INFLUENCE OF IODINE CONSUMPTION FROM QUALITY ASPECTS OF SALT ON THE MARKET IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA

Uvod: Prema procjenama Svjetske zdravstvene organizacije (WHO), jodni deficit je jedan od najozbiljnijih socijalno-medicinskih problema svijeta. Oko dvije milijarde ljudi, odnosno 30% opšte populacije živi s rizikom razvijanja poremećaja koji nastaju kao posljedica jodnog deficita, 700 miliona ima strumu, a oko 20 miliona su ozbiljno mentalno retardirani. Smatra se da je jodni deficit najčešći razlog za mentalnu retardaciju. Cilj rada: Cilj rada je bio prikupiti i analizirati podatke o kvaliteti soli na tržištu u Bosni i Hercegovini u skladu s važećom legislativom, te iste usporediti s dostupnim znanstvenim informacijama o prekomjernom, odnosno nedovoljnom unosu joda, te eventualnom potrebom izmjene zakonodavnog okvira s aspekta kvalitete soli. Rezultati i rasprava: Optimalan unos joda od osobite je važnosti za zdravlje, a nedovoljan unos joda uzrokuje brojne razvojne i funkcionalne poremećaje koji se nazivaju poremećaji uzrokovani nedostatkom joda (eng. Iodine deficiency disorders - IDD). Jodiranje kuhinjske soli i soli koja se koristi u prehrambenoj industriji te proizvodnji hrane za životinje najbolja je preventivna mjera sprječavanja poremećaja uzrokovanih nedostatkom joda na razini određene populacije ili države. Prema Svjetskoj zdravstvenoj organizaciji, Zakladi za djecu Ujedinjenih naroda (UNICEF) i Međunarodnom odboru za kontrolu bolesti povezanih s manjkom joda (ICCIDD) preporučen dnevni unos joda je 150 μg (za trudnice i dojilje 220- 290 μg). Jod se u najvećoj mjeri unosi sa soli iz kruha i tjestenine, zatim direktnim dosoljavanjem i konzumiranjem industrijskih gotovih proizvoda. Zaključci: Kontrolu kvalitete soli koja se nalazi na tržištu potrebno je redovito pratiti jer je uočeno niz nedostataka kvalitete soli, od čega se dio odnosi i na prisutnost joda. S druge strane nedovoljna istraživanja o unosu količine soli putem hrane u Bosni i Hercegovini otvara dodatne potrebe ovakvih istraživanja u cilju procjene nedovoljnog, odnosno prekomjernog unosa joda.Introduction: According to World Health Organization (WHO) estimates, iodine deficiency is one of the most serious socio-medical problems in the world. About two billion people, or 30% of the general population live with the risk of developing disorders resulting from iodine deficiency, 700 million have a strike, and about 20 million are severely mentally retarded. Iodine deficiency is believed to be the most common cause of mental retardation. Aim: The aim of the paper was to collect and analyze the data on the quality of salt in the market in Bosnia and Herzegovina in accordance with the current legislation, and to compare it with the available Food in health and disease, scientific-professional journal of nutrition and dietetics - Special edition scientific information on excessive or insufficient iodine intake and the possible need to change the legislative framework from the aspect of salt quality. Results and discussion: Optimal iodine intake is of particular importance to health, and inadequate iodine intake causes numerous developmental and functional disorders called iodine deficiency disorders (IDDs). Iodination of kitchen salt and salt used in the food industry and the production of animal feed is the best preventive measure to prevent iodine deficiency disorder at the level of a particular population or state. According to the World Health Organization, the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) and the International Committee for the Control of Iodine-Related Disorders (ICCIDD) recommended daily intake of iodine is 150 μg (for pregnant women and breastfeeding 220-290 μg). Iodine is largely introduced from salt from bread and pasta, then by direct dosing and consumption of industrial finished products. Conclusions: The quality control of salt in the market needs to be monitored regularly because a number of quality salt shortages have been observed, of which part also relates to the presence of iodine. On the other hand, inadequate research into the amount of salt intake through food in Bosnia and Herzegovina opens up the additional needs of such studies in order to estimate inadequate or excessive iodine intake