Sustainability, Globalization, and the Energy Sector Europe in a Global Perspective

International audienceThis paper analyzes the socio-economic effects of energy sustainability challenges raised by oil depletion and climate change at the European and global level. We assess macroeconomic impacts at different time horizons over 2010-2100 and under different visions of the future of globalization . Fragmented capital markets affect the pace and direction of change and induce additional economic losses in the long term. Regionalized good markets have a positive effect in the long term since less intense international trade moderates the effects of fossil fuel constraints. A sustainable energy future will require implementing policies and measures that are able to (i) provide correct incentives for long-term investments by resorting to other signals than current market prices, (ii) incorporate sectoral measures that act complementarily to pricing schemes measures for sectors confronted with biased agents’ behaviors or strong inertias, (iii) foster globalization patterns that are consistent with energy sustainability objectives. The challenge consists in articulating the objectives and the instruments of these different policy and measures triggering the transition towards sustainable future

Protein Phosphatase 1 Beta is Modulated by Chronic Hypoxia and Involved in the Angiogenic Endothelial Cell Migration

Background/Aim: Endothelial cell migration is required for physiological angiogenesis, but also contributes to various pathological conditions, including tumour vascularization. The mRNA expression of PP1cβ, the beta isoform of the catalytic PP1 subunit, was shown to be upregulated in chronic hypoxia. Since hypoxia is a major regulator of angiogenesis, the potential role of PP1cβ in angiogenesis was investigated. Methods: We examined PP1cβ protein level in pediatric heart following chronic hypoxia and found PP1cβ upregulation in cyanotic compared with acyanotic myocardium. By treating HUVEC cells with hypoxia mimicking agent, PP1cβ protein level increased with maximum at 8 hours. The effect of PP1cβ pharmacological inhibition, knockdown and overexpression, on endothelial cell migration and morphogenesis, was examined using in vitro wound healing scratch assay and endothelial tube formation assay. The PP1cβ knockdown effects on F-actin reorganization (phalloidin staining), focal adhesion formation (vinculin) and focal adhesion kinases (FAK) activation, were evaluated by immunocytochemical staining and immunoblotting with specific antibodies. Results: PP1cβ knockdown significantly reduces endothelial cell migration, but does not have any significant effect on endothelial tube formation. Endothelial cell migration in the knockdown group is restored to the control level upon consecutive transfection with PP1cβ cDNA. PP1cβ overexpression does not significantly affect endothelial cell migration. Furthermore, PP1cβ knockdown induces profound cytoskeletal reorganization, loss of focal adhesion sites and impairment of focal adhesion kinases (FAK) activation. Conclusions: PP1cβ is regulator of endothelial cell migration, which is critical in the angiogenic process. PP1cβ inhibition reduces endothelial cell migration through focal adhesion turnover and actin polymerization pathways

Cliophysics: Socio-political Reliability Theory, Polity Duration and African Political (In)stabilities

Quantification of historical sociological processes have recently gained attention among theoreticians in the effort of providing a solid theoretical understanding of the behaviors and regularities present in sociopolitical dynamics. Here we present a reliability theory of polity processes with emphases on individual political dynamics of African countries. We found that the structural properties of polity failure rates successfully capture the risk of political vulnerability and instabilities in which 87.50%, 75%, 71.43%, and 0% of the countries with monotonically increasing, unimodal, U-shaped and monotonically decreasing polity failure rates, respectively, have high level of state fragility indices. The quasi-U-shape relationship between average polity duration and regime types corroborates historical precedents and explains the stability of the autocracies and democracies.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, 1 tabl

Structural and magnetic properties of Co2MnSi thin films

Co2MnSi (CMS) films of different thicknesses (20, 50, and 100 nm) were grown by radio frequency (RF) sputtering on a-plane sapphire substrates. Our X-rays diffraction (XRD) study shows that, in all the samples, the cubic 〈110〉 CMS axis is normal to the substrate and that six well defined preferential in-plane orientations are present. Static and dynamic magnetic properties were investigated using vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) and microstrip line ferromagnetic resonance (MS-FMR), respectively. From the resonance measurements versus the direction and the amplitude of an applied magnetic field, most of the magnetic parameters are derived, i.e.: the magnetization, the gyromagnetic factor, the exchange stiffness coefficient, and the magnetic anisotropy terms. The in-plane anisotropy results from the superposition of two terms showing a twofold and a fourfold symmetry, respectively. The observed behavior of the hysteresis loops is in agreement with this complex form of the in-plane anisotropy.International audienceCo2MnSi (CMS) films of different thicknesses (20, 50, and 100 nm) were grown by radio frequency (RF) sputtering on a-plane sapphire substrates. Our X-rays diffraction (XRD) study shows that, in all the samples, the cubic 〈110〉 CMS axis is normal to the substrate and that six well defined preferential in-plane orientations are present. Static and dynamic magnetic properties were investigated using vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) and microstrip line ferromagnetic resonance (MS-FMR), respectively. From the resonance measurements versus the direction and the amplitude of an applied magnetic field, most of the magnetic parameters are derived, i.e.: the magnetization, the gyromagnetic factor, the exchange stiffness coefficient, and the magnetic anisotropy terms. The in-plane anisotropy results from the superposition of two terms showing a twofold and a fourfold symmetry, respectively. The observed behavior of the hysteresis loops is in agreement with this complex form of the in-plane anisotropy

UNDRAINED BEARING CAPACITY OF EMBEDDED STRIP FOOTINGS UNDER VERTICAL AND HORIZONTAL LOADS

This paper is concerned with the undrained bearing capacity of embedded strip footing under inclined loading (i.e. combined vertical and horizontal). A series of numerical computations using the finite-difference code Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continua (FLAC) was carried out to evaluate the failure envelopes in vertical force – horizontal force (V-H) plane, using both probe and swipe analyses. The adopted approach involves a numerical solution of the equations governing elasto-plastic soils. The soil is modeled by an elasto-plastic model with a Tresca criterion. The results are presented in terms of the failure envelope in vertical and horizontal loading plane.