The impact of the smoke free law on the number of car crashes related with alcohol consumption

I study the effects of the changes on the tobacco control laws in the United States on the number of car crashes related with alcohol consumption. Understanding how these law changes affected the number of fatalities involving an alcohol-impaired driver can shed light on the link between alcohol and tobacco .I explore the timing of adoption in different states in a difference-in-differences framework to identify the results. I observe a significant decrease in alcohol related accidents two years after anti-tobacco policies, however this reduction seems not be associated with the smoke free laws in bars and restaurants because I also observe the same consequence in the number of car crashes not related with alcohol consumption. Thus, there is a reduction on the overall total car crashes after the application of the smoke free laws but it is not an unintended consequence due to the relationship between drinking and smoking

A produção e industrialização do café no Brasil e a economia nacional: simulações sob um modelo inter-regional de insumo-produto

This paper intends to analyze the behavior and importance of the sectors of agricultural production and industrialization of coffee for each of the main Brazilian producers (Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo, Sao Paulo, Paraná, Bahia and Rondônia) in relation to their economies and in relation to other sectors of the national economy. Building an inter-regional input-output system for the year 2002, with seven regions and 44 sectors per region in order to obtain 308 sectors in total, we studied the impact of changes in the volume of production of the sectors objective of the study (Arabica Coffee, Robusta Coffee and Coffee Industry). We developed a series of simulations involving the production in certain regions. The simulations were chosen based on the alternative scenarios to those currently practiced in Brazil, enabling observe the impact that changes in regional production can generate about Production Multipliers (Type I and II), Value Added Multipliers (Type I and II) and Employment Multipliers (Type I and II)

A produção e industrialização do café no Brasil e a economia nacional: simulações sob um modelo inter-regional de insumo-produto

This paper intends to analyze the behavior and importance of the sectors of agricultural production and industrialization of coffee for each of the main Brazilian producers (Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo, Sao Paulo, Paraná, Bahia and Rondônia) in relation to their economies and in relation to other sectors of the national economy. Building an inter-regional input-output system for the year 2002, with seven regions and 44 sectors per region in order to obtain 308 sectors in total, we studied the impact of changes in the volume of production of the sectors objective of the study (Arabica Coffee, Robusta Coffee and Coffee Industry). We developed a series of simulations involving the production in certain regions. The simulations were chosen based on the alternative scenarios to those currently practiced in Brazil, enabling observe the impact that changes in regional production can generate about Production Multipliers (Type I and II), Value Added Multipliers (Type I and II) and Employment Multipliers (Type I and II)

Previous infection with Staphylococcus aureus strains attenuated experimental encephalomyelitis

Background: Bacterial superantigens are potent T cell activators that can activate T cells with specificity for antigens of the central nervous system (CNS). In this study, we compared the effect of two S. aureus strains on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) development. C57BL/6 female mice were infected with S. aureus ATCC 51650, which produces toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (TSST-1+) or S. aureus ATCC 43300, which does not produce toxins (TOX-). Three days later, the animals were subjected to EAE induction by immunization with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG). The weight variation, disease incidence and clinical score were recorded daily. Cytokines and Foxp3+ regulatory T cells in the brain were evaluated during the acute disease phase. Cytokines and Foxp3+ regulatory T cells in the spleen and histopathological analysis of the CNS were assessed during the chronic stage.Results: Previous infection with both strains similarly decreased the clinical score; however, only the TSST-1+ strain clearly diminished inflammation in the CNS. The infections also modulated cytokine production in the spleen and CNS. Reduced production of IL-5 and IL-10 was detected in MOG-stimulated spleen cultures in the TOX- and TSST-1+ infected groups, respectively. In S. aureus stimulated cultures, there was an increased production of IFN-gamma and IL-10 in both infected groups and an increased level of IL-5 in the TSST-1+ group. CNS infiltrating cell cultures from previously infected mice produced less IL-17 in response to MOG and more IFN-gamma in response to S. aureus stimulation.Conclusions: These results indicated that both strains attenuated clinical EAE manifestations, but only TSST-1 clearly decreased CNS inflammation

Núcleos de Ensino da Unesp: artigos 2011: volume 3: tecnologias da informação e comunicação e material pedagógico

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP

Neotropical freshwater fisheries : A dataset of occurrence and abundance of freshwater fishes in the Neotropics

The Neotropical region hosts 4225 freshwater fish species, ranking first among the world's most diverse regions for freshwater fishes. Our NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set is the first to produce a large-scale Neotropical freshwater fish inventory, covering the entire Neotropical region from Mexico and the Caribbean in the north to the southern limits in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. We compiled 185,787 distribution records, with unique georeferenced coordinates, for the 4225 species, represented by occurrence and abundance data. The number of species for the most numerous orders are as follows: Characiformes (1289), Siluriformes (1384), Cichliformes (354), Cyprinodontiformes (245), and Gymnotiformes (135). The most recorded species was the characid Astyanax fasciatus (4696 records). We registered 116,802 distribution records for native species, compared to 1802 distribution records for nonnative species. The main aim of the NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set was to make these occurrence and abundance data accessible for international researchers to develop ecological and macroecological studies, from local to regional scales, with focal fish species, families, or orders. We anticipate that the NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set will be valuable for studies on a wide range of ecological processes, such as trophic cascades, fishery pressure, the effects of habitat loss and fragmentation, and the impacts of species invasion and climate change. There are no copyright restrictions on the data, and please cite this data paper when using the data in publications