Visual Outcome and Intraocular Pressure Control in Lens induced Glaucomas following Surgery

AIM OF THE STUDY: To clinically analyse visual outcome and intraocular pressure control in surgically treated cases of lens induced glaucoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 100 patients with LENS INDUCED GLAUCOMA attending glaucoma services of Regional Institute of Ophthalmology and Government Ophthalmic Hospital were included in the study. Patients with presence of phacolytic, phacomorphic, lens particle, phaco anaphylaxis glaucoma and subluxated or dislocated lens with elevated intraocular pressure were included in the study. Patients with previous history of Primary Open Angle glaucoma and primary angle closure glaucoma, other secondary glaucomas, uncontrolled diabetes and IHD were excluded. All were subjected to detailed anterior segment examination, best corrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure measurement either by Goldmann applanation tonometry or in cases with presence of corneal edema rebound tonometry reading was recorded, fundus examination, gonioscopic examination were done. Surgical procedures like SICS/ECCE or combined surgery in cases with peripheral anterior synechiae or lens removal with secondary iol implantation were done. Surgical complications were analysed in patients undergoing sics/ecce/lens removal with secondary IOL and combined surgery and followed up periodically with visual acuity and intraocular pressure measurements and gonioscopic examination. RESULTS: In our study, 52% cases were in the age group of 56 -60 years, there was a slight male preponderance (59%), 47% presented with an IOP of 28-32mmhg. 60% cases were phacolytic glaucomas, 29% were phacomorphic glaucomas, 10% were lens particle glaucomas, 1% was due to subluxated lens induced glaucoma. 72% cases had PCIOL in other eye, 57% had a visual acuity in 6/36-6/18 range in other eye. At the end of six weeks the visual acuity for maximum number of cases (55%) was in the range 6/36-6/18, 20% cases had vision of range 3/60-6/60, 20% cases had vision of range 6/12-6/9. Hence visual improvement occurred in 95% of cases at the end of sixth post-operative week. 68% of cases had striate keratopathy, Post-operative iritis was present in all cases (100%), zonular dehiscence occurred in 43% cases, 12% cases had posterior capsular rent and 5% cases had vitreous loss. Out of 10 lens particle glaucoma cases, 50% (5 cases) had a good vision of 6/12 when compared to other types of lens induced glaucoma. Intraocular pressure was in the range of 12-14mmhg in 60% cases, 16-18mmhg in 40% cases at the end of six weeks. CONCLUSION: In our study, most of the patients had good vision in fellow eye and PCIOL status. This shows that patients ignored the reduced vision in affected eye due to good vision in fellow eye so their daily life was not affected until they developed symptoms. In lens induced glaucoma, surgery is the main stay of treatment after adequate control of intraocular pressure and inflammation with medications. Following surgery, intraocular pressure reduction occurs in all cases and visual improvement occurs in 95% cases

Extraction of High Utility Itemsets using Utility Pattern with Genetic Algorithm from OLTP System

To analyse vast amount of data, Frequent pattern mining play an important role in data mining. In practice, Frequent pattern mining cannot meet the challenges of real world problems due to items differ in various measures. Hence an emerging technique called Utility-based data mining is used in data mining processes.The utility mining not only considers the frequency but also see the utility associated with the itemsets.The main objective of utility mining is to extract the itemsets with high utilities, by considering user preferences such as profit,quantity and cost from OLTP systems. In our proposed approach, we are using UP growth with Genetic Algorithm. The idea is that UP growth algorithm would generate Potentially High Utility Itemsets and Genetic Algorithm would optimize and provide the High Utility Item set from it. On comparing with existing algorithm, the proposed approach is performing better in terms of memory utilization. DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.15039

A Comprehensive Review on Artificial Intelligence Techniques for Covid-19 Pandemic

The pandemic situation due to the emergence of Covid-19 presents various problems physically, economically and mentally for the individuals world-wide, therefore faster solutions with wider access is essential to solve the problems which aids as a support to the healthcare. This is made possible through the incorporation of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology to handle the situation of pandemic. This paper aims to present a comprehensive re-view of the applications employed using AI for the problems faced during Covid-19 pandemic. The AI applications involved in screening, predicting, forecasting, neighborhood contact tracing and drug discovery of Covid-19 are addressed in this review. This review also presents detailed working of AI algorithms in each application. This paper helps the researchers with vivid information of AI applications of Covid-19 pandemic

ASSESSMENT OF ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES, PHENOL AND FLAVONOID CONTENTS OF DIFFERENT EXTRACTS OF LEAVES, BARK AND ROOT FROM THE Abutilon indicum (L.) SWEET

Objective: This study evaluated the antioxidant properties of petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of Abutilon indicum (L).Methods: The different extracts of A. indicum leaves, bark and roots  were antioxidant potential by using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH), 2, 2-Azino-bis-3-ethyl benzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS•+) , Hydrogen peroxide scavenging, Superoxide anions scavenging,  Hydroxyl radical scavenging, Ferric reducing antioxidant power, Total antioxidant activity (Phosphomolybdic acid) and total phenol and flavonoid contents.                      Results: The highest total phenol and flavonoid contents in leaves extracts of A. indicum. The total phenol (3.08 ± 0.06) mg/ml and flavonoid (7.16 ± 0.15) mg/ml were found to be higher in ethyl acetate extract of A. indicum and free radical scavenging activities IC50 values were calculated and compare to standard for L- ascorbic acid, (BHT) butylated hydroxytoluene and gallic acid    Conclusion:  The results of the study revealed that the ethyl acetate extract of A. indicum leaves can be used for the biological characterization and importance of the compounds identified and creates a platform to screen many bioactive compounds to treat many diseases.Keywords: Abutilon indicum, Free radical scavenging activity, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl, 2-azino-bis-3-ethyl benzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid,Ferric reducing antioxidant power

Analysis of Immunohistochemical Expression of CD10 in the Lesions of Prostate

BACKGROUND : Prostatic lesions cause significant morbidity and mortality among the elderly males worldwide. The symptoms due to prostate lesions whether benign or malignant are related to urinary symptoms, thus cannot be differentiating between these two entities clinically. Prostate cancer is the most aggressive malignant neoplasm with varied clinical presentations. This tumor does not show any warning signs in its early course of development. OBJECTIVE : Our objective was to (i) identify and to analyze the expression of CD10 in various lesions of prostate, (ii) to evaluate the expression of CD10 in the malignant lesions of prostate, (iii) to correlate the CD10 expression with age, histopathological grading, serum PSA level, of prostatic tumor cases. MATERIALS AND METHODS : A total sample of 40 cases were analysed during the period of June 2012 to May 2016.We categorized the total cases as benign, premalignant and malignant lesions, their age wise distribution was analysed. The cases of prostatic cancer was analysed according to various Gleason grade, Gleason score, serum PSA levels. We performed IHC detection of CD10 in sections of formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue of prostatic biopsy cases and correlated the various patterns of CD10 expression among the different lesions of prostate with respect to histopathological diagnosis. RESULTS : In our study we found that benign prostatic hyperplasia showed predominantly apical membranous staining (BPH with prostatitis shows same apical membranous positivity, PIN showed differential expression with membranous positivity in low grade and absence to combined positivity in high grade PIN. In case of malignant lesions absence of expression in majority of Gleason grade 2 (100%) and grade 3 (76%), cytoplasmic positivity predominance in high grade Gleason grade 4 (71%) and grade 5 (100%). Increased CD10 cytoplasmic expression is seen with increased serum PSA level (>20ng/ml), with predominantly negative staining in serum PSA levels of 10 – 20ng/ml. CONCLUSION : Our study describes different pattern of expression of CD10 in various lesions of prostate. Apical membranous positivity in benign prostatic hyperplasia, same pattern of expression in BPH with prostatits, decreased membranous expression in high grade PIN, and altered expression in prostatic carcinoma. In low grade tumors we noted absence of expression, and repression in the cytoplasmic region of high grade prostatic tumors. Still the exact mechanism and the role of CD10 in the pathogenesis of prostatic carcinoma is under study, one of the hypothesis states that cytoplasmic positivity is due to localization of CD10 molecule in the cytoplasm. This intracytoplasmic accumulation of CD10 drives the cell to constant signaling pathway leading to uncontrolled cell proliferation. Our study also favors this hypothesis as there is cytoplasmic expression in high grade tumors. In future this marker could be used as a diagnostic marker in differentiating benign and malignant lesions, to categorise the low grade and high grade tumors, and to determine the aggressive nature of the neoplasm

A Clinical Evaluation of Adhimadhura Maathirai for Kanakazhichal (Bacillary Dysentery) in Children

Kanakazhichal in children is major health hazard in the developing tropical countries like India which affects the growing children. India is a country having larger population in the world, where people of different socio economic status are found. The poor children who lived in densely populated areas with poor sanitary facilities, lack of personal hygiene,contaminated food and water are the common cause of the disease. It is one among the major cause of morbidity in many countries in the world, So immediate care should be taken as soon as the outbreak of this disease is noticed in children. In modern system medicine they are treating the bacillary dysentery with antibiotics, the drug having some adverse effects like damaging the intestinal mucosa, malabsorption, and decreased intestinal transit time. The management of Kanakazhichal in Siddha system is not popularly known to the common peoples. The author would like to make awareness about the management of Kanakazhichal though Siddha medicine. So it is essential to find out a simple herbal drug to overcome Kanakazhichal. The drug should be easily available, cost effective, easily administered and also easily palatable. Adhimadhura maathirai is found to possess the all these characters . The drug Adhimadura mathirai is specified for Kanakazhichal in Siddha literature Balavagadam. The main ingredients of Adhimadura Mathirai like Adhimaduram, Sathikkai, Madhulam poo, having astringent and also have been found to possess an effective anti bacterial activity and seeragam have been found to be having antibacterial activity. AIM: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of ADHIMADHURA MAATHIRAI in the treatment of KANAKAZHICHAL OBJECTIVES: Primary objectives : To determine the therapeutic potential and effectiveness of the drug in treating of Kanakazhichal. Secondary Objectives : 1. To collect the literary evidence on Kanakazhichal as per siddha system. 2. Clinical evaluation of the disease in the aspects of etiology , pathology, clinical features , treatment, complications and prognosis. 3. To find out the incidence of Kanakazhichal with regard to low socio-economic condition , poor hygiene, and malnutrition. 4. Study of the disease under mukkutrangal, pori pulangal, udal kattugal, neerkuri, neikuri, envagai thervugal. 5. To highlight the factors like diet, land, climate conditions and personal hygienic conditions (Unavu, Thinai, Paruva kaalangal and Ozhukkam) in the incidence of Kanakazhichal. 6. To correlate the sign and symptoms, etiological factors of Kanakazhichal with Bacillary Dysentery in the modern literature. 7. Control of the disease by creating awareness of proper hygiene. 8. Being a herbal preparation it is safe and the drug easily available. 9. To evaluate efficacy of trail medicine on Anti microbial activity by in-vitro studies 10. To evaluate Physico chemical Analysis and Chemical analysis of trail drug. 11. To made awareness among the patients regarding this disease and its prevention. CONCLUSION : All the fourty out patient and in-patient childrens in the P.G Kuzhandhai Maruthuvam department , National Institute of Siddha,Chennai-47 with Kanakazhichal were treated with Adhimadhura Maathirai 1 tablet(580mg) with hotwater two times a day for 3 days. No adverse effects were noticed during the treatment period.The trial drug Adhimadhura Maathirai is purely herbal, easily available drugs and harmless to childrens. The method of preparation is easy and the cost is comparatively economical. The drugs had got Anti bacterial activity.clinical results were found to be good in 90% of cases and moderate results were found in 10% of cases. Because of the encouraging results clinically , the study may be undertaken with same medicine in a large number of cases and it may through new lights to the young researchers and academic community to develop good management procedure for the akazhichal

A PROSPECTIVE INTERVENTIONAL STUDY OF KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE (KAP) TOWARDS TUBERCULOSIS AMONG PATIENTS WITH KOCH'S DISEASE

ABSTRACTObjective: To evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of tuberculosis patients and to provide structured patient education through patient counselling on disease, drugs and lifestyle modifications in tuberculosis patients.Methods: All enrolled patient received structured & standard education regarding the disease tuberculosis, medication, diet & lifestyle modification after the preliminary assessment of KAP towards TB. Changes in the knowledge, attitude, and practice in the post-intervention phase were assessed and analyzed statistically.Results: Change in knowledge score of the patients before and after counselling was observed as 37.74% to 79.06% where the mean change in percentage is 41.32%. The change in the attitude of the patients before and after counselling was found to be 21.61%. Counseling towards practice before and after counseling was increased from 63.18% to 82.12% with a mean change of 18.94%.Conclusion: Change in KAP due to educating the patients would help in the increased adherence to antitubercular therapy (ATT) in the patients with tuberculosis; thereby resistance towards the drugs can be reduced.Keywords: Tuberculosis, Koch's disease, Compliance, KAP study

Financial Performance of Ultratech Cement Industry in India using DuPont Model

This study examines the financial performance of the Indian Ultratech cement industry using the DuPont model, based on secondary data collected through money management. The study collected data over a ten-year period from 2012 to 2021. The study shows that the financial performance of the company is good and had a good trend position in terms of “equity multiplier, return on equity, and net profit margin” during the study period. The study suggested that the company will try to improve its asset turnover so as to improve its overall financial health

Electrocaloric effect of PMN-PT thin films near morphotropic phase boundary

The electrocaloric effect is calculated for PMN-PT relaxor ferroelectric thin film near morphotropic phase boundary composition. Thin film of thickness, ~240 nm, has been deposited using pulsed laser deposition technique on a highly (111) oriented platinized silicon substrate at 700°C and at 100 mtorr oxygen partial pressure. Prior to the deposition of PMN-PT, a template layer of LSCO of thickness, ~60 nm, is deposited on the platinized silicon substrate to hinder the pyrochlore phase formation. The temperature dependent P-E loops were measured at 200 Hz triangular wave operating at the virtual ground mode. Maximum reversible adiabatic temperature change, ΔT = 31 K, was calculated at 140°C for an external applied voltage of 18 V