The balanced Voronoi formulas for GL(n)

In this paper we show how the GL(N) Voronoi summation formula of [MiSc2] can be rewritten to incorporate hyper-Kloosterman sums of various dimensions on both sides. This generalizes a formula for GL(4) with ordinary Kloosterman sums on both sides that was considered by Xiaoqing Li and the first-named author, and later by the second-named author in [Zho]

Development of a super ductile diecast Al-Mg-Si alloy

This is the post-print version of the final paper published in Materials Science and Engineering A. The published article is available from the link below. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. Copyright @ 2012 Elsevier B.V.The super ductile diecast aluminium alloys have been developed particularly for application in automotive body structure. On the basis of the reviewing aluminium alloys currently available, the requirement of diecast aluminium alloys is summarized and the Al-Mg-Si system is focused in the development. The effect of various alloying elements on the microstructure and the mechanical properties, such as yield strength, ultimate tensile strength and elongation is assessed. The optimized composition of the super ductile Al-Mg-Si alloy has been found to be at 5.0-5.5wt% Mg, 1.5-2.0wt% Si, 0.5-0.7wt% Mn, 0.15-0.2wt% Ti with Fe <0.25wt% for the best combination of strength and ductility, which shows 150MPa of yield strength, 300MPa of ultimate tensile strength, and 15% of elongation under as-cast condition. The paint baking hardenability of the optimized alloy is found to be insignificant. Less than a 10% increase in the yield strength was achieved, with a slight decrease in the elongation after aging at 180°C for 30min, which is a simulated process of paint baking. Cu is found to slightly increase the yield strength under the as-cast condition and after the heat treatment, but with a significant reduction in the ductility. Therefore, Cu should be limited in the super ductile aluminium alloy. The microstructure of diecast aluminium alloys at the optimized composition consists of the primary α-Al phase, the α-AlFeMnSi intermetallics and the Al-Mg Si eutectics. There are two types of primary α-Al phase: dendritic or fragmented dendritic α-Al phase solidified in the shot sleeve and globular α-Al particles solidified in the die cavity. The α-AlFeMnSi intermetallics is in the form of compact morphology and with a size of less than 3μm. The eutectic cells are at size of 10μm with a typical lamellar morphology of α-Al phase and Mg Si phase.EPSRC and JLRUK

Differential Dynamic Programming for time-delayed systems

Trajectory optimization considers the problem of deciding how to control a dynamical system to move along a trajectory which minimizes some cost function. Differential Dynamic Programming (DDP) is an optimal control method which utilizes a second-order approximation of the problem to find the control. It is fast enough to allow real-time control and has been shown to work well for trajectory optimization in robotic systems. Here we extend classic DDP to systems with multiple time-delays in the state. Being able to find optimal trajectories for time-delayed systems with DDP opens up the possibility to use richer models for system identification and control, including recurrent neural networks with multiple timesteps in the state. We demonstrate the algorithm on a two-tank continuous stirred tank reactor. We also demonstrate the algorithm on a recurrent neural network trained to model an inverted pendulum with position information only.Comment: 7 pages, 6 figures, conference, Decision and Control (CDC), 2016 IEEE 55th Conference o

Chinese peasant entrepreneurs: an examination of township and village

One of the greatest achievements in China's economic reform is the development of rural township and village enterprises (TVEs). Their importance in the national economy can be seen from the fact that by the end of 1993, TVEs accounted for nearly one third of the agricultural labour force, and one fifth of the total labour force nationwide. Despite some research attention being given to Chinese TVEs, the peasant entrepreneurs, owners and /or managers of these enterprises have remained largely unknown in the West. Who are they? Where are they from? What are their unique characteristics which distinguish them from both managers in the state-owned Chinese enterprises (SOEs) and small business owners /entrepreneurs in the West? What environmental factors contribute to the shaping of these characteristics? What are the problems faced by them and the possible solutions? This paper addresses these questions