9 research outputs found
The use of electric fields for edible coatings and films development and production: A review
Edible films and coatings can provide additional
protection for food, while being a fully biodegradable,
environmentally friendly packaging system. A diversity of
raw materials used to produce edible coatings and films are
extracted from marine and agricultural sources, including
animals and plants. Electric fields processing holds advantage
in producing safe, wholesome and nutritious food.
Recently, the presence of a moderate electric field during
the preparation of edible coatings and films was shown to
influence their main properties, demonstrating its usefulness
to tailor edible films and coatings for specific applications.
This manuscript reviews the main aspects of the use of
electric fields in the production of edible films and coatings,
including the effect in their transport and mechanical
properties, solubility and microstructure.Fundação para a CiĂŞncia e a Tecnologia (FCT), Portugal.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de NĂvel Superior (CAPES), Brasil
CHLOROPHYLL ONE-ELECTRON PHOTOCHEMISTRY: LIGHT-INDUCED ABSORBANCE CHANGES AND ESR SIGNALS FOR VARIOUS PORPHYRIN-QUINONE AND HYDROQUINONE SYSTEMS IN ALCOHOL SOLVENTS
The use of new probes and stains for improved assessment of cell viability and extracellular polymeric substances in Candida albicans biofilms
Phenotypic and genotypic cell differentiation is considered an important feature that confers enhanced antifungal resistance in candidal biofilms. Particular emphasis has been placed in this context on the viability of biofilm subpopulations, and their heterogeneity with regard to the production of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). We therefore assessed the utility of two different labeled lectins Erythrina cristagalli (ECA) and Canavalia ensiformis (ConA), for EPS visualization. To evaluate the viability of candidal biofilms, we further studied combination stains, SYTO9 and propidium iodide (PI). The latter combination has been successfully used to assess bacterial, but not fungal, viability although PI alone has been previously used to stain nuclei in fungal cells. Candida albicans biofilms were developed in a rotating disc biofilm reactor and observed in situ using confocal scanning laser microscopy (CSLM). Our data indicate that SYTO9 and PI are reliable vital stains that may be used to investigate C. albicans biofilms. When used together with ConA, the lectin ECA optimized EPS visualization and revealed differential production of this material in mature candidal biofilms. The foregoing probes and stains and the methodology described should help better characterize C. albicans biofilms in terms of cell their viability, and EPS production. © Springer 2005.link_to_subscribed_fulltex
Alternative parameter choices for multi-step quasi-Newton methods
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