Analisis Sistem Proses Pindah Massa pada Ekstraksi secara Mekanik Minyak Kedelai (Glycine Max Oil)

Soybean, a vegetable protein-rich commodity needed to improve public nutrition, safe to consume, and the price affordable. The purpose of this research are to: 1. determine the effect of pressure and time of extraction the mass balance, yield and level of soybean oil extraction, 2. Gain mass transfer coefficient value in soybean oil extraction process, and 3. analyze the mechanism of mass changes during the extraction process soybean oil is mechanically using hydraulic pressing. Oil obtained results indicate an increase due to the influence of a given amount of pressure and length of time silenced. The greater the pressure exerted, the more oil produced this shows soybean oil can come out with a maximum at the greatest pressure of 200 kg/cm2. Mass transfer coefficient in soybean oil extraction process at a pressure of 100 kg/cm2 5.57x10-5 gcm3/cm seconds. In the pressure is 200 kg/cm2 15.39 x 10-5g cm3/cm seconds

Deep MERLIN 5GHz Radio Imaging of Supernova Remnants in the M82 Starburst

The results of an extremely deep, 8-day long observation of the central kpc of the nearby starburst galaxy M82 using MERLIN (Multi-Element Radio Linked Interferometer Network) at 5 GHz are presented. The 17E-06 Jy/beam, rms noise level in the naturally weighted image make it the most sensitive high resolution radio image of M82 made to date. Over 50 discrete sources are detected, the majority of which are supernova remnants, but with 13 identified as HII regions. Sizes, flux densities and radio brightnesses are given for all of the detected sources, which are all well resolved with a majority showing shell or partial shell structures. Those sources within the sample which are supernova remnants have diameters ranging from 0.3 to 6.7 pc, with a mean size of 2.9 pc. From a comparison with previous MERLIN 5 GHz observations made in July 1992, which gives a 9.75 year timeline, it has been possible to measure the expansion velocities of ten of the more compact sources, eight of which have not been measured before. These derived expansion velocities range between 2200 and 10500 km/s.Comment: 34 pages, 10 figures. Accepted by MNRA

15 years of VLBI observations of two compact radio sources in Messier 82

We present the results of a second epoch of 18cm global Very Long-Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) observations, taken on 23 February 2001, of the central kiloparsec of the nearby starburst galaxy Messier 82. These observations further investigate the structural and flux evolution of the most compact radio sources in the central region of M82. The two most compact radio objects in M82 have been investigated (41.95+575 and 43.31+592). Using this recent epoch of data in comparison with our previous global VLBI observations and two earlier epochs of European VLBI Network observations we measure expansion velocities in the range of 1500-2000km/s for 41.95+575, and 9000-11000km/s for 43.31+592 using various independent methods. In each case the measured remnant expansion velocities are significantly larger than the canonical expansion velocity (500km/s) of supernova remnants within M82 predicted from theoretical models. In this paper we discuss the implications of these measured expansion velocities with respect to the high density environment that the SNR are expected to reside in within the centre of the M82 starburst.Comment: Accepted for publication in MNRAS, 9 pages, 8 figure

High-velocity-resolution observations of OH main line lasers in the M82 starburst

Using the VLA, a series of high velocity resolution observations have been made of the M82 starburst at 1.6 GHz. These observations follow up on previous studies of the main line OH maser emission in the central kiloparsec of this starburst region, but with far greater velocity resolution, showing significant velocity structure in some of the maser spots for the first time. A total of thirteen masers were detected, including all but one of the previously known sources. While some of these masers are still unresolved in velocity, these new results clearly show velocity structure in spectra from several of the maser regions. Position-velocity plots show good agreement with the distribution of H{\sc i} including interesting velocity structure on the blueward feature in the west of the starburst which traces the velocity distribution seen in the ionised gas.Comment: MNRAS in press. 15 pages, 9 figure

Perancangan Visualisasi Keris 3d dengan Layanan Augmented Reality Cloud-recognition

Salah satu obyek budaya tradisional yang populer adalah keris. Senjata tradisional ini memiliki bentuk yang indah. Pengetahuan masyarakat mengenai keris semakin berkurang, hal ini karena media yang digunakan untuk memperkenalkan keris yang kurang menarik dan sulit diperoleh. Oleh karena itu dibutuhkan suatu media baru untuk memperkenalkan keris kepada masyarakat luas. Pengguna dapat dengan mudah memindai ponsel mereka pada media yang disediakan dan memperoleh data tentang keris. Obyek keris akan dibuat virtual sehingga dapat dikenal dengan cukup menarik oleh masyarakat. Obyek keris akan dimodelkan secara 3 dimensi, lalu digabungkan dengan pola penanda. Dengan menggunakan teknologi Augmented Reality maka diharapkan dapat menggabungkan obyek keris secara virtual dengan pola penanda pada media promosi. Pembuatan Augmented Reality obyek keris ini memanfaatkan fitur-fitur dari layanan Vuforia, AutoCad123D, dan Unity Game Designer. Vuforia menyediakan fitur pengenalan pola Augmented Reality secara remote. Autocad123D menyediakan layanan pemodelan 3D dengan baik. Unity game designer menyediakan layanan untuk menggabungkan kedua layanan Vuforia dan Autocad123D. Dengan menggunakan layanan tersebut maka akan didapatkan aplikasi yang cukup ringan, mengurangi beban komputasi pada client, menjadi lebih ramah memori, dan kemudahan dalam memperbarui aplikasi di pihak client

Uji Performansi Pencuci Biodiesel Metode Pengkabutan Air Dalam Minyak

Washing of biodiesel removes contaminants (soap, catalyst, methanol and free glycerin) from biodiesel, even though this activity will sometimes cause an emulsion. This research aims to develop new method of washing that can minimize emulsification. The method used is misting water in crude biodiesel by certain nozzle. Washing apparatus has 5 main part i.e. nozzle, washing chamber, circulation pump, valve to set level of debit and piping channel. The research has been done to study dependency of biodiesel washing on the numbers of nozzles (2, 3 and 4) , the distance between nozzle and constrictor plate (2 cm, 4 cm, 6 cm and 8 cm) and the level of wash water debit 45.3 ml/min,83.6 ml/min and 150 ml/min . Parameters measured were pH of wash water, emulsion formed, rendemen of biodiesel, quality of biodiesel and energy consumption. Variation of the numbers of nozzles are purposed to have more extensively contact between water and biodiesel. At optimum level of debit, high performance biodiesel washing expeted, with little emulsion can be obtained. The research indicates that the numbers of nozzles, the distance of nozzle and level of water debit are significant variables to determine washing performance. The research showed that washing biodiesel with the numbers of nozzles 4 pc, debit of washing water 83.6 ml/min and 45.3ml/min and distance between nozzle and constrictor plate 8 cm produce 100 % biodiesel for every step washing, with pH of washing water at third washing 7.1 and emulsion formed 81.6 ml . Misting water in oil method needs smaller energy than others, i.e. only 4% of stirrer method and 1.2% of bubble method. Quality biodiesel – i.e. density, flash point, cetane index, cloud point, moisture content, viscosity – meets ISO standard

Desain Unit Pengolahan Bioetanol Untuk Petani Di Desa Ngajum Kecamatan Sumber Pucung Kabupaten Malang

The aim of the research is to develop bio-ethanol processing unit in small size using simple technology, which can be used by Cassava farmers in the village of Ngajum Sumber Pucung Malang. The capacity of Bioethanol processing unit provided is 100 liters/process which consists of sieve, cooker with cooling mash, fermenter, and distillation unit. Tests on several processing units give the following results: Sieve driven by 7.5 HP diesel engines. Sieve cylinder made of wood cylinder with 40 cm of diameter and 45 cm of length. Sieve has a capacity of 613 kg/h. Cooker tank made of stainless steel plate 4 mm and has dimensions 77 cm of diameter and 150 cm of height. There are 4 pieces of pipe stainless steel 6" placed at the bottom serving as heat exchanger. Cooling Mash has heat transfer surface area of 3.11 m2 that consists of 26 stainless steel pipe 1 ½" of diameter and 100 cm of length . Cooking efficiency is 38% with fuel of firewood with a moisture content of 50%. At steady state conditions, Cooling mash is capable to remove energy from substance of 280 kcal/min at mass flow rate of substance of 2.34 l/s and mass flow rate of cooling water of 0.6 l/s.Fermenter tank has made of stainless steel and has dimensions 110 cm of diameter and 240 cm of height. The mixer's fermenter is driven by a ½ HP electric motor. To maintain the material temperature at 32 oC, the fermenter equipped with a cooling unit that is sprinkler water around the tube. Distillation unit has made of stainless steel 304 and consists of beer column, the column rectifying, pre-heater, condensers and equipped with boiler