Effective Learning Methods for Clinical Skills in Simulation Laboratories: High-Fidelity Mannequins and Standardized Patients

Abstract Background: Many nursing programs are utilizing simulation laboratories to teach clinical skills in a safe environment. Two modes of high-fidelity simulation—high-fidelity mannequins and standardized patients (SPs)—allow for an interactive experience that closely resembles the health care setting. Objectives: The purpose of this integrative literature review was to compare the two high-fidelity simulation methods—high-fidelity mannequins and standardized patients (SPs)—and their benefits when it comes to the development of nursing skills. Furthermore, the paper explored how skills learning laboratories can be optimized. Method: An integrative literature review of 19 research articles was conducted using databases of CINAHL, ERIC, and ProQuest. Search terms included nursing, skills, learning laboratories, undergraduate, baccalaureate, simulation, high-fidelity, mannequins, manikins, and standardized patients. Results: Three benefits were identified in the utilization of high-fidelity mannequins including effective learning and knowledge acquisition, satisfaction with the simulated experience, and improved self-confidence. Four benefits of simulations with standardized patients consisted of improved communication skills, improved clinical judgement, increased confidence, and applicability. Furthermore, common themes of the optimal environments in skill learning laboratories included discussion and engagement, approachable and innovative instructors, and opportunity for practice. Conclusion: Both high-fidelity mannequins and standardized patients give students a closely simulated health care experience. Further studies are needed to directly compare multiple attributes of high-fidelity mannequins and standardized patients. Finally, optimal learning environments were found to be supportive and engaging and led by approachable and innovative instructors