27,396 research outputs found
Observation of the Faraday effect via beam deflection in a longitudinal magnetic field
We report the observation of the magnetic field induced circular differential
deflection of light at the interface of a Faraday medium. The difference in the
angles of refraction or reflection between the two circular polarization
components is a function of the magnetic field strength and the Verdet
constant. The reported phenomena permit the observation of the Faraday effect
not via polarization rotation in transmission, but via changes in the
propagation direction in refraction or in reflection. An unpolarized light beam
is predicted to split into its two circular polarization components. The light
deflection arises within a few wavelengths at the interface and is therefore
independent of pathlength
Statistics of the Kolkata Paise Restaurant Problem
We study the dynamics of a few stochastic learning strategies for the
'Kolkata Paise Restaurant' problem, where N agents choose among N equally
priced but differently ranked restaurants every evening such that each agent
tries get to dinner in the best restaurant (each serving only one customer and
the rest arriving there going without dinner that evening). We consider the
learning strategies to be similar for all the agents and assume that each
follow the same probabilistic or stochastic strategy dependent on the
information of the past successes in the game. We show that some 'naive'
strategies lead to much better utilization of the services than some relatively
'smarter' strategies. We also show that the service utilization fraction as
high as 0.80 can result for a stochastic strategy, where each agent sticks to
his past choice (independent of success achieved or not; with probability
decreasing inversely in the past crowd size). The numerical results for
utilization fraction of the services in some limiting cases are analytically
examined.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figs; accepted in New J Phy
Hydrodynamic lubrication of rigid nonconformal contacts in combined rolling and normal motion
A numerical solution to the problem of hydrodynamic lubrication of rigid point contacts with an isoviscous, incompressible lubricant was obtained. The hydrodynamic load-carrying capacity under unsteady (or dynamic) conditions arising from the combined effects of squeeze motion superposed upon the entraining motion was determined for both normal approach and separation. Superposed normal motion considerably increases net load-carrying capacity during normal approach and substantially reduces net load-carrying capacity during separation. Geometry was also found to have a significant influence on the dynamic load-carrying capacity. The ratio of dynamic to steady state load-carrying capacity increases with increasing geometry parameter for normal approach and decreases during separation. The cavitation (film rupture) boundary is also influenced significantly by the normal motion, moving downstream during approach and upstream during separation. For sufficiently high normal separation velocity the rupture boundary may even move upstream of the minimum-film-thickness position. Sixty-three cases were used to derive a functional relationship for the ratio of the dynamic to steady state load-carrying capacity in terms of the dimensionless normal velocity parameter (incorporating normal velocity, entraining velocity, and film thickness) and the geometry parameter
A new study of shower age distribution in near vertical showers by EAS air shower array
The air shower array has been developed since it started operation in 1931. The array covering an area of 900 sq m now incorporates 21 particle density sampling detectors around two muon magnetic spectrographs. The air showers are detected in the size range 10 to the 4th power to 10 to the 6th power particles. A total of 11000 showers has so far been detected. Average values of shower age have been obtained in various shower size ranges to study the dependence of shower age on shower size. The core distance dependence of shower age parameter has also been analyzed for presentation
Three flavour Quark matter in chiral colour dielectric model
We investigate the properties of quark matter at finite density and
temperature using the nonlinear chiral extension of Colour Dielectric Model
(CCM). Assuming that the square of the meson fields devlop non- zero vacuum
expectation value, the thermodynamic potential for interacting three flavour
matter has been calculated. It is found that remain zero
in the medium whereas changes in the medium. As a result, and
quark masses decrease monotonically as the temperature and density of the quark
matter is increased.In the present model, the deconfinement density and
temperature is found to be lower compared to lattice results. We also study the
behaviour of pressure and energy density above critical temperature.Comment: Latex file. 5 figures available on request. To appear in Phys. Rev.
Locally Optimal Load Balancing
This work studies distributed algorithms for locally optimal load-balancing:
We are given a graph of maximum degree , and each node has up to
units of load. The task is to distribute the load more evenly so that the loads
of adjacent nodes differ by at most .
If the graph is a path (), it is easy to solve the fractional
version of the problem in communication rounds, independently of the
number of nodes. We show that this is tight, and we show that it is possible to
solve also the discrete version of the problem in rounds in paths.
For the general case (), we show that fractional load balancing
can be solved in rounds and discrete load
balancing in rounds for some function , independently of the
number of nodes.Comment: 19 pages, 11 figure
Warm stellar matter with neutrino trapping
The properties of hybrid stars formed by hadronic and quark matter in
beta-equilibrium at fixed entropies are described by appropriate equations of
state (EOS) in the framework of relativistic mean-field theory. In this work we
include the possibility of neutrino trapped EOS and compare the star properties
with the ones obtained after deleptonization, when neutrinos have already
diffused out. We use the nonlinear Walecka model for the hadron matter with two
different sets for the hyperon couplings and the MIT Bag and the
Nambu-Jona-Lasinio models for the quark matter. The phase transition to a
deconfined quark phase is investigated. Depending on the model and the
parameter set used, the mixed phase may or may not exist in the EOS at high
densities.
The star properties are calculated for each equation of state. The maximum
mass stellar configurations obtained within the NJL have larger masses than the
ones obtained within the Bag model. The Bag model predicts a mixed phase in the
interior of the most massive stable stars while, depending on the hyperon
couplings, the NJL model predicts a mixed phase or pure quark matter. Comparing
with neutrino free stars, the maximum allowed baryonic masses for protoneutron
stars are larger for the Bag model and
larger for the NJL model when neutrino trapping is imposed.Comment: 8 pages, 8 figures, 1 tabl
Protection of swimming-induced oxidative stress in some vital organs by the treatment of composite extract of Withania somnifera, Ocimum sanctum and Zingiber officinalis in male rat
Composite methanolic extract of roots of Withania somnifera, leaves of Ocimum sanctum, and rhizomes of Zingiber officinalis was administered by gavage at the dose of 40 mg 100 g−1 body weight day−1 to rat orally for 15 days prior to experimentation followed by co-administration of above extract at the same dose for 28 days of swimming to find out the remedial effect of this extract on exhaustive physical exercise-induced oxidative damage. Swimming resulted significant diminution (
A new study of muons in air showers by NBU air shower array
The North Bengal University (NBU) air shower array has been in operation in conjunction with two muon magnetic spectrographs. The array incorporates 21 particle density sampling detectors around the magnetic spectrographs covering an area of 900 sq m. The layout of the array is based on the arrangement of detectors in a square symmetry. The array set up on the ground level is around a 10 m high magnetic spectrograph housing. This magnetic spectrograph housing limits the zenith angular acceptance of the incident showers to a few degrees. Three hundred muons in the fitted showers of size range 10 to the 4th power to 10 to the 5th power particles have so far been scanned and the momenta determined in the momentum range 2 - 440 GeV/c. More than 1500 recorded showers are now in the process of scanning and fitting. A lateral distribution of muons of energy greater than 300 MeV in the shower size range 10 to the 5th power to 7 x 10 to the 5th power has been obtained
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