Failure Mechanism of True 2D Granular Flows

Most previous experimental investigations of two-dimensional (2D) granular column collapses have been conducted using three-dimensional (3D) granular materials in narrow horizontal channels (i.e., quasi-2D condition). Our recent research on 2D granular column collapses by using 2D granular materials (i.e., aluminum rods) has revealed results that differ markedly from those reported in the literature. We assume a 2D column with an initial height of h0 and initial width of d0, a defined as their ratio (a =h0/d0), a final height of h , and maximum run-out distance of d . The experimental data suggest that for the low a regime (a <0.65) the ratio of the final height to initial height is 1. However, for the high a regime (a >0.65), the ratio of a to (d-d0)/d0, h0/h , or d/d0 is expressed by power-law relations. In particular, the following power-function ratios (h0/h=1.42a^2/3 and d/d0=4.30a^0.72) are proposed for every a >0.65. In contrast, the ratio (d-d0)/d0=3.25a^0.96 only holds for 0.65< a1.5. In addition, the influence of ground contact surfaces (hard or soft beds) on the final run-out distance and destruction zone of the granular column under true 2D conditions is investigated.Comment: 8 page

The Relationship Between the Human Capital and Economic Growth: A Case of Vietnam

Human capital are not only the engine of economic growth but also increase the global competitiveness for countries. Improving labor quality helps countries improve long-term economic efficiency. This article uses annual data in the period 1990 - 2017 in Vietnam, which attempts to explore the relationship between total capital formation, the labor quantity, education levels and life expectancy with economic growth. By using OLS regression, the analysis results shown that the gross capital formation, the labor quantity, education levels and life expectancy are positive and have a significant impact on GDP in Vietnam. Furthermore, the Granger causality test indicates that there is a two-way causal relationship between labor and economic growth (GDP) in Vietnam. Keywords: Human capital, Economic growth, Education levels, Granger causality DOI: 10.7176/IEL/9-5-04 Publication date:June 30th 201

Each lecturer is only allocated 10 - 15 million VND per year for scientific research

Currently, the situation regarding funding for scientific research activities at some universities is still limited, with investment being small and scattered. This issue was raised by Associate Professor Dinh Minh Hang, Head of the International Administration Department, during a dialogue session with Minister of Education and Training Nguyen Kim Son on August 15th

The Use of Anti-Oxidants in the Treatment of Persistent, Non-Responsive Oral Lichen Planus: A Randomized Control Clinical Trial

Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory disease of unknown etiology. Typical management of OLP involves topical corticosteroids. Recent literature shows an association between high levels of various oxidative stress markers, such as malondialdehyde (MDA), and OLP. A combination antioxidant gel consisting of phloretin and ferulic acid has been shown to have beneficial effects. In order to test the efficacy of this particular combination of antioxidants in managing OLP and to contribute to the literature linking oxidative stress to signs and symptoms of OLP, we conducted a double-blinded, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial. A total of 33 patients with biopsy-confirmed OLP being treated for at least 6 weeks and presenting with persistent or non-responsive symptoms and lesions were given either a placebo (PLC, n = 16) or a test gel (AO, n = 17) and instructed to use three times a day for 4 weeks. Symptom scoring using a VAS, lesional scoring using an OLP scoring system, and salivary levels of oxidative stress markers, 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured at baseline, 2 weeks, and 4 weeks. VAS for the AO group decreased to 14.25 ± 14.05 at 2 weeks and 16.75 ± 22.14 at 4 weeks from 33.25 ± 28.82 at baseline, OLP lesional scores decreased to 6.26 ± 4.10 at 2 weeks and was 6.53 ± 4.63 at 4 weeks from 7.79 ± 5.18 at baseline, 8-OH-dG decreased 17.9% from 216.88 ± 132.01 at baseline to 178 ± 116.56 at 4 weeks, and MDA increased from 3.24 ± 1.07 to 4.63 ± 1.82 at 4 weeks. The changes were not statistically different from the PLC group in terms of VAS, OLP lesion score, salivary 8- OH-dG, and salivary MDA at any time point (p >0.05) except for at 4 weeks for MDA (p <0.05. The study revealed that a topical combination antioxidant gel did not differ from a placebo in any of the parameters measured. However, patients did not report any severe flare-ups and had better patient acceptance to topical steroids. To our knowledge, this is the first study to report on salivary 8-OH-dG and MDA levels in patients with oral lichen planus undergoing treatment. VAS for the AO group decreased to 14.25 ± 14.05 at 2 weeks and 16.75 ± 22.14 at 4 weeks from 33.25 ± 28.82 at baseline, OLP lesional scores decreased to 6.26 ± 4.10 at 2 weeks and was 6.53 ± 4.63 at 4 weeks from 7.79 ± 5.18 at baseline, 8-OH-dG decreased 17.9% from 216.88 ± 132.01 at baseline to 178 ± 116.56 at 4 weeks, and MDA increased from 3.24 ± 1.07 to 4.63 ± 1.82 at 4 weeks. The changes were not statistically different from the PLC group in terms of VAS, OLP lesion score, salivary 8-OH-dG, and salivary MDA at any time point (p >0.05) except for at 4 weeks for MDA (p <0.05. The study revealed that a topical combination antioxidant gel did not differ from a placebo in any of the parameters measured. However, patients did not report any severe flare-ups and had better patient acceptance to topical steroids. To our knowledge, this is the first study to report on salivary 8-OH-dG and MDA levels in patients with oral lichen planus undergoing treatment

CHARACTERISTICS OF 7th GRADERS IN THAI NGUYEN CITY (VIETNAM) FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF DIFFERENTIAL LEARNERS IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION ACTIVITIES

Differentiated-oriented physical education (PE) helps learners to participate in learning activities with content and form suitable to their individual characteristics. Capturing the individual characteristics of learners is of great significance in the process of physical education. Through document research, interviews, pedagogical observations and examination, the research assesses the characteristics of 7th graders in Thai Nguyen City from the perspective of differential learners in Physical Education. This is an important basis for organizing physical education activities in the direction of differentiation for 7th graders in Thai Nguyen City.  Article visualizations

Prosthetic Socket Cooling System

A team of four senior-level undergraduate students in the Interdisciplinary Senior Project Design course in the Engineering Department of California Polytechnic State University: San Luis Obispo have worked to develop a prosthetic socket cooling system, namely for veteran Taylor Morris and exclusively for a transfemoral prosthetic socket, under the Quality of Life+ Laboratory. This cooling system will utilize the thermoelectric effect known as the Peltier effect to transmit heat generated from the residual limb to the surrounding environment by means of forced convection over small aluminum heat sinks. Two measurement devices have also been developed to, one, measure the heat generated by the muscles of the femoral area by a thermocouple temperature sensor network and, two, measure the efficiency of the proposed socket cooling system by applying a pseudo heat source and ensuring that the Peltier modules are removing the excess heat generated to hold and regulate the residual limb skin temperature

SITUATION OF THE TEACHING PHYSICAL EDUCATION FOR SEVENTH GRADERS IN THAI NGUYEN CITY FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF DIVISION IN EDUCATION

Differentiation-oriented physical education (PE) helps learners participate in learning activities with content and forms suitable to their personal characteristics. Through researching documents, interviews, and pedagogical observations, the project explores the current status of teaching physical education to 7th graders in Thai Nguyen City from the perspective of division in education. The results of this research are an important practical basis to propose measures to organize teaching physical education in a differentiated direction for 7th graders in Thai Nguyen City.  Article visualizations