Cytokinesis is blocked in mammalian cells transfected with Chlamydia trachomatis gene CT223

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The chlamydiae alter many aspects of host cell biology, including the division process, but the molecular biology of these alterations remains poorly characterized. Chlamydial inclusion membrane proteins (Incs) are likely candidates for direct interactions with host cell cytosolic proteins, as they are secreted to the inclusion membrane and exposed to the cytosol. The <it>inc </it>gene <it>CT223 </it>is one of a sequential set of orfs that encode or are predicted to encode Inc proteins. CT223p is localized to the inclusion membrane in all tested <it>C. trachomatis </it>serovars.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>A plasmid transfection approach was used to examine the function of the product of <it>CT223 </it>and other Inc proteins within uninfected mammalian cells. Fluorescence microscopy was used to demonstrate that <it>CT223</it>, and, to a lesser extent, adjacent <it>inc </it>genes, are capable of blocking host cell cytokinesis and facilitating centromere supranumeracy defects seen by others in chlamydiae-infected cells. Both phenotypes were associated with transfection of plasmids encoding the carboxy-terminal tail of CT223p, a region of the protein that is likely exposed to the cytosol in infected cells.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>These studies suggest that certain Inc proteins block cytokinesis in <it>C. trachomatis</it>-infected cells. These results are consistent with the work of others showing chlamydial inhibition of host cell cytokinesis.</p

Клинико-лабораторные особенности COVID-19 у пациентов с сочетанием ВИЧ-инфекция + туберкулез

The objective: to study clinical and laboratory specific parameters of the COVID-19 course in patients with TB/HIV co-infection, to analyze changes in the lungs caused by COVID-19 in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and concurrent HIV infection.Subjects and Methods. 68 HIV-infected patients aged 18-66 years old were included in the study, they all were admitted to the Novosibirsk State Regional Clinical Tuberculosis Hospital, Novosibirsk, with confirmed COVID-19 from May 2020 to May 2021. Clinical manifestations, CD4 count and HIV RNA level, and the presence of secondary infections were assessed.Results. In patients with severe and profound immunodeficiency, coronavirus infection was more often mild to moderate, and in immunocompetent patients – moderate to severe. However, patients with profound immunodeficiency were at greater risk of an adverse outcome due to lymphohematogenic progression of tuberculosis and concurrent opportunistic infections.Conclusion. When diagnosing and treating COVID-19 in patients with comorbid HIV infection and tuberculosis, it is important to consider the form of tuberculosis and CD4+ count.Цель исследования: изучение клинических и лабораторных особенностей течения COVID-19 у пациентов с сочетанием туберкулеза и ВИЧ-инфекции, анализ изменений в легких, вызванных COVID-19, у пациентов с туберкулезом легких на фоне ВИЧ-инфекции.Материалы и методы. В исследование включено 68 пациентов с ВИЧ-инфекцией в возрасте от 18 до 66 лет, госпитализированных в ГБУЗ НСО «Государственная областная Новосибирская клиническая туберкулезная больница» г. Новосибирска с подтвержденным COVID-19 в период с мая 2020 г. по май 2021 г. Изучены клинические проявления, содержание СD4-лимфоцитов и РНК ВИЧ, наличие вторичных инфекций.Результаты. У пациентов с выраженным и глубоким иммунодефицитом коронавирусная инфекция чаще протекала в легкой и среднетяжелой форме, а у иммунокомпетентных – в среднетяжелой и тяжелой форме. Однако пациенты с глубоким иммунодефицитом были подвержены бо́льшему риску неблагоприятного исхода в связи с лимфагематогенным прогрессированием туберкулеза и наличием оппортунистических инфекций.Заключение. При диагностике и лечении COVID-19 у пациентов с сочетанной патологией ‒ ВИЧ-инфекция и туберкулез – важно учитывать форму туберкулезного процесса и уровень CD4+ Т-лимфоцитов

The role of simultaneous treatment of chronic generalized parodonitis in the period of decompensation of type II diabetes

The results of examination of patients with the diabetes of type II in the phase of decompensation of severe degree who are and who are not being treated of chronic generalized periodontitis with severe degree of intensity are studied in the article. On the basis of clinical and laboratory tests of mixed saliva and blood some data were obtained that allow to judge about the faster recovery and selection of insulin for short and prolonged effect in smaller doses when curing patients suffering simultaneously from diabetes of type II and chronic generalized periodontitis.В статье рассмотрены результаты обследования пациентов с сахарным диабетом II типа в фазе декомпенсации тяжелой степени одновременно получающих и не получающих лечение хронического генерализованного пародонтита тяжелой степени выраженности. На основании клинико-лабораторных показателей смешанной слюны и крови получены данные позволяющие утверждать о более быстрых сроках реабилитации и подбора инсулинов короткого и продленного действий в меньших дозировках у пациентов с сахарным диабетом II типа одновременно проходящих лечение хронического генерализованного пародонтита

Characterization and intracellular localization of putative Chlamydia pneumoniae effector proteins

We here describe four proteins of Chlamydia pneumoniae, which might play a role in host-pathogen interaction. The hypothetical bacterial proteins CPn0708 and CPn0712 were detected in Chlamydia pneumoniae-infected host cells by indirect immunofluorescence tests with polyclonal antisera raised against the respective proteins. While CPn0708 was localized within the inclusion body, CPn0712 was identified in the inclusion membrane and in the surrounding host cell cytosol. CPn0712 colocalizes with actin, indicating its possible interaction with components of the cytoskeleton. Investigations on CPn0809 and CPn1020, two Chlamydia pneumoniae proteins previously described to be secreted into the host cell cytosol, revealed colocalization with calnexin, a marker for the ER. Neither CPn0712, CPn0809 nor CPn1020 were able to inhibit host cell apoptosis. Furthermore, transient expression of CPn0712, CPn0809 and CPn1020 by the host cell itself had no effect on subsequent infection with Chlamydia pneumoniae. However, microarray analysis of CPn0712-expressing host cells revealed six host cell genes which were regulated as in host cells infected with Chlamydia pneumoniae, indicating the principal usefulness of heterologous expression to study the effect of Chlamydia pneumoniae proteins on host cell modulation

Clinical and laboratory specific parameters of COVID-19 in patients with TB/HIV co-infection

The objective: to study clinical and laboratory specific parameters of the COVID-19 course in patients with TB/HIV co-infection, to analyze changes in the lungs caused by COVID-19 in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and concurrent HIV infection.Subjects and Methods. 68 HIV-infected patients aged 18-66 years old were included in the study, they all were admitted to the Novosibirsk State Regional Clinical Tuberculosis Hospital, Novosibirsk, with confirmed COVID-19 from May 2020 to May 2021. Clinical manifestations, CD4 count and HIV RNA level, and the presence of secondary infections were assessed.Results. In patients with severe and profound immunodeficiency, coronavirus infection was more often mild to moderate, and in immunocompetent patients – moderate to severe. However, patients with profound immunodeficiency were at greater risk of an adverse outcome due to lymphohematogenic progression of tuberculosis and concurrent opportunistic infections.Conclusion. When diagnosing and treating COVID-19 in patients with comorbid HIV infection and tuberculosis, it is important to consider the form of tuberculosis and CD4+ count

Clinical and laboratory specific parameters of COVID-19 in patients with TB/HIV co-infection

The objective: to study clinical and laboratory specific parameters of the COVID-19 course in patients with TB/HIV co-infection, to analyze changes in the lungs caused by COVID-19 in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and concurrent HIV infection.Subjects and Methods. 68 HIV-infected patients aged 18-66 years old were included in the study, they all were admitted to the Novosibirsk State Regional Clinical Tuberculosis Hospital, Novosibirsk, with confirmed COVID-19 from May 2020 to May 2021. Clinical manifestations, CD4 count and HIV RNA level, and the presence of secondary infections were assessed.Results. In patients with severe and profound immunodeficiency, coronavirus infection was more often mild to moderate, and in immunocompetent patients – moderate to severe. However, patients with profound immunodeficiency were at greater risk of an adverse outcome due to lymphohematogenic progression of tuberculosis and concurrent opportunistic infections.Conclusion. When diagnosing and treating COVID-19 in patients with comorbid HIV infection and tuberculosis, it is important to consider the form of tuberculosis and CD4+ count.</jats:p

Development of Secondary Inclusions in Cells Infected by Chlamydia trachomatis

The chlamydiae are obligate intracellular bacteria that occupy a nonacidified vacuole (the inclusion) during their entire developmental cycle. These bacteria produce a set of proteins (Inc proteins) that localize to the surface of the inclusion within infected cells. Chlamydia trachomatis IncA is also commonly found in long fibers that extend away from the inclusion. We used standard and confocal immunofluorescence microscopy to demonstrate that these fibers extend to newly developed inclusions, termed secondary inclusions, within infected cells. Secondary inclusions observed at early time points postinfection were devoid of chlamydial reticulate bodies. Later in the developmental cycle, secondary inclusions containing variable numbers of reticulate bodies were common. Reticulate bodies were also observed within the IncA-laden fibers connecting primary and secondary inclusions. Quantitative differences in secondary inclusion formation were found among clinical isolates, and these differences were associated with serovar. Isolates of serovar G consistently produced secondary inclusions at the highest frequency (P < 0.0001). Similar quantitative studies demonstrated that secondary inclusion formation was associated with segregation of inclusions to daughter cells following cytokinesis. We conclude that the production of secondary inclusions via IncA-laden fibers allows chlamydiae to generate an expanded intracellular niche in which they can grow and may provide a means for continuous infection within progeny cells following cell division