Programas de mentoria da UFSCar dirigidos a professores iniciantes: uma síntese qualitativa das diferentes ofertas

We present a synthesis of qualitative evidence from theses and dissertations about different mentoring programs that have promoted the professional development of participating beginning teachers (PIs). The programs were related to four research interventions focused on assisting the difficulties and demands of beginning teachers in Basic Education (EB) through mentoring programs. The support was carried out through professional conversations between novice and experienced beginner teachers with experienced teachers trained to act as mentors. The data analysis suggests that the mentoring model adopted in the development of the programs presents favorable elements for the beginning of the teaching career in different teaching areas and levels, and contexts of action, among other aspects. We indicate considerations about the mentoring model adopted and the relevance of further research on the programs and efforts of follow-up and induction of beginning teachers.Se presenta una síntesis de las pruebas cualitativas registradas en las tesis y disertaciones sobre diferentes ofertas de programas de tutoría que han demostrado estar asociados a la promoción del desarrollo profesional de los profesores principiantes participantes. El material considerado se refiere a cuatro investigaciones-intervenciones centradas en ayudar en las dificultades y demandas de los profesores principiantes de Educación Básica (EB) a través de programas de tutoría. El soporte se llevó a cabo mediante conversaciones profesionales entre profesores principiantes con profesores exrimentados formados para actuar como mentores. Los datos del análisis sugieren que el modelo de tutoría adoptado en el desarrollo de los programas presenta elementos favorables para el inicio de la carrera docente en diferentes áreas y niveles educativos, contextos de actuación, entre otros aspectos. Se presentan consideraciones sobre el modelo de tutoría adoptado y la pertinencia de seguir investigando sobre los programas y las acciones de apoyo e inducción de profesores principiantes.  Apresenta-se uma síntese de evidências qualitativas registradas em teses e dissertações sobre as diferentes ofertas de programas de mentoria que se mostraram associadas à promoção do desenvolvimento profissional dos professores iniciantes (PIs) participantes. O material considerado refere-se a quatro pesquisas-intervenções com foco no auxílio às dificuldades e demandas de professores principiantes da Educação Básica (EB) por meio de programas de mentoria. O apoio foi realizado por intermédio de conversas profissionais entre professores iniciantes com docentes experientes formados para atuar como mentores. Os dados da análise realizada sugerem que o modelo de mentoria adotado na realização dos programas apresenta elementos favorecedores do desenvolvimento profissional no início da carreira docente  em diferentes áreas e níveis de ensino, contextos de atuação, entre outros aspectos. Indicam-se considerações sobre o modelo de mentoria adotado e a relevância de novas investigações sobre programas e ações de acompanhamento e indução de professores iniciantes

Physical and emotional causes and consequences of career termination in sports

INTRODUCTION: Elite athletes will have to face sport career termination sooner or later, and this is a crucial and inevitable process that brings about changes in the occupational, financial, social and psychological spheres of their lives, which can be followed by emotional distress. OBJECTIVE: The present study had the aim to research how former Brazilian basketball and professional soccer players have experienced retirement in sports career as well as its causes and consequences. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 79 former elite male athletes (soccer and basketball players) with mean age of 51.75 ± 8.85 years old were assessed. They have been professional athletes for 18.22 ± 4.66 years and had their career termination at about 34.36 ± 4.42 years. A semi-structured interview frame was used and the data were analyzed according to the answers frequency of occurrence for each interview item. RESULTS: It was observed that for 75.9% of these athletes the retirement from sport was their own choice. Age (49.4%) and appearance of other interests (43.0%) were the most frequent reasons related to the retirement. However, they have experienced feelings of sadness (50.6%) and resignation (36.7%) and 43% of the former athletes have experienced worsening in their physical condition after career termination. CONCLUSION: We can conclude that the hereby-assessed athletes have experienced a long sports career, but their retirement caused feelings of sadness. On the other hand, old age itself is a limitation for the practice of elite sports, and its acknowledgement has led to resignation.INTRODUÇÃO: Os atletas de alto rendimento, em determinado momento, se defrontam com o término de carreira esportiva, um processo crucial e inevitável, com exigências de ajustamentos nas esferas da vida ocupacional, financeira, social e psicológica e, que, portanto, pode ser acompanhado por distress emocional. OBJETIVO: O presente estudo teve como objetivo pesquisar como ex-atletas brasileiros de alto nível de basquetebol e futebol profissional experienciaram a aposentadoria da carreira esportiva, suas causas e conseqüências físicas e emocionais. MÉTODOS: Para tanto, foram avaliados 79 ex-atletas de alto nível, do sexo masculino, que pertenciam a duas modalidades esportivas: futebol (N = 57) e basquetebol (N = 22), com média de idade de 51,75 ± 8,85 anos. O tempo de prática como atleta profissional foi de 18,22 ± 4,66 anos e o término da carreira esportiva ocorreu em média aos 34,36 ± 4,42 anos. Utilizou-se uma entrevista semi-estruturada; os dados foram analisados pela freqüência de ocorrência de respostas para cada item da entrevista. RESULTADOS: Observou-se que, para 75,9% dos atletas, a decisão de encerrar a carreira foi espontânea. A idade (49,4%) e outros interesses emergentes (43,0%) foram as principais causas da aposentadoria. Os sentimentos vivenciados nesse momento foram de tristeza (50,6%) e de conformismo (36,7%). Para 43% dos ex-atletas a condição física piorou após o término da carreira. CONCLUSÕES: Os autores concluem que, apesar de os atletas terem experienciado uma carreira esportiva longa, o momento de se aposentar no esporte trouxe sentimentos de tristeza. Por outro lado, a idade é um limitador para a carreira esportiva e reconhecer isso levou ao conformismo.Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Departamento de Reabilitação Centro de Medicina da Atividade Física e do EsporteUniversidade São Judas TadeuUNIFESP, Depto. de Reabilitação Centro de Medicina da Atividade Física e do EsporteSciEL

Cariology in curriculum of brazilian dental schools

FAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOReasons for the iniquities of caries, globally recognized, may be related to how Cariology has been taught in dental schools. In Brazil, the most important universities, when considering healthcare teaching, are the public ones. The objective of this study was to identify the insertion of the contents of Cariology in the course flowcharts of public dental schools in the country. The survey was conducted in 2013 seeking to identify the realities of different geographical regions, aimed to the census of public dental schools. It was performed a documentary analysis of the menus of disciplines, identifying the following issues: number of dental schools that include content related to Cariology in their curricula; average total workload undergraduate courses and disciplines that contemplate the theme; distribution of disciplines in professional training cycles (basic, clinical and public health); existence of discipline and/or a specific department; verification of bibliographic indication directly related to Cariology. The response rate was 93.6%. All dental schools recommended specific books, and none of them had a Department of Cariology. All dental schools in the country contemplated content related to Cariology in their disciplines, distributed in specific disciplines (except for the Northern region) and disciplines in the three cycles of learning (basic, clinical and public health), with larger workload in the clinical cycle. Although public dental schools in Brazil demonstrated commitment to contemplating the content related to Cariology in their disciplines, the emphasis on the clinical cycle may not be promoting the integrated formation of students, which could be contributing to reflect the inequalities of the disease in the country.Reasons for the iniquities of caries, globally recognized, may be related to how Cariology has been taught in dental schools. In Brazil, the most important universities, when considering healthcare teaching, are the public ones. The objective of this study was to identify the insertion of the contents of Cariology in the course flowcharts of public dental schools in the country. The survey was conducted in 2013 seeking to identify the realities of different geographical regions, aimed to the census of public dental schools. It was performed a documentary analysis of the menus of disciplines, identifying the following issues: number of dental schools that include content related to Cariology in their curricula; average total workload undergraduate courses and disciplines that contemplate the theme; distribution of disciplines in professional training cycles (basic, clinical and public health); existence of discipline and/or a specific department; verification of bibliographic indication directly related to Cariology. The response rate was 93.6%. All dental schools recommended specific books, and none of them had a Department of Cariology. All dental schools in the country contemplated content related to Cariology in their disciplines, distributed in specific disciplines (except for the Northern region) and disciplines in the three cycles of learning (basic, clinical and public health), with larger workload in the clinical cycle. Although public dental schools in Brazil demonstrated commitment to contemplating the content related to Cariology in their disciplines, the emphasis on the clinical cycle may not be promoting the integrated formation of students, which could be contributing to reflect the inequalities of the disease in the country254265270FAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOFAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO2009/12370-1; 2011/24042-9As razões para as iniquidades da cárie, mundialmente reconhecidas, podem estar relacionadas ao modo como Cariologia tem sido ensinada nas faculdades de Odontologia. No Brasil, as principais universidades em termos de ensino de saúde, são as públicas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar a inserção dos conteúdos de Cariologia nos fluxos curriculares de cursos de graduação das faculdades públicas de Odontologia do país. A pesquisa foi realizada em 2013 buscando identificar as realidades de diferentes regiões geográficas, visando o censo de faculdades públicas. Foi realizada análise documental dos ementários das disciplinas, identificando: número de faculdades que incluem conteúdos relacionados à Cariologia em seus currículos; carga horária total média dos cursos de graduação e de disciplinas que contemplam a temática; distribuição das disciplinas nos ciclos de formação profissional (básico, clínico e de saúde coletiva); existência de disciplina e/ou departamento específico; verificação de indicação bibliográfica relacionada diretamente à Cariologia. A taxa de resposta foi de 93,6%. Todas as faculdades recomendam livros específicos, e nenhuma delas possui departamento de Cariologia. Todas as faculdades do país contemplam em suas disciplinas conteúdos relacionados à Cariologia, distribuídos em disciplinas específicas (exceção da região Norte) e disciplinas dos três ciclos de aprendizagem (básico, clínico e de saúde coletiva), havendo maior carga horária no ciclo clínico. Embora as faculdades publicas de Odontologia do Brasil demonstrem o compromisso curricular de abordarem conteúdos de Cariologia em suas disciplinas, a ênfase no ciclo clinico pode não estar promovendo a formação integrada dos estudantes, o que poderia estar contribuindo para refletir as desigualdades da doença no paí

Estabilidade do fluoreto de dentifrícios comercializados em Manaus, AM, Brasil

The minimum requirement for the anti-caries effect of a dentifrice is the presence of available and stable fluoride in the formulation. The concentration of available fluoride in the major dentifrices sold in Brazil has been reported, but few data have been published about its stability, which is temperature-dependent. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the concentration and stability of fluoride in dentifrices sold in Manaus, AM, Brazil, which is a typical tropical city. The concentrations of total fluoride, total soluble fluoride, MFP, and of insoluble fluoride of six Brazilian dentifrices and an imported one were analyzed. The analyses were made when the dentifrices were purchased and during a year of storage at room temperature (28.9 ± 1.16°C) and under refrigeration (26.3 ± 0.88°C). The analyses were performed using an ion specific electrode Orion 96-09. At the time of purchase, all the dentifrices analyzed showed more than 1,000 ppm (mug F-/g; w/w) of soluble fluoride. However, in most of them, this form of fluoride was not shown to be stable. The highest loss of soluble fluoride was found for storage at room temperature, reaching up to 40%. Although all dentifrices comply with the Brazilian guidelines with regard to the concentration of total fluoride (maximum of 0.15%), the instability of soluble fluoride observed in some of them can impair their anti-caries effect and this condition is not contemplated in the Governmental rules.O requisito mínimo para que um dentifrício tenha potencial anticárie é ele ter uma formulação com fluoreto na forma solúvel e estável. A concentração de fluoreto solúvel nos dentifrícios vendidos no Brasil tem sido descrita, mas pouco é conhecido sobre sua estabilidade, a qual é função da temperatura. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a concentração e estabilidade do fluoreto em dentifrícios vendidos em Manaus, AM, Brasil. As concentrações de fluoreto total, fluoreto solúvel total, MFP, e de fluoreto insolúvel de seis dentifrícios nacionais e um importado foram determinadas quando da aquisição e durante um período de 12 meses de armazenamento à temperatura ambiental (28,9 ± 1,16°C) e sob ar refrigerado (26,3 ± 0,88°C). Para a análise foi utilizado eletrodo específico para íon fluoreto Orion 96-09. Os resultados mostraram que todos os dentifrícios tinham uma expressiva concentração (mig F-/g; p/p) de fluoreto solúvel total quando da aquisição. Entretanto, a maioria deles não se mostrou estável quando do armazenamento. A maior perda ocorreu à temperatura ambiente, atingindo valores de 40%. Embora a concentração de fluoreto total encontrada em todos os dentifrícios esteja de acordo com a portaria da ANVISA, dependendo das condições de armazenamento a perda de fluoreto solúvel pode comprometer o efeito anticárie de alguns dentifrícios e isto não está contemplado pela portaria brasileira em vigor

VO2 and velocity in rct during continuous incremental treadmill test of uphill and dowhill

The etiology of the drift in VO2 in the respiratory compensatory threshold (RCT) during downhill running is unclear. It was investigated the velocities (VRCT) and VO2 in RCT (RCTVO2) in three different inclinations in the continuous incremental treadmill test (Tt). Eight sedentary women volunteered (24±2 years old) to undergo 10% downhill (DT), 10% uphill (UT) and near-level (NL) in Tt to exhaustion to determine the RCTVO2 and VRCT and peak VO2 on different days and were randomly allocated. VCO2 was examined as function of VE under the assumption that the RCT corresponds to the break point in the VE-VCO2 relationship. Peak VO2 was taken as the average of the highest five consecutive breaths attained in the individual work rates for the steps test in three different inclinations. It was used one-way ANOVA (Tukey’s post hoc test) to compare the differences. Statistical significance was set at P≤ 0.05. Peak VO2 was 34.62±4.20 mL.kg.min-1, 33.14±3.60 mL.kg.min-1 and 32.74±2.66 mL.kg.min-1 for NL, UT and DT respectively (P\u3e0.05). RCTVO2 was NL = 29.14±7.95 mL.kg.min-1, UT = 30.10±4.53 mL.kg.min-1 and DT = 29.70±3.00 mL.kg.min-1 (P\u3e0.05). VRCT was 10.38±1.92 km/h, 8.25±0.89 km/h and 12.88±1.46 km/h for NL, UT and DT respectively (P\u3c0.01). Tukey’s post hoc test find the following differences between NL vs UT (P\u3c0.05), NL vs DT (P\u3c0.05) and UT vs DT (P\u3c0.01). The drift in VO2 in the respiratory compensatory threshold during the three bouts appears unrelated biomechanical factors possibly due to a decoupling of neuromuscular and metabolic responses under the status of training

Qualidade da fluoretação da água de Capão Bonito, SP, Brasil, avaliada pelos controles operacional e heterocontrole

PURPOSE: To evaluate the quality of drinking water fluoridation of Capão Bonito, SP, Brazil, whose optimal fluoride concentration should be between 0.6 to 0.8 ppm F, considering the balance benefits/risks. METHODS: Historical records (n=1,964) from 2005 to 2009 of the water treatment plant (operational control) were evaluated. Also, from July 2009 to June 2010, 120 samples of the network water were collected for analysis and the fluoride concentrations found (external control) were compared with records of operational control of the same period. RESULTS: According to the historical records, 76.3% of the samples had acceptable fluoride concentration and this value was confirmed by the external control done during one year, which found that 80.8% of samples were within the optimal range. However, considering the samples out the optimal range, while the records of the operational control showed values below the minimum, the results of the external control found higher percentage of samples above the maximum. CONCLUSION: The data show the relevance to have a quality control of drinking water fluoridation because at same time the operational control analysis suggests that certain percentage of the population would not be receiving anticaries benefits, the external control indicates that it would be in increased risk of fluorosis.To evaluate the quality of drinking water fluoridation of Capão Bonito, SP, Brazil, whose optimal fluoride concentration should be between 0.6 to 0.8 ppm F, considering the balance benefits/risks. Historical records (n=1,964) from 2005 to 2009 of the water treatment plant (operational control) were evaluated. Also, from July 2009 to June 2010, 120 samples of the network water were collected for analysis and the fluoride concentrations found (external control) were compared with records of operational control of the same period. According to the historical records, 76.3% of the samples had acceptable fluoride concentration and this value was confirmed by the external control done during one year, which found that 80.8% of samples were within the optimal range. However, considering the samples out the optimal range, while the records of the operational control showed values below the minimum, the results of the external control found higher percentage of samples above the maximum. The data show the relevance to have a quality control of drinking water fluoridation because at same time the operational control analysis suggests that certain percentage of the population would not be receiving anticaries benefits, the external control indicates that it would be in increased risk of fluorosis264285290Avaliar a qualidade da fluoretação da água de Capão Bonito, SP, Brasil, cuja concentração de fluoreto deveria estar entre os limites de 0,6 e 0,8 ppm F, considerando o equilíbrio benefícios/riscos. Foram consultados 1964 registros feitos de 2005 a 2009 pela empresa responsável pelo tratamento da água (controle operacional). De 07/2009 a 06/2010, 120 amostras de água foram coletadas e as concentrações de fluoreto encontradas (heterocontrole) foram comparadas com as registradas pelo controle operacional do mesmo período. De acordo com os registros históricos, 76% das amostras tinham concentrações aceitáveis de fluoreto e este valor médio foi confirmado pelo heterocontrole feito, o qual encontrou um valor de 81%. Entretanto, considerando as amostras abaixo e acima dos limites aceitáveis, enquanto os registros do controle operacional mostraram maior porcentagem de valores abaixo do mínimo, os resultados do heterocontrole detectaram maior porcentagem acima do limite máximo. O relatado mostra a importância de haver um controle de qualidade da fluoretação da água de abastecimento publico, porque enquanto as análises feitas pelo controle operacional sugerem que uma porcentagem da população não estaria recebendo os benefícios da fluoretação, o heterocontrole aponta que ela estaria sob risco aumentado de fluorose dentári

Seqüência de Fibonacci e geometria lana: uma proposta de atividades utilizando microcomputadores

Neste texto, relatamos uma experiência desenvolvida com professores de ensino fundamental ou médio, em um Núcleo de Tecnologia Educacional, em que foram propostas atividades para trabalhar com números de Fibonacci a partir de conteúdos de geometria plana. A oficina teve como objetivo sugerir, aos professores, atividades que podem auxiliar alunos de ensino básico a descobrir relações matemáticas e expressá-las. Houve a preocupação em utilizar programas disponíveis na maior parte das escolas que têm microcomputadores, mas as tarefas também podem ser realizadas com recursos usuais, tais como papel, cartolina, canetas. O relato indica os passos sugeridos nas oficinas e apresenta alguns comentários sobre o desenvolvimento das mesmas

Seqüência de fibonacci e geometria lana: uma proposta de atividades utilizando microcomputadores

Neste texto, relatamos uma experiência desenvolvida com professores de ensino fundamental ou médio, em um núcleo de tecnologia educacional, em que foram propostas atividades para trabalhar com números de fibonacci a partir de conteúdos de geometria plana. A oficina teve como objetivo sugerir, aos professores, atividades que podem auxiliar alunos de ensino básico a descobrir relações matemáticas e expressá-las. Houve a preocupação em utilizar programas disponíveis na maior parte das escolas que têm microcomputadores, mas as tarefas também podem ser realizadas com recursos usuais, tais como papel, cartolina, canetas. O relato indica os passos sugeridos nas oficinas e apresenta alguns comentários sobre o desenvolvimento das mesmas

Knowledge of dental caries and salivary factors related to the disease: influence of the teaching-learning process

FAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOKnowledge of factors related to caries and the possible consequences in controlling the disease may show the use of education as a relevant tool for achieving success in terms of dental health maintenance. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between acquired knowledge and salivary factors related to dental caries for freshmen students (n = 44) and trainees (n = 32) of the Piracicaba Dental School. Knowledge about dental caries was evaluated by a discursive questionnaire analyzed by the content analysis technique. Salivary flow and pH, buffer capacity, salivary sucrase activity, microbiological counts (total microorganisms, mutans, and lactobacilli) and inorganic concentration of calcium, phosphorus, and fluoride in saliva were evaluated and compared between groups using the Mann-Whitney test, with a significance of 5%. Trainees demonstrated knowledge of the disease, whereas freshmen showed unspecific and confusing concepts. Among the factors analyzed, statistically significant differences were observed for pH, buffer capacity, sucrase activity, total microorganisms, and calcium and fluoride concentrations in saliva. Knowledge about the disease increases and improves over time during the undergraduate program (highest among trainees); although the students from the final year of the program consume more sugar than those from the previous one, they try to balance this activity with greater exposure to fluorides.Knowledge of factors related to caries and the possible consequences in controlling the disease may show the use of education as a relevant tool for achieving success in terms of dental health maintenance. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between acquired knowledge and salivary factors related to dental caries for freshmen students (n = 44) and trainees (n = 32) of the Piracicaba Dental School. Knowledge about dental caries was evaluated by a discursive questionnaire analyzed by the content analysis technique. Salivary flow and pH, buffer capacity, salivary sucrase activity, microbiological counts (total microorganisms, mutans, and lactobacilli) and inorganic concentration of calcium, phosphorus, and fluoride in saliva were evaluated and compared between groups using the Mann-Whitney test, with a significance of 5%. Trainees demonstrated knowledge of the disease, whereas freshmen showed unspecific and confusing concepts. Among the factors analyzed, statistically significant differences were observed for pH, buffer capacity, sucrase activity, total microorganisms, and calcium and fluoride concentrations in saliva. Knowledge about the disease increases and improves over time during the undergraduate program (highest among trainees); although the students from the final year of the program consume more sugar than those from the previous one, they try to balance this activity with greater exposure to fluorides29117FAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOFAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOFAPESP [2009/12370-1, 2011/24042-9]2009/12370-1; 2011/24042-

Reutilização de Paletes para mobiliário, um estudo de caso / Reuse of Pallets for furniture case

Este trabalho tem como premissa analisar a reutilização do palete para mobiliário residencial e peças decorativas, acompanhando um ‘case’ de uma pequena empresa do setor de artesanato, que por iniciativa própria adotou o palete como insumo principal para composição de peças de decoração e mobiliário. A utilização da madeira pinus, proveniente de palete na fabricação de móveis e peças de decoração para diversos fins, evita que essa madeira seja descartada de forma inadequada ao meio ambiente. Este sistema de reaproveitamento da principal matéria prima utilizada na confecção das peças, torna a proposta da marcenaria sustentável, gerando móveis de qualidade, com custo relativamente baixo quando comparados a outros materiais. O presente trabalho baseia-se em no estudo de caso da Miss Palete, uma pequena empresa, situada na cidade de Manaus e composta pela parceria entre duas artesãs e dois marceneiros. Em quatro meses de vida, essa iniciativa já reaproveitou em torno de 2.800kg de madeira pinus proveniente de paletes, mostrando que com criatividade é possível dar novos encaminhamentos a esses resíduos