Lemmata w staropolskich konstrukcjach stemmatycznych jako przejaw hybrydyzacji gatunkowej

Lemmata in Old-Polish Armorial Poetry as a Manifestation of Genological Hybridization One of the most popular panegyrical forms in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth was the so-called “stemmata”. Similar to emblems, these visual works consisted of an illustrated coat of arms and an epigram, often attached to the front matter of printed texts during the Old-Polish Period. This article discusses select cases in which, influenced by emblems, lemma are incorporated into the stemmas structure. The text explains how the lemma is introduced to the stemma and how it affects stemmas meaning. Particular attention has been paid to cases in which mottos are treated as the title of a combination of a coat of arms and a poem. The text also analyzes “academic stemmata”, a sub-genre of a heraldic poems that consists of several features characteristic of emblems. The presence of lemma in the structure of stemmata is recognized as the consequence of a trend to liven up this visual form. Making the emblem more attractive was a way to draw the attention of readers, increasing the producer chance of communicating a panegyrical message. Not only the authors of stemma, but also their powerful patrons came to require this effect. The presence of lemma in the structure of heraldic poems also relates to the role of mottos in the Jesuit educational system. Mottos and verba aurea were treated by teachers from Societas Iesu as a very useful medium for presenting moral and parenetic subjects and it was fairly easy for authors of stemmata to use them for panegyric purposes. The lemmas role within the stemmas structure was twofold; it created a special connection between the stemma and the main text and simultaneously linked the fictional word of literature with the real one. The popularity of “classic stemmata” in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth led to the creation and popularization of other hybrid forms composed of a coat of arms and other textual elements

Lemmata in Old-Polish Armorial Poetry as a Manifestation of Genological Hybridization

One of the most popular panegyrical forms in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth was the so-called “stemmata”. Similar to emblems, these visual works consisted of an illustrated coat of arms and an epigram, often attached to the front matter of printed texts during the Old-Polish Period. This article discusses select cases in which, influenced by emblems, lemma are incorporated into the stemmas structure. The text explains how the lemma is introduced to the stemma and how it affects stemmas meaning. Particular attention has been paid to cases in which mottos are treated as the title of a combination of a coat of arms and a poem. The text also analyzes “academic stemmata”, a sub-genre of a heraldic poems that consists of several features characteristic of emblems. The presence of lemma in the structure of stemmata is recognized as the consequence of a trend to liven up this visual form. Making the emblem more attractive was a way to draw the attention of readers, increasing the producer chance of communicating a panegyrical message. Not only the authors of stemma, but also their powerful patrons came to require this effect. The presence of lemma in the structure of heraldic poems also relates to the role of mottos in the Jesuit educational system. Mottos and verba aurea were treated by teachers from Societas Iesu as a very useful medium for presenting moral and parenetic subjects and it was fairly easy for authors of stemmata to use them for panegyric purposes. The lemmas role within the stemmas structure was twofold; it created a special connection between the stemma and the main text and simultaneously linked the fictional word of literature with the real one. The popularity of “classic stemmata” in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth led to the creation and popularization of other hybrid forms composed of a coat of arms and other textual elements

W poszukiwaniu najstarszego polskiego stemmatu – pytania i propozycje odpowiedzi

Artykuł dotyczy renesansowych początków polskich stemmatów, kompozycji złożonych z herbów i opartych na nich wierszy. Głównym celem tekstu jest wskazanie najstarszego polskiego stemmatu i weryfikacja dotychczasowych ustaleń w tym zakresie. Odpowiedzi na to pytanie szukano w polskich i zagranicznych opracowaniach oraz najstarszych krakowskich i obcych drukach. Artykuł prezentuje i omawia wyniki tych poszukiwań – różne kryteria prowadzenia badań doprowadzają do odmiennych rezultatów. W gronie kandydatów na twórcę najstarszego polskiego stemmatu znaleźli się wybitni polscy humaniści z początków XVI w.: Jan Dantyszek, Andrzej Krzycki oraz Paweł z Krosna.The article deals with the Renaissance beginnings of Polish stemmata, i.e. compositions consisting of coats of arms and poems that are based on them. The main purpose of the text is to indicate the oldest Polish stemma and to verify previous research results in this area. Answers to this question were sought in Polish and foreign studies as well as in the oldest Cracow and foreign early prints. The article presents and discusses the results of this search – different test criteria lead to different effects. The group of candidates for the author of the oldest Polish stemma includes outstanding Polish humanists from the beginning of the sixteenth century: Jan Dantyszek, Andrzej Krzycki, and Paweł of Krosno

SOME INSCRIPTIONS PERTAINING TO ANCIENT ROMAN WRITERS IN A COLLECTION FROM LATE 16TH CENTURY

The article discusses those inscriptions included by Nathan Chytraeus in his Variorum in Europa itinerum deliciae that pertain to Virgil, Livy, Cicero, both Plinys and Pacuvius