, and allows to simulate typical morphological changes during severe NEC

A mixed integer programming model for long term capacity expansion planning: A case study from The Hunter Valley Coal Chain

The Hunter Valley Coal Chain is the largest coal export operation in the world with a throughput in excess of 100 million tonnes per annum (Mtpa). Coal is delivered to the shipping terminal from 40 mines using 27 coal load points spread across the Hunter Valley region. This paper describes an MILP model for determining the capacity requirements, and the most cost effective capacity improvement initiatives, to meet demand while minimising the total cost of infrastructure and demurrage. We present results from computational experiments on the model's performance along with a comparison of the model's output with detailed analyses by the coal chain analysts and planners

In Vivo Simulation of the Purulent Peritonitis

Currently, purulent-inflammatory diseases of the abdominal organs are the prevalent causes of complications and mortality. Treatment of these diseases complicated by peritonitis is one of the urgent problems in modern clinical medicine. Experiment is important for testing new treatment methods. This article provides a systematic analysis of the current in vivo models of the purulent peritonitis, which are used to test the options for surgical treatment and combinations of antibacterial drugs. We describe the most common models as well as rare simulations of specific peritonitis. It should be noted that despite the wide use of minimally invasive techniques, the literature has few reports on simulation of peritonitis through the laparoscopic approach.</jats:p

Leakage of Intestinal Anastomoses: A New Solution to the Old Problem

Leakage of intestinal anastomoses remains an issue in view of the increasing number of patients who need reconstructive interventions in different parts of the gastrointestinal tract. Researchers around the world are actively looking for methods of strengthening intestinal anastomoses. The literature presents various approaches to sealing intestinal anastomoses in experimental animals using allografts, biological sealants, polymer film materials, etc. This article classifies and analyzes innovative methods of strengthening intestinal anastomoses to prevent their leakage. We also describe a concept of developing polymer membranes for interventions on hollow organs and our experience in this field of work and making of medical devices at the premises of a university research laboratory