Uso de pacientes estandarizados para la adquisición de conocimientos teórico-clínicos en estudiantes de pregrado

ResumenLa práctica docente obliga a innovar con metodologías que faciliten el aprendizaje y resguarden los principios éticos que fundamentan el quehacer profesional, como es el caso del uso de los pacientes estandarizados (PE).ObjetivoEvaluar el efecto en los conocimientos sobre esquizofrenia y trastornos del ánimo de una intervención que combina clases teóricas estandarizadas y uso de PE en estudiantes universitarios de pregrado de la asignatura de enfermería psiquiátrica.MétodoDiseño cuantitativo descriptivo sobre un universo de 157 estudiantes de enfermería de quinto y sexto semestre de formación. La recolección de los datos se realizó a través de un instrumento de medición de conocimientos sometido a pruebas de validación de contenido. Para el análisis de los datos se utilizó el programa SPSS®.ResultadosAl medir el efecto de la intervención en la adquisición de conocimientos, se observa que la metodología de clase estandarizada incrementa en promedio un 34% los conocimientos de los estudiantes y el uso de PE contribuye con sobre un 10% adicional. Al combinar ambas estrategias, los conocimientos de los estudiantes se incrementan en 49.3% y 41.9% para esquizofrenia y trastornos del ánimo respectivamente, sin que el estudiante participe de otra instancia de estudio o profundización de los contenidos.ConclusiónEl uso de estrategias metodológicas combinadas contribuye a la adquisición de los conocimientos necesarios para la formación de estudiantes de pregrado de enfermería psiquiátrica.AbstractTeaching needs to innovate with methodologies which foster learning while, at the same time, maintain the ethical principles which give base to the professional activities. Such is the case of the use of standardized patients (SP).ObjectiveTo assess the effects of an intervention which combines standardized theoretical classes with the use of SP, on the knowledge which undergraduate students, undergoing their psychiatric nursing subject, have on schizophrenia and mood disorders.MethodThis was a qualitative and descriptive study on a universe of 157 nursing students from the fifth and sixth semesters of their program. Data collection was conducted through a knowledge assessment instrument which was submitted to content validity tests. The SPSS® program was used to analyze these data.ResultsFrom the intervention, it was observed that the methodology of standardized class increments in an average of 34% the students’ knowledge, while the use of SP contributes with an additional 10%. When combining both methodologies, and without any other content-deepening technique, the students’ knowledge on schizophrenia increased 49.4% while their knowledge on mood disorders increased 41.9%.ConclusionThe use of combined methodological strategies contributes to the acquisition of formation-needed knowledge by undergraduate psychiatric nursing students

Iodine-129 in Seawater Offshore Fukushima: distribution, inorganic speciation, sources, and budget.

The Fukushima nuclear accident in March 2011 has released a large amount of radioactive pollutants to the environment. Of the pollutants, iodine-129 is a long-lived radionuclide and will remain in the environment for millions of years. This work first report levels and inorganic speciation of 129I in seawater depth profiles collected offshore Fukushima in June 2011. Significantly elevated 129I concentrations in surface water were observed with the highest 129I/127I atomic ratio of 2.2 &times; 10&minus;9 in the surface seawater 40 km offshore Fukushima. Iodide was found as the dominant species of 129I, while stable 127I was mainly in iodate form, reflecting the fact that the major source of 129I is the direct liquid discharges from the Fukushima NPP. The amount of 129I directly discharged from the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant to the sea was estimated to be 2.35 GBq, and about 1.09 GBq of 129I released to the atmosphere from the accident was deposited in the sea offshore Fukushima. A total release of 8.06 GBq (or 1.2 kg) of 129I from the Fukushima accident was estimated. These Fukushimaderived 129I data provide necessary information for the investigation of water circulation and geochemical cycle of iodine in the northwestern Pacific Ocean in the future.</p