Electrochemical investigation of mineral electrodes in phosphate-buffered alkaline solution

Cyclic voltammetric methods have been applied to study the electrochemical behavior of the sulfide minerals in phosphate-buffered alkaline solution. The redox process of electrodes of sulfide ores was investigated using silicone-impregnated graphite electrode. The cathodic and anodic reaction products in alkaline solution were determined within the potential range of -2V to +2V (vs. Ag/AgCl). The several successive measurement cycles’ voltammograms leads to the appearance of a new anodic peak at E = 450mV, which is absent in the first cycle and curves, as well as other features that appear in cycling, can probably be explained by secondary electrochemical transformations of the products formed by the oxidation of the original pyrite at the interface between the electrode material.DOI: http://doi.dx.org/10.5564/mjc.v15i0.318 Mongolian Journal of Chemistry 15 (41), 2014, p33-3

Chemical and biological investigation of the Agaricus silvaticus Schaeff ex. Secr

Extract of Agaricus silvaticus Schaeff ex. Secr fungus have been known to have biological activities, including antibacterial, antiviral, anticancer, antioxidant, anticomplementary and immunostimulating effects. In this study we first time identified that Agaricus silvaticus Schaeff ex. Secr has interferon like activity. We first time isolated the four known compounds such as, mannitol (1), urea (2), ergosterol (3) and ergosterol peroxide (4) from 95% ethanol extracts of Agaricus silvaticus Schaeff ex. Secr in Mongolia. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive analysis of spectral data and by comparison with authentic samples.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjc.v12i0.180 Mongolian Journal of Chemistry Vol.12 2011: 92-9

Chemical composition and biological activities of the Agaricus mushrooms

Two species of Agaricus mushroom grown in Mongolia were analyzed for their element content. Biological activity and chemical components study of Agaricus, grown in the Mongolian flora has been investigated for the first time. The ethanol extracts of dried Agaricus sp. mushrooms were analyzed for antioxidant activity on 1,1-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals and interferon-like activity. The ethanol extracts from Agaricus arvensis showed the most potent radical scavenging activity. The IC50 of A. silvaticus and A. arvensis were 216 and 17.75 g/ml respectively. Among the twenty three mushroom extracts, the extracts from A. silvatisus and A. arvensis have shown the interferon-like activity. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjc.v14i0.197Mongolian Journal of Chemistry 14 (40), 2013, p41-4

Environmental injustice and childhood lead exposure in peri-urban (ger) areas of Darkhan and Erdenet, Mongolia

Abstract Background The ger (“tent city”) areas in Mongolia are a product of rapid urbanization and transitional economic development combine with lack of institutional, administrative and financial capacity of governments to cope with the pace. These areas have become traps for inequities in social and environmental services and the associated effects on human health. Disparities in childhood lead exposure in such communities are largely unexplored. Methods We measured the concentrations of lead in blood of children, aged 4–7 years, in Erdenet (Orkhon Province) and Darkhan (Darkhan-Uul Province), the second and third largest cities in Mongolia. A survey instrument was used to gather information on influencing factors on lead exposure and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) was used to assess a spectrum of behavioral problems among the children. Results The mean blood lead level (BLL) of children in the two cities was found to be 3.8 ± 2.6 μg/dL (range: < 1.5–17.2 μg/dL) and 27.8% of the children had BLLs ≥5 μg/dL. Average BLL of children in Erdenet (a mining center) was significantly higher than that for children in Darkhan, and there was statistically significant difference between average BLL of children who live in ger district (4.2 ± 2.8 μg/dL) compared to those of children in housing units within the city (3.2 ± 2.4 μg/dL). In spite of the low values, BLLs was significantly associated with a number of effects on the spectrum of behavioral disorders, specifically with the scores for hyperactivity, conduct disorder and pro-social behavior. Conclusions This study shows that childhood lead poisoning is common especially in ger communities of the urban areas of Mongolia. It contributes evidence showing that BLL low as 3.8 μg/dL can selectively activate some effects from a spectrum of likely behavioral disorders in children.https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/147734/1/12889_2019_Article_6486.pd

Geochemistry and geochronology of the Paleozoic sedimentary rocks in the Shar Khutul area, Central Mongolia

The study area is located in the central part of Tsetserleg terrane in the southwestern margin of the Khangai-Khentey orogenic system. The paper presents new data on geochemistry and geochronology of sedimentary rocks from the Shar Khutul area, where the Tsetserleg terrane consists of Silurian-Devonian oceanic plate stratigraphic unit and Carboniferous shallow water sediment. The Upper Silurian to Middle Devonian Erdenetsogt Formation (S3-D2er), which is an oceanic plate stratigraphic unit, is mainly composed of siliceous siltstone, volcanites, tuffs, quartzite, and cherts. The shallow water sediments are divided into Upper Devonian to Lower Carboniferous Tsetserleg Formation (D3-C1cc) and Lower–Middle Carboniferous Dzargalant Formation (C1-2dz). The Tsetserleg Formation (D3-C1cc) consists of only sedimentary rocks such as bluish-grey sandstones and siltstones, and Lower–Middle Carboniferous Dzargalant Formation (C1-2dz) is principally composed of medium- to coarse-grained, brown-greenish grey sandstones with thin-layers of dark siltstones and gravelites. The SiO2 content of the Shar Khutul area sandstones ranges from 63.85 to 67.95 wt.% and the average content of TiO2 is 0.72 wt.% and Al2O3 content is 14.38 wt.%. The Chemical Index of Alteration (CIA) value ranges from 48.71 to 56.94 and the range of Index of compositional variations (ICV) is from 0.98 to 1.24. Moreover, the samples studied show that most of the sandstones are generally immature and were derived from weakly weathered source rocks. The ratios of Eu/Eu* (0.83), La/Sc (3.81), La/Co (5.30), and Cr/Th (13.81) indicate that the derivation of the Shar Khutul area sandstones from felsic rock sources and confirm the signatures of a felsic igneous provenance and suggest an active continental margin tectonic setting of the source area. The clastic zircons from the medium grained sandstone (Erdenetsogt formation) yield ages between 2.5 Ga and 236 Ma and the detrital zircons exhibit four peak ages at 1.7-2.5 Ga (n = 13), 455-499 Ma (n = 6), 337-382 Ma (n = 13) and 236–250 Ma (n = 5)

Investigation on pyrolysis of some organic raw materials

We have been working on pyrolysis of some organic raw materials including different rank coals, oil shale, wood waste, animal bone, cedar shell, polypropylene waste, milk casein and characterization of obtained hard residue, tar and pyrolytic water and gas after pyrolysis. The technical characteristics of these organic raw materials have been determined and the thermal stability characteristics such as thermal stability indices (T5% and T25%) determined by using thermogravimetric analysis. The pyrolysis experiments were performed at different heating temperatures and the yields of hard residue, tar, pyrolysis water and gaseous products were determined and discussed. The main technical characteristics of hard residue of organic raw materials after pyrolysis have been determined and the adsorption ability of pyrolysis hard residue and its activated carbon of organic raw materials also determined. The pyrolysis tars of organic raw materials were distilled in air condition and determined the yields of obtained light, middle and heavy fractions and bitumen like residue with different boiling temperature. This is the first time to investigate the curing ability of pyrolysis tars of organic raw materials for epoxy resin and the results of these experiments showed that only tar of milk casein has the highest (95.0%), tar of animal bone has certain (18.70%) and tars of all other organic raw materials have no curing ability for epoxy resin

Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world

Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection

The result of propagation of sheep and goat pox viral vaccine strains into vero cells

Background: Sheep and goat pox viral disease, which affects negatively to our country’s economy by prevalence and infection, has high mortality and morbidity rate. Although our country manufactures sheep and goat pox viral vaccine using lamb’s testicle tissue in the Biocombinat (Bio-factory), in winter, there is high number of diseased animals, lamb testicle is scarce, therefore there is a need to produce cell-culture based sheep and goat pox vaccine. Materials and methods: Russian VNIIZJ strain type 2 sheep pox vaccine and Chinese goat pox live vaccine (serial number 010030) antigens were used after 20 times of dilution and propogated into Vero and BHK-21 cell culture. By PCR the result was examined and sequenced by ABI3130xl sequencer machine and sequences were compared by MEGA7 program Results: 3 days after infection sheep pox and 4 days after infection goat pox were shown CPE (cytopathic effect or cytopathogenic effect) respectively, 6 days after the infection both of them has been shown full CPE. From these infected materials we isolated viral DNA and run PCR assay using Biocombinat’s strain as a positive control. PCR products were all equal, 289 bp long. When we compare these DNA sequences of sheep and goat pox viruses, they were 92% identical to complete genome of Indian sheep and goat pox virus. Conclusion: We can produce cell-culture based live vaccine and diagnostic tests for sheep and goat pox viral disease by re-propagating these strains into Vero. Хонь, ямааны цэцгийн вирусын вакцины&nbsp;омгийг vero эсэд дасгасан дүн Хураангуй: Хонь, ямааны цэцгийн вируст өвчин халдвар, тархалт өндөртэй бөгөөд өвчлөл, хорогдлынтүвшин өндөр байгаа нь манай улсын эдийн засагт сөргөөр нөлөөлж байна. Манай улс&nbsp;Биокомбинат (Био-үйлдвэр) үйлдвэрт хонины цэцэг өвчний эсрэг вакциныг хурганы&nbsp;төмсөгний анхдагч эдэд өсгөвөрлөх замаар амьд вакцин, ямааны цэцэг өвчний эсрэг вакциныг&nbsp;ямаанд халдвар хийж ам, хамрын орчинд үүссэн шархны эдийг химийн бодисоор&nbsp;идэвхгүйжүүлэх замаар тус тус үйлдвэрлэж байна. Ялангуяа хонины цэцэг өвчний вакциныг&nbsp;зөвхөн мал төллөх хаврын цагт үйлдвэрлэх боломжтой байдаг нь өвлийн цагт гарсан өвчнийг&nbsp;хянах аргагүйд хүрч байна. Иймээс цаг хугацаанаас хамааралгүй вакцин үйлдвэрлэхэд&nbsp;дамжмал эсийн технологи хэрэглэх зайлшгүй шаардлагатай байна. Оросын VNIIZJ омогашигласан 2 төрлийн хонины цэцгийн амьд вакцин, Хятадын ямааны цэцгийн амьд вакцин&nbsp;(серийн дугаар 010030) шингэлж, Vero эсийн өсгөвөрт халдаасан. Стандарт ПГУ-аар үр дүнг&nbsp;шалгаж, ABI3130xl sequencer машинаар үүсгэгчийн нуклеотидын дарааллыг тодорхойлсон ба&nbsp;MEGA7 програмаар дарааллуудыг харьцуулж удам зүйн мод байгуулсан. Эсэд халдвар&nbsp;хийснээс 3 хоногийн дараа хонины цэцэг, 4 хоногийн дараа ямааны цэцэг CPE (cytopathic effect)&nbsp;буюу эс эмгэгшүүлэх нөлөө тус тус үзүүлсэн бөгөөд 6 хоногийн дараа хоёулаа бүрэн CPE&nbsp;үзүүлсэн байна. Эдгээр вирус агуулсан эсийн тэжээлт орчноос бид вирусын ДНХ ялгаж&nbsp;Биокомбинат-ын хонины цэцгийн Перего омгийг эерэг хяналт болгон ашиглаж ПГУ-ын&nbsp;шинжилгээг явуулсан. ПГУ-ын бүтээгдэхүүн бүгд адилхан, 289 хос суурийн урттай байсан.&nbsp;Хонь, ямааны цэцгийн вирусын ДНХ-ийн нуклеотидын дарааллыг харьцуулж үзэхэд хониныцэцгийн вирусын бүтэн геномтой 92%, ямааны цэцгийн вирусын бүтэн геномтой 90% адилханбайв. Бид эдгээр өвчний үүсгэгчийг Vero эсэд халдвар хийх нөхцлийг тогтворжуулсан ньдамжмал эсийн өсгөвөрт суурилсан амьд вакцины түүхий эдийг ихээр бэлтгэх боломжтойболлоо. Түлхүүр үг: эсийн өсгөвөр, эсийн эмгэгшил, днх дараалал, амьд вакци