Women and the American Civil War: North-South Counterpoints

Review of: Women and the American Civil War: North-South Counterpoints, edited by Judith Giesberg and Randall M. Miller

Daughters of the Union: Northern Women Fight the Civil War

Review of: "Daughters of the Union: Northern Women Fight the Civil War," by Nina Silber

Daughters of the Union: Northern Women Fight the Civil War

Review of: "Daughters of the Union: Northern Women Fight the Civil War," by Nina Silber

Review of \u3ci\u3eFrontier Feminist: Clarina Howard Nichols and the Politics of Motherhood\u3c/i\u3e by Marilyn S. Blackwell and Kristen T. Oertel

After a difficult first marriage that ended in divorce, Clarina Irene Howard Nichols became an avid supporter of married women\u27s property rights, mothers\u27 custody rights, and, eventually, female suffrage. She was a journalist, a newspaper editor, and in 1852 she became the first woman to speak to the Vermont state legislature, in an address in favor of women\u27s school suffrage. By 1853, she was traveling through the Northeast and Midwest as a public lecturer on temperance and women\u27s rights. She emigrated to Kansas in 1854 as a strong advocate of the free soil cause, but also because she had high hopes that people on the frontier would be more open-minded about women\u27s rights than she had found them to be in old conservative Vermont. She campaigned extensively for women\u27s rights in Kansas and spoke in favor of women\u27s suffrage at the state constitutional convention in 1859. While full suffrage for women did not make it into the Kansas constitution at that time, school suffrage, married women\u27s property rights, and mothers\u27 custody rights did. Her suffrage work was interrupted by the Civil War, but she later resumed it and continued it in California, where she moved in 1871 for health reasons

Climate Change Adaptation in Mediterranean Cities: An Introduction to the Special Issue

Given the highly developed nature of Mediterranean regions and their importance in global trade and migration, it is crucial to develop comprehensive solutions for climate change. The widespread societal impacts of climate change add urgency towards transdisciplinary and transnational solutions for climate change adaptation. We represent the Mediterranean Climate Change Consortium (MC-4), an international network of scholars, policy makers, and practitioners working towards climate change adaptation in cities with Mediterranean climates. Our proposition is that areas with similar, Mediterranean, climates will have more climate adaptation lessons to share with each other than areas with distinctly different climates. As a step towards this, we present this special issue, which is a collection of articles and practitioner notes focused on climate change adaptation in Mediterranean climate cities. While this issue has a special focus on southern California, we hope these articles serve as a springboard for the discussion of adaptation lessons from other Mediterranean areas. We look forward to highlighting these regions in subsequent issues. We would like to invite other Mediterranean climate change adaptation scholars and professionals to join us in sharing their research and case studies to be collected in this volume

Randomized Trial on the 5 a Day, the Rio Grande Way Website, A Web-based Program to Improve Fruit and Vegetable Consumption in Rural Communities

The Internet is a new technology for health communication in communities. The 5 a Day, the Rio Grande Way website intended to increase fruits and vegetables (FV) consumption was evaluated in a rural region enrolling 755 adults (65% Hispanic, 9% Native American, 88% female) in a randomized pretest–posttest controlled trial in 2002–2004. A total of 473 (63%) adults completed a 4-month follow-up. The change in daily intake on a food frequency questionnaire (control: mean = − 0.26 servings; intervention: mean = 0.38; estimated difference = 0.64, SD = 0.52, t(df = 416) = 1.22, p = 0.223) and single item (13.9% eating 5+ servings at pretest, 19.8% posttest for intervention; 17.4%, 13.8% for controls; odds ratio (OR) = 1.84, 95% CI = 1.07, 3.17) was in the expected direction but significant only for the single item. Website use was low and variable (logins: M = 3.3, range = 1 to 39.0; total time: M = 22.2 minutes, range = 0 to 322.7), but it was associated positively with fruit and vegetable intake (total time: Spearman r = 0.14, p = 0.004 for food frequency; Spearman r = 0.135, p = 0.004 for single item). A nutrition website may improve FV intake. The comparison on the food frequency measure may have been undermined by its high variability. Websites may be successful in community settings only when they are used enough by adults to influence them

A genome resequencing-based genetic map reveals the recombination landscape of an outbred parasitic nematode in the presence of polyploidy and polyandry

The parasitic nematode Haemonchus contortus is an economically and clinically important pathogen of small ruminants, and a model system for understanding the mechanisms and evolution of traits such as anthelmintic resistance. Anthelmintic resistance is widespread and is a major threat to the sustainability of livestock agriculture globally; however, little is known about the genome architecture and parameters such as recombination that will ultimately influence the rate at which resistance may evolve and spread. Here we performed a genetic cross between two divergent strains of H. contortus, and subsequently used whole-genome re-sequencing of a female worm and her brood to identify the distribution of genome-wide variation that characterises these strains. Using a novel bioinformatic approach to identify variants that segregate as expected in a pseudo-testcross, we characterised linkage groups and estimated genetic distances between markers to generate a chromosome-scale F1 genetic map. We exploited this map to reveal the recombination landscape, the first for any parasitic helminth species, demonstrating extensive variation in recombination rate within and between chromosomes. Analyses of these data also revealed the extent of polyandry, whereby at least eight males were found to have contributed to the genetic variation of the progeny analysed. Triploid offspring were also identified, which we hypothesise are the result of nondisjunction during female meiosis or polyspermy. These results expand our knowledge of the genetics of parasitic helminths and the unusual life-history of H. contortus, and enhance ongoing efforts to understand the genetic basis of resistance to the drugs used to control these worms and for related species that infect livestock and humans throughout the world. This study also demonstrates the feasibility of using whole-genome resequencing data to directly construct a genetic map in a single generation cross from a non-inbred non-model organism with a complex lifecycle

Review of \u3ci\u3eFrontier Feminist: Clarina Howard Nichols and the Politics of Motherhood\u3c/i\u3e by Marilyn S. Blackwell and Kristen T. Oertel

After a difficult first marriage that ended in divorce, Clarina Irene Howard Nichols became an avid supporter of married women\u27s property rights, mothers\u27 custody rights, and, eventually, female suffrage. She was a journalist, a newspaper editor, and in 1852 she became the first woman to speak to the Vermont state legislature, in an address in favor of women\u27s school suffrage. By 1853, she was traveling through the Northeast and Midwest as a public lecturer on temperance and women\u27s rights. She emigrated to Kansas in 1854 as a strong advocate of the free soil cause, but also because she had high hopes that people on the frontier would be more open-minded about women\u27s rights than she had found them to be in old conservative Vermont. She campaigned extensively for women\u27s rights in Kansas and spoke in favor of women\u27s suffrage at the state constitutional convention in 1859. While full suffrage for women did not make it into the Kansas constitution at that time, school suffrage, married women\u27s property rights, and mothers\u27 custody rights did. Her suffrage work was interrupted by the Civil War, but she later resumed it and continued it in California, where she moved in 1871 for health reasons