Criterios de clasificación y re-definición de un perfil comercial de la Agricultura Familiar Campesina, Región del Maule, Chile

In Chile, small-scale farmers are classified according to old approaches from 1993 that do not include changes occurred in the last two decades. Maule is the region with most rural population in Chile which represents a significant stratum for development, innovation and competitiveness. This study explores a new approach of small-scale farmers -associated with Family Farm Agriculture (AFC) - classification in Chile and it describes a commercial profile or AFC-1 for famers of the Maule Region. A Cluster analysis to determine AFC-1 farmers is used. The analysis includes four association variables: Total Assets, Farm Income, Production Costs and Management Indicators. The results suggest that 16.4% of the farmers have a commercial profile and they could stay out support provided by the National Institute for Agricultural Development (INDAP). This group of farmers would not belong to AFC in short terms. This fact could bring restriction to AFC-1 farmers such as lack of credit access, less investment incentives and technical assistance. Thus, it would expect low process of technology adoption and welfare improvement. New agrarian policies must be warranted to support this important group of famers with a commercial profile.In Chile, small-scale farmers are classified according to old approaches from 1993 that do not include changes occurred in the last two decades. Maule is the region with most rural population in Chile which represents a significant stratum for development, innovation and competitiveness. This study explores a new approach of small-scale farmers -associated with Family Farm Agriculture (AFC) - classification in Chile and it describes a commercial profile or AFC-1 for famers of the Maule Region. A Cluster analysis to determine AFC-1 farmers is used. The analysis includes four association variables: Total Assets, Farm Income, Production Costs and Management Indicators. The results suggest that 16.4% of the farmers have a commercial profile and they could stay out support provided by the National Institute for Agricultural Development (INDAP). This group of farmers would not belong to AFC in short terms. This fact could bring restriction to AFC-1 farmers such as lack of credit access, less investment incentives and technical assistance. Thus, it would expect low process of technology adoption and welfare improvement. New agrarian policies must be warranted to support this important group of famers with a commercial profile

Criterios de clasificación y re-definición de un perfil comercial de la Agricultura Familiar Campesina, Región del Maule, Chile

In Chile, small-scale farmers are classified according to old approaches from 1993 that do not include changes occurred in the last two decades. Maule is the region with most rural population in Chile which represents a significant stratum for development, innovation and competitiveness. This study explores a new approach of small-scale farmers -associated with Family Farm Agriculture (AFC) - classification in Chile and it describes a commercial profile or AFC-1 for famers of the Maule Region. A Cluster analysis to determine AFC-1 farmers is used. The analysis includes four association variables: Total Assets, Farm Income, Production Costs and Management Indicators. The results suggest that 16.4% of the farmers have a commercial profile and they could stay out support provided by the National Institute for Agricultural Development (INDAP). This group of farmers would not belong to AFC in short terms. This fact could bring restriction to AFC-1 farmers such as lack of credit access, less investment incentives and technical assistance. Thus, it would expect low process of technology adoption and welfare improvement. New agrarian policies must be warranted to support this important group of famers with a commercial profile.El pequeño productor en Chile es clasificado de acuerdo con criterios que datan desde 1993, los que no incorporan los cambios producidos en el medio rural en las últimas décadas. La Región del Maule concentra la mayor proporción de población rural de Chile, lo que representa un estrato significativo para las estrategias de desarrollo, innovación e inserción competitiva. En este estudio se exploraron nuevos criterios de clasificación del pequeño productor asociado a la Agricultura Familiar Campesina (AFC) en Chile, definiendo un nuevo perfil comercial con énfasis en agricultores de la Región del Maule. El perfil comercial se determinó a través de un análisis cluster considerando cuatro criterios de clasificación: Activos Totales, Ingreso Agrícola, Costos de Producción y un Indicador de Gestión. Del análisis se desprende que un 16,4% de los agricultores posee perfil comercial (AFC-1) y podría dejar de cumplir los requisitos establecidos por la Ley para ser usuarios del Instituto de Desarrollo Agropecuario (INDAP). En el corto plazo no serían parte de la AFC, lo que presentaría ciertas restricciones y factores que limitan la competitividad de este importante segmento, tales como el acceso al crédito, inversiones y asistencia técnica. Dichas variables son clave en procesos de adopción de nuevas tecnologías y mejoramiento del ingreso agrícola y, por lo tanto, posibilitan la permanencia en esta actividad económica. Políticas agrarias eficientes deben ser consideradas para continuar apoyando a este grupo de mayor capacidad empresarial.Fil: Jara-Rojas, Roberto. Universidad de TalcaFil: Díaz Osorio, José. Universidad de TalcaFil: Manríquez, Paula. Universidad de TalcaFil: Rojas, Álvaro. Universidad de Talc

Trabajo Interprofesional en los Centros Escolares : Cambiando Trayectorias de Vulnerabilidad a la Deserción en Estudiantes Secundarios

Preventing school dropout requires interprofessional work that addresses in a coordinatedmanner the multiple individual, school and structural factors that lead a young person to leaveformal schooling. This study examines the configuration of interprofessional work that isdesigned and implemented in two Municipal Departments of Education in Chile to prevent thetruancy and dropout among students in secondary education from becoming a situation ofsocial vulnerability. Data were produced through in-depth interviews with a total of 63individuals, including municipal-level and school level professionals, parents and students.These two cases show contrasting models in their approaches. The first model is oriented tooffer psychosocial support so that adolescents can develop their life project. Psychologists,social workers and teachers, under the leadership of the municipal-level coordinator and theschool principal, deploy relational agency and relational expertise to develop commonknowledge; and students feel that their needs are addressed. In the second case, the modelfocuses on the prevention of truancy and school dropout. The expertise provided bypsychologists and social workers fails to expand the practices of teachers; and students pointout that psychosocial intervention is more of a barrier than a support. These results highlightthe importance of designing psychosocial supports that consider students' voices and the needto prepare professionals for coordinated interprofessional work that aligns motivations towork togethe

El Sujeto posmoderno en los movimientos feministas de la cuarta ola en México: la visión filosófico-política del feminismo radical

Since the seventeenth century, the question of the subject has attracted attention because it has triggered various philosophical and scientific discussions regarding reason and science. and scientific discussions about reason and the search for truth, which, in turn, contributed to the development of processes in the spheres that and the search for truth, which, in turn, contributed to the development of processes in the spheres that make up society society, which inaugurated the condition known as Modernity. Among these processes, those of a political nature were highly agitated, since the notion of the subject of such a of this conceptual unfolding derived in a democratic ideal whose duty lay in the defense of the rights and freedoms of the defense of the rights and liberties of human beings who enjoyed the denomination of citizens. of citizens. From the moment this category became evident, women joined in the demand for the recognition of this and other rights.The demand for the recognition of this and other categories, just as it has been recognized for men, that is to say, they joined the men, i.e., they joined the political dispute, but with specific generic demands. specific. As the conception of the subject was questioned, in what was supposed to be the overcoming of many of the abstractions in which abstractions on which modern thought was based, the subject "women" was also called into question "women" was also called into question, and, in the fourth wave of feminism, the discussion about the philosophical and philosophical philosophical-political movement on which political action is based, without the subject, which was thought to be without that subject, which, it was thought, was the germ of political action.Desde el siglo XVII, la cuestión del sujeto ha llamado la atención ya que gracias a ésta se desencadenaron diversas discusiones filosóficas y científicas con respecto a la razón y a la búsqueda de la verdad, que, a su vez, contribuyó al desarrollo de procesos en las esferas que componen la sociedad, lo cual inauguró la condición conocida como Modernidad. Entre esos procesos, en aquellos de carácter político hubo una gran agitación, pues la noción de sujeto de dicho desplegado conceptual derivó en un ideal democrático cuyo deber se hallaba en la defensa de los derechos y libertades de los seres humanos que gozaban de la denominación de ciudadanos. Desde el momento en que esa categoría se hizo patente las mujeres, se unieron al reclamo del reconocimiento de esta y otras categorías, al igual que se les ha reconocido a los varones, es decir, se unieron a la disputa política, pero con demandas genéricas específicas. Al ser cuestionada la concepción de sujeto en lo que se supuso la superación de muchas de las abstracciones en las que se basaba el pensamiento moderno, el sujeto “mujeres” también fue puesto en duda, y, en la cuarta ola del feminismo, se plantea la discusión acerca de movimiento filosófico-político en el que se fundamenta la acción política sin ese sujeto, que se pensaba, era el germen de la misma

Síndrome Burnout o Desgaste Profesional.

Cancer has become a high-impact phenomenon for both who gets the diagnosis and who gets it. Thus, this disease responds to a series of affective, psychological and behavioral combinations, which are present in communities, individuals and health teams. It is for that reason that the aim of this work is to provide from the Psychology of Health and Psychooncology a critical look, contributing to a reflection on the importance of self-care within the multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary teams involved in cancer patient care and palliative care, preventing the appearance of Burnout Syndrome or Professional Wear and Tear.El cáncer se ha convertido en un fenómeno de alto impacto tanto para quien recibe el diagnóstico como para quien lo entrega. Es así que esta enfermedad responde a una serie de combinaciones afectivas, psicológicas y conductuales que se encuentran presentes en las comunidades, personas y equipos de salud. Es por esa razón que el objetivo de este trabajo es proporcionar, desde la Psicología de la Salud y Psicooncología, un mirada crítica que permita contribuir hacia una reflexión de la importancia del autocuidado dentro de los equipos multidisciplinarios e interdisciplinarios que se desempeñan en la atención y cuidado del paciente oncológico y en cuidados paliativos, previniendo de esta forma la aparición del “Síndrome de Burnout o Desgaste profesional”

Comparación cefalométrica entre un paciente acromegálico y su hermano gemelo

La acromegalia es una enfermedad caracterizada por una desfiguración somática de progresión lenta causada por la sobreproducción de hormona de crecimiento (GH) y factor de crecimiento insulinoide tipo 1 (IGF-1), predominantemente asociada con un adenoma hipofisario. La manifestación más evidente a nivel facial es un prognatismo mandibular por exceso de crecimiento de la mandíbula. El propósito del presente trabajo fue realizar una comparación morfológica craneofacial mediante análisis cefalométrico y superposición cefalométrica entre un paciente con diagnóstico de acromegalia y su hermano gemelo que no presenta la enfermedad. Nuestros resultados mostraron que en el hermano con acromegalia existe un significativo aumento del tamaño de la silla turca, un desplazamiento hacia anterior del maxilar y mandíbula, siendo más marcado el desplazamiento mandibular. El cambio morfológico que experimenta la mandíbula en la acromegalia es atribuido principalmente al crecimiento de la rama mandibular por aumento de la unidad condilar

Validity of a Scale of Culture of Quality and Governmental Social Responsibility

[Resumen] Este artículo tiene por objetivo obtener un instrumento robusto que evalúe la cultura de calidad y la Responsabilidad Social del Gobierno de Villaflores, Chiapas, a partir del instrumento de Responsabilidad Social Gubernamental de Ríos-Manríquez y SánchezFernández (2020). Se llevó a cabo un análisis factorial exploratorio al instrumento de 35 ítems con extracción de componentes principales y el método Varimax de rotación ortogonal, de una muestra de 60 habitantes. Eliminándose 8 ítems, modificándose el modelo original, quedando cinco dimensiones: la Responsabilidad Social Gubernamental, Imagen Gubernamental, Cultura de calidad, calidad de vida, y compromiso con el ciudadano, pero manteniendo un nivel excelente de fiabilidad. Se obtuvo una escala válida y confiable para evaluar la cultura de calidad y responsabilidad social gubernamental.[Abstract] This article aims to obtain a robust instrument that evaluates the culture of quality and Social Responsibility of the Government of Villaflores, Chiapas, from the instrument of Governmental Social Responsibility by Ríos-Manriquez and Sánchez-Fernández (2020). An exploratory factorial analysis was carried out on the 35 items instrument with the extraction of main components and the Varimax method of orthogonal rotation from a sample of 60 inhabitants. Eliminating eight items, modifying the original model, leaving five dimensions: Government Social Responsibility, Governmental Image, Culture of quality, quality of life, and commitment to the citizen, but maintaining an excellent level of reliability. A valid and reliable scale was obtained to evaluate the culture of quality and governmental social responsibility

A Review of Surrogate Assisted Multiobjective Evolutionary Algorithms

Multiobjective evolutionary algorithms have incorporated surrogate models in order to reduce the number of required evaluations to approximate the Pareto front of computationally expensive multiobjective optimization problems. Currently, few works have reviewed the state of the art in this topic. However, the existing reviews have focused on classifying the evolutionary multiobjective optimization algorithms with respect to the type of underlying surrogate model. In this paper, we center our focus on classifying multiobjective evolutionary algorithms with respect to their integration with surrogate models. This interaction has led us to classify similar approaches and identify advantages and disadvantages of each class

Función sexual en mujeres con linfedema secundario a cáncer ginecológico que se encuentran en atención Kinésica : estudio descriptivo

Tesis (Kinesiólogo)Describir la función sexual en mujeres con linfedema en extremidad inferior secundario a cáncer ginecológico, que reciben tratamiento en el Instituto Nacional del Cáncer (INC). Material y Método: Participaron de este estudio descriptivo 8 mujeres de rango etario entre 50 a 70 años, con media de edad 63,1 (±9,6) años, diagnosticadas de linfedema en extremidad inferior con tratamiento kinésico de cáncer ginecológico, atendidas en el INC. Instrumentos: Test de PFEIFFER para detectar deterioro cognitivo, ficha de antecedentes sociodemográficos y clínicos como base de datos de las usuarias. Además, se utilizó el control del linfedema en extremidades inferiores (EEII) evaluado por método de volumetría indirecta (cilindro o cono truncado) de las circunferencias de EEII con medición de los perímetros con cinta métrica. Cuestionario Índice de Función Sexual Femenina (FSFI) de 19 preguntas, agrupadas en 6 dominios: deseo, excitación, lubricación, orgasmo, satisfacción y dolor. También se utilizaron unas preguntas estructuradas para evaluar el ajuste sexual. Análisis estadístico: se utilizó el programa Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) para el análisis estadístico descriptivo. El linfedema estuvo presente unilateral (n=5) o bilateral (n=3) en las participantes. Solo un 37,5% de las usuarias se encuentran activas sexualmente con pareja. La mayoría de ellas 75% manifestó tener deseo sexual en elevada frecuencia (casi siempre o siempre o bien la mayor parte del tiempo) y describieron este deseo como alto o muy alto. La excitación sexual fue reportada como muy baja en el 50% de las usuarias. Con respecto a la lubricación vaginal, solo una de ellas relató no presentar dificultad y lubricarse mayor parte del tiempo. Con respecto a la satisfacción en la relación emocional con la pareja, hubo predominio de la insatisfacción 37,5%. En relación con el dolor en la penetración vaginal, todas las usuarias que tenían actividad sexual manifestaron una alta frecuencia e intensidad de dolor, tanto durante, como después de la penetración. De acuerdo a la percepción de las usuarias, respecto de cuánto se ajustaron sexualmente posterior al cáncer ginecológico, el 62,5% afirma que no se ha ajustado nada en su vida sexual. La función sexual de las usuarias con linfedema secundario a cáncer ginecológico estuvo afectada negativamente. Las mujeres de este estudio reportaron dificultades en el ajuste sexual post cáncer ginecológico. Los kinesiólogos pueden auxiliar con los tratamientos kinésicos y educación en salud respecto al ajuste sexual de mujeres post cáncer ginecológico.The aim of our thesis is to evaluate sexual function in women with lower extremity lymphedema receiving physiotherapy treatment of gynecologic cancer in Santiago. Method: In the case of 8 women over 18 years, which were contacted by kinesiólogas of the Scientific Society of Kinesiology and the National Cancer Institute studied Cáncer.En this study sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the study participants were recorded also through questionnaires index of sexual function and sexual adjustment could determine the level of sexual function in different domains: desire, arousal, lubrication, orgasm, satisfaction and pain. Thus the prevalence of sexual dysfunction in later verified participants describe the sexual adjustment of women post gynecologic cancer. Lymphedema was evaluated by indirect titration method by measuring the circumferences of the lower extremities. Results: The age ranged from 50 to 78 years and had average was 63.1 (sd = 9.6). Regarding the anthropometric variables is perceived that, in general, its average was tending to excess body weight, Lymphedema was present unilateral (n = 5) or bilateral (n = 3). Only 37.5% of respondents are sexually active with a partner. most of them (75%) reported having sexual desire most often in high frequency (almost always or always or most of the time) and described this desire as high or very high. His sexual arousal was reported to be very low. With regard to vaginal lubrication, only one of the women reported lubrication not present difficulty and have it most of the time. With regard to satisfaction in the emotional relationship with the couple there was a predominance of dissatisfaction. In relation to pain in the vaginal penetration, sexual activity which had expressed a high frequency and intensity of pain both during and after penetration. According to the perception of women as sexually later shall comply with gynecologic cancer, most states that is not set anything (62.5%). Conclusion: The sexual function of women with gynecologic cancer secondary lymphedema was affected negatively. The women in this study reported difficulties in sexual adjustment after gynecological cancer. Athletic trainers can assist with kinesic treatments and health education in sexual adjustment after gynecological cancer women

A Review of Surrogate Assisted Multiobjective Evolutionary Algorithms

Multiobjective evolutionary algorithms have incorporated surrogate models in order to reduce the number of required evaluations to approximate the Pareto front of computationally expensive multiobjective optimization problems. Currently, few works have reviewed the state of the art in this topic. However, the existing reviews have focused on classifying the evolutionary multiobjective optimization algorithms with respect to the type of underlying surrogate model. In this paper, we center our focus on classifying multiobjective evolutionary algorithms with respect to their integration with surrogate models. This interaction has led us to classify similar approaches and identify advantages and disadvantages of each class