Approximation to the participation of grandfathers and grandmothers in the education of their grandsons and granddaughters

Los cambios sociales y económicos acontecidos en las últimas décadas en nuestro país, el envejecimiento de la población y el aumento de la esperanza de vida, han llevado a redefinir los roles que desempeñan los abuelos y abuelas en la familia, asumiendo, en algunos casos, las funciones de educación y cuidado de los nietos y nietas, cuando los padres y madres no pueden hacerlo. El objetivo de este trabajo es conocer la implicación de los abuelos y abuelas en el cuidado y educación de sus nietos y nietas y los efectos tanto en sí mismos como en sus hijos e hijas. Se ha realizado un estudio descriptivo exploratorio aplicando a una muestra de 30 abuelos y abuelas del Principado de Asturias, una adaptación del Cuestionario sobre Competencias Parentales (Martínez González, 2009). Los resultados muestran la importancia de profundizar en las necesidades de apoyo y formación de los abuelos y abuelas para desempeñar el nuevo rol.The social and economic changes which happened in the last decades in our country, the ageing of the population and the increase of the life expectancy, have led to redefine the roles that grandfathers and grandmothers play in the family, assuming, in some cases, the functions of education and care of grandsons and granddaughters, when fathers and mothers can´t. The objective of this work is to know the implication of grandfathers and grandmothers in the care and education of their grandsons and granddaughters and the effects in themselves as well as in their sons and daughters. A descriptive exploratory study applied to a sample of 30 grandfathers and grandmothers of the Principality of Asturias has been carried out, an adaptation of the Questionnaire on Parental Competences (Martínez González, 2009). The results show the importance of deepening in the needs of support and training of grandfathers and grandmothers to play the new role.peerReviewe

Assessment of bio-ionic liquids as promising solvents in industrial separation processes: Computational screening using COSMO-RS method

The use of organic solvents in the chemical industry for gas-liquid absorption or liquid-liquid extraction operations is still unavoidable. The search of “greener” solvents to replace fossil-based counterparts is a challenge for the scientific community. Biocompatible ionic liquids (bio-ILs) emerged as a sustainable approach for the development of greener processes. In this work, bio-ILs based on choline as common cation are evaluated as promising solvents in typical industrial separation processes such as gas absorption (refrigerants, CO2, H2S, NH3, or acetone) and liquid-liquid extraction (hydrocarbon separations, denitrogenation, desulfurization, and recovery of value-added compounds and/or contaminants from aqueous streams) by means of COSMO-RS method. Some bio-ILs show competitive behavior compared to the benchmark common ILs solvents for all the solutes evaluated. None of the solvents evaluated is predicted to form two liquid phases in aqueous solutions, so future work should be conducted on finding hydrophobic bio-ILs to perform these separations. On the other hand, bio-ILs in hydrocarbon separations by means of liquid-liquid extraction show competitive results in terms of selectivities (benzoate-based) and partition coefficients (bicarbonate-based) compared to benchmark sulfolane and common ILs previously testedThe authors are grateful to Comunidad de Madrid (project SUSTEC P2018/EMT-4348) and Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad of Spain (project CTQ2017-89441-R) for its financial support and Centro de Computación Científica de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CCC) for its computational resources. Rubén Santiago thanks Ministerio Universidades for his Margarita Salas contract (CA1/RSUE/2021-00585

Affective Profiles and Anxiety or Non-Anxiety-Related Reasons for School Refusal Behavior: Latent Profile Analysis in Spanish Adolescents

Little has been studied on the relationship between affect and school problems related with attendance. This study aims to identify different affective profiles and to determine whether these profiles differ from each other based on the four functional conditions of school refusal behavior. Participants comprised 1,816 Spanish adolescents aged 15–18 years (M = 16.39; SD = 1.05). The Positive and Negative Affect Schedule for Children-Short Form and the School Refusal Assessment Scale-Revised for Children (SRAS-R-C) were administered. Latent profile analysis revealed five affective profiles: low affective profile, self-fulfilling profile, low positive affect profile, self-destructive profile, and high affective profile. The self-destructive profile revealed the highest average scores in the first three factors of the SRAS-R-C, whereas the high affective profile reached the highest average score in the fourth factor. On the contrary, the self-fulfilling profile obtained the lowest average scores in the first two factors of the SRAS-R-C, whereas the low affective profile revealed the lowest average scores in the last two factors. Findings suggest the relevance of developing more adaptative affective profiles, such as the self-fulfilling profile, which would contribute to diminishing school attendance problems.This research was funded by the Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities and Fondos FEDER with grant number RTI2018-098197-B-I00 awarded to José M. García-Fernández and Project GV/2019/075 awarded to CG

Testing the Functional Profiles of School Refusal Behavior and Clarifying Their Relationship With School Anxiety

Students with school attendance problems are a diverse and heterogeneous group whose patterns of symptomatology can change over time. This study aims to identify different school refusal behavior profiles and to determine whether these profiles differ from each other based on four situational factors and three response systems of school anxiety across gender. The participants were 1,685 Spanish students (49% female) aged 15–18 years (M = 16.28; SD =0.97). The School Refusal Assessment Scale-Revised (SRAS-R) and the School Anxiety Inventory (SAI) were administered. Latent profile analysis revealed five school refusal behavior profiles: Non-School Refusal Behavior, Mixed School Refusal Behavior, School Refusal Behavior by Positive Reinforcement, Low School Refusal Behavior, and High School Refusal Behavior. The results indicated that High School Refusal Behavior and Mixed School Refusal Behavior groups were the most maladaptive profiles since it obtained the highest mean scores on school anxiety. In contrast, Non-School Refusal and School Refusal Behavior by Positive Reinforcement groups revealed the lowest scores in school anxiety. Non-significant gender-based differences were found, only girls were more represented in the mixed school refusal behavior profile in comparison with boys but with a small effect size. Findings are discussed in relation to the importance of promoting good mental health to prevent school attendance problems in adolescents and younger ages.This research was funded by the Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities and Fondos FEDER with the grant number RTI2018-098197-B-I00 awarded to JG-F and the project GV/2019/075 awarded to CG

Bibliometric review in Asperger Syndrome: impact in the field of psychology and education

La productividad científica en Síndrome de Asperger (SA) se ha incrementado considerablemente en los últimos años desde distintos campos de la Educación y la Psicología. Incluido dentro de los Trastornos del Espectro del Autismo según el DSM-5, el SA se caracteriza por una alteración en las capacidades de relación social, comunicación y flexibilidad mental. Es objeto del presente estudio ofrecer una revisión del estado actual de la investigación en dicho ámbito e identificar las principales aportaciones científicas. La unidad de análisis se compuso por 1741 documentos extraídos de la Social Science Citation Index y revisados minuciosamente. Los resultados evidenciaron un incremento de la productividad temporal y el interés científico en las áreas de caracterización del SA, comorbilidad y tratamiento. Además, se observó una tendencia a realizar los trabajos en colaboración y un número considerable de autores clasificados como grandes productores por sus niveles de productividad superiores a los diez trabajos. La funcionalidad de esta revisión se encuentra en su valor como material de referencia para futuras líneas de investigación en tanto que abarca la identificación y análisis de los principales campos de estudio en este ámbito.The scientific productivity about Asperger Syndrome has increased dramatically in recent years from various fields of Education and Psychology. Included within the Autism Spectrum Disorder according to the DSM-5, SA is characterized by alterations in social interaction skills, communication, and mental flexibility. The aim of this study is to provide a review of the current state of research in this area and identify major scientific contributions. The unit of analysis was composed of 1741 documents taken from the Social Science Citation Index and thoroughly reviewed. The results showed an increase in temporary productivity and scientific interest in the areas of characterization of Asperger Syndrome, comorbidity and treatment. In addition, a tendency was observed to perform the investigations in collaboration and a considerable number of authors classified as big producers due to their high levels of productivity with more than ten articles. The functionality of this review is its value as a reference for future researches as long as cover the identification and analysis of the main research topics in this field

Methodological renewal for the development of competences in the pupils of higher education

El aprendizaje centrado en la adquisición de competencias, implica una planificación metodológica diferente a la tradicionalmente utilizada en la universidad. Este estudio, tiene como finalidad determinar la adquisición de competencias profesionales del alumnado universitario de la especialidad de Educación Primaria a través de la utilización de distintas modalidades de enseñanza, recurriendo para ello a la experiencia piloto implantada en el Centro de Magisterio “Sagrado Corazón”. A través del análisis de la información cuantitativa, procedente del cuestionario, los datos se pretenden sistematizar apoyándonos en la estadística descriptiva, inferencial y correlacional. Los resultados del estudio revelan el grado de adquisición de competencias estudiantilesThe apprenticeship centred in the acquisition of competences implicates a methodological planning different to the one used traditionally at the university. This study has as intention to determine the acquisition of professional competences of the universitary pupils of Primary Education Specialty by means of the use of different ways of teaching, having recourse for it to the pilot experience implanted at the Centro de Magisterio “Sagrado Corazón”. Through the analysis of the quantitative information coming from the questionnaire, the data are pretended to systematize leaning on the descriptive, inferential and correlational statistics. The results of the study reveal the degree of acquisition of pupils competence

Comparative study of treatment interventions for patellar tendinopathy: A protocol for a randomised controlled trial

Introduction Patellar tendinopathy is a degenerative disease of the patellar tendon, which affects athletes from a variety of sports, and is especially predominant in sports involving high-impact jumping. The aim of this study is to determine the additional effect of two interventions combined with eccentric exercise and compare which one is the most effective at short-term and long-term follow-up for patients with patellar tendinopathy. Methods and analysis This study is a randomised controlled trial with blinded participants. Measurements will be carried out by a specially trained blinded assessor. A sample of 57 patients with a medical diagnosis of patellar tendinopathy will participate in this study and will be divided into three treatment groups. Eligible participants will be randomly allocated to receive either: (a) treatment group with percutaneous needle electrolysis, (b) treatment group with dry needling or (c) treatment group with placebo needling. In addition, all groups will perform eccentric exercise. Functionality and muscle strength parameters, pain, ultrasound appearances and patient perceived quality of life shall be evaluated using the Victorian Institute of Sports Assessment for patellar (VISA-P), jump tests, Visual Analogue Scale, ultrasound images and Short Form-36 (SF-36), respectively. Participants will be assessed at baseline, at 10 weeks and at 22 weeks after baseline. The expected findings will allow us to advance in the treatment of this injury, as they will help determine whether a needling intervention has additional effects on an eccentric exercise programme and whether any of the needling modalities is more effective than the other

La reforma de la financiación autonómica: reflexiones y escenarios

En este trabajo se exploran algunas posibilidades de reforma del sistema de financiación autonómica actual (Acuerdo de 2001), basadas en la modificación de las cestas de impuestos que configuran la capacidad fiscal de los distintos niveles de gobierno. En primer lugar, se presenta un breve diagnóstico del funcionamiento actual del sistema de financiación, destacando los principales problemas existentes. En segundo lugar, se realizan unas reflexiones generales que intentan orientar las distintas posibilidades de reforma, tomando como base el cumplimiento de los principios de autonomía, suficiencia y solidaridad. Por último, se presentan diversos escenarios de reforma con propuestas específicas de modificación de los espacios fiscales propios del Estado y las Comunidades Autónomas y se analizan los efectos que tendrían las modificaciones sugeridas tanto desde un punto de vista estático como dinámico

Health Care Costs Associated to Type of Feeding in the First Year of Life

Background: Breastfeeding is associated with lower risk of infectious diseases, leading to fewer hospital admissions and pediatrician consultations. It is cost saving for the health care system, however, it is not usually estimated from actual cohorts but via simulation studies. Methods: A cohort of 970 children was followed-up for twelve months. Data on mother characteristics, pregnancy, delivery and neonate characteristics were obtained from medical records. The type of neonate feeding at discharge, 2, 4, 6, 9 and 12 months of life was reported by the mothers. Infectious diseases diagnosed in the first year of life, hospital admissions, primary care and emergency room consultations and drug treatments were obtained from neonate medical records. Health care costs were attributed using public prices and All Patients Refined?Diagnosis Related Groups (APR?DRG) classification. Results: Health care costs in the first year of life were higher in children artificially fed than in those breastfed (1339.5€, 95% confidence interval (CI): 903.0?1775.0 for artificially fed vs. 443.5€, 95% CI: 193.7?694.0 for breastfed). The breakdown of costs also shows differences in primary care consultations (295.7€ for formula fed children vs. 197.9€ for breastfed children), emergency room consultations (260.1€ for artificially fed children vs. 196.2€ for breastfed children) and hospital admissions (791.6€ for artificially fed children vs. 86.9€ for breastfed children). Conclusions: Children artificially fed brought about more health care costs related to infectious diseases than those exclusively breastfed or mixed breastfed. Excess costs were caused in hospital admissions, primary care consultations, emergency room consultations and drug consumptionThis research has been subsidized by the Valdecilla Health Research Institute (IDIVAL). Project awarded as the best project to be developed in Cantabria in the 19th call for research projects “Enfermería Valdecilla”. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript