Design and finite element mode analysis of noncircular gear

The noncircular gear transmission is an important branch of the gear transmission, it is characterized by its compact structure, good dynamic equilibration and other advantages, and can be used in the automobile, engineering machine, ship, machine tool, aviation and spaceflight field etc. Studying on the dynamics feature of noncircular gear transmission can improve the ability to carry loads of, reduce the vibration and noise of, increase the life of the noncircular gear transmission machine, provides guidance for the design of the noncircular gear, and has significant theories and practical meanings. In this paper, the gear transmission technique is used to studied the design method of the noncircular gear, which contains distribution of teeth on the pitch curve, designs of the tooth tip curve and the tooth root curve, design of the tooth profile curve, the gear system dynamics principle is introduced to establish dynamics model for the noncircular gear; basic theory of finite element and mode analysis method are applied, finite element model for the noncircular gear is established, natural vibration characteristic of the noncircular gear is studied. And the oval gear is taken as an example, the mathematics software MathCAD, the 3D modeling software UG and the finite element software ABAQUS are used to realize precise 3D model of the oval gear. The finite element method is used, the natural vibration characteristic of the oval gear is studied, the main vibration types and natural frequencies of the oval gear and that of the equivalent cylindrical gears are analyzed and compared, the conclusions received reflect the dynamics performance of the oval gear, and solid foundation is laid for dynamics research and engineering application of the oval gear transmission

Design and analytically full-wave validation of the invisibility cloaks, concentrators, and field rotators created with a general class of transformations

We investigate a general class of electromagnetic devices created with any continuous transformation functions by rigorously calculating the analytical expressions of the electromagnetic field in the whole space. Some interesting phenomena associated with these transformation devices, including the invisibility cloaks, concentrators, and field rotators, are discussed. By carefully choosing the transformation function, we can realize cloaks which are insensitive to perturbations at both the inner and outer boundaries. Furthermore, we find that when the coating layer of the concentrator is realized with left-handed materials, energy will circulate between the coating and the core, and the energy transmits through the core of the concentrator can be much bigger than that transmits through the concentrator. Therefore, such concentrator is also a power flux amplifier. Finally, we propose a spherical field rotator, which functions as not only a wave vector rotator, but also a polarization rotator, depending on the orientations of the spherical rotator with respect to the incident wave direction. The functionality of these novel transformation devices are all successfully confirmed by our analytical full wave method, which also provides an alternate computational efficient validation method in contrast to numerical validation methods.Comment: 22 pages, 3 figure

Current Oscillations, Interacting Hall Discs and Boundary CFTs

In this paper, we discuss the behavior of conformal field theories interacting at a single point. The edge states of the quantum Hall effect (QHE) system give rise to a particular representation of a chiral Kac-Moody current algebra. We show that in the case of QHE systems interacting at one point we obtain a ``twisted'' representation of the current algebra. The condition for stationarity of currents is the same as the classical Kirchoff's law applied to the currents at the interaction point. We find that in the case of two discs touching at one point, since the currents are chiral, they are not stationary and one obtains current oscillations between the two discs. We determine the frequency of these oscillations in terms of an effective parameter characterizing the interaction. The chiral conformal field theories can be represented in terms of bosonic Lagrangians with a boundary interaction. We discuss how these one point interactions can be represented as boundary conditions on fields, and how the requirement of chirality leads to restrictions on the interactions described by these Lagrangians. By gauging these models we find that the theory is naturally coupled to a Chern-Simons gauge theory in 2+1 dimensions, and this coupling is completely determined by the requirement of anomaly cancellation.Comment: 32 pages, LateX. Uses amstex, amssymb. Typos corrected. To appear in Int. J. Mod. Phys.

Study on the interaction between CaO-based sorbents and coal ash in calcium looping process

Calcium looping (CaL), implemented via cyclic carbonation and calcination of calcium-based sorbents, is a novel and promising technology in reducing emissions of CO2 into the atmosphere. The reactivity of CaO is important in calcium looping, but its CO2 sorption will be affected by the presence of ash deriving from coal combustion in the calciner. We report here, the investigation of influence of coal-derived ash on CaO-based sorbents using a thermogravimetric analyzer and a combination of other techniques. As a result of this work, our understanding of the role of several key variables (sorbent type, ash content and its particle size, the calcination conditions) and how they interact during repeated cycles of CO2 sorption and desorption, has been greatly enhanced. Furthermore, an attempt was made to explain the interaction mechanism between sorbents and coal-derived ash. It is proposed that the blockage of pores blow 3 nm due to ash deposition and subsequent grains agglomeration are the main reason for CaO-based sorbents' loss in CO2 carrying capacity

B(s)0B^0_{(s)}-mixing matrix elements from lattice QCD for the Standard Model and beyond

We calculate---for the first time in three-flavor lattice QCD---the hadronic matrix elements of all five local operators that contribute to neutral $B^0$- and $B_s$-meson mixing in and beyond the Standard Model. We present a complete error budget for each matrix element and also provide the full set of correlations among the matrix elements. We also present the corresponding bag parameters and their correlations, as well as specific combinations of the mixing matrix elements that enter the expression for the neutral $B$-meson width difference. We obtain the most precise determination to date of the SU(3)-breaking ratio $\xi = 1.206(18)(6)$, where the second error stems from the omission of charm sea quarks, while the first encompasses all other uncertainties. The threefold reduction in total uncertainty, relative to the 2013 Flavor Lattice Averaging Group results, tightens the constraint from $B$ mixing on the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) unitarity triangle. Our calculation employs gauge-field ensembles generated by the MILC Collaboration with four lattice spacings and pion masses close to the physical value. We use the asqtad-improved staggered action for the light valence quarks, and the Fermilab method for the bottom quark. We use heavy-light meson chiral perturbation theory modified to include lattice-spacing effects to extrapolate the five matrix elements to the physical point. We combine our results with experimental measurements of the neutral $B$-meson oscillation frequencies to determine the CKM matrix elements $|V_{td}| = 8.00(34)(8) \times 10^{-3}$, $|V_{ts}| = 39.0(1.2)(0.4) \times 10^{-3}$, and $|V_{td}/V_{ts}| = 0.2052(31)(10)$, which differ from CKM-unitarity expectations by about 2$\sigma$. These results and others from flavor-changing-neutral currents point towards an emerging tension between weak processes that are mediated at the loop and tree levels.Comment: 75 pp, 17 figs. Ver 2 fixes typos; corrects mistakes resulting in slight changes to results, correlation matrices; updates decay constants to agree with recent PDG update; corrects uncertainties for tree-level CKM matrix elements used in comparison, slightly reducing tensions; includes additional analyses that support mostly-nonperturbative matching; expands discussion of isospin-breaking effect

Pairing in the iron arsenides: a functional RG treatment

We study the phase diagram of a microscopic model for the superconducting iron arsenides by means of a functional renormalization group. Our treatment establishes a connection between a strongly simplified two-patch model by Chubukov et al. and a five-band- analysis by Wang et al.. For a wide parameter range, the dominant pairing instability occurs in the extended s-wave channel. The results clearly show the relevance of pair scattering between electron and hole pockets. We also give arguments that the phase transition between the antiferromagnetic phase for the undoped system and the superconducting phase may be first order