A Comparative Analysis to Understand the Subnational Motivations for Renewable Energy Development in India

Providing energy security and diversifying the energy production in India align with the country’s rising power ambitions and policy goals to industrialize. Renewable energy provides a useful tool for the state to meet these policy goals without producing more air pollution and additional environmental degradation. The Central Government has international ambitions of with becoming a rising responsible power; these aspirations have created new resources, incentives, and policy ideas for the subnational states in India. The purpose of this thesis is to map out the motivations, interests, and incentives of subnational elites in devising policies to promote renewable energy development in Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Gujarat, and Rajasthan. I develop an analytical framework based on four variables: 1) state-level party politics, 2) financial space/ indebtedness of state distribution companies, 3) institutional knowledge in state-level nodal renewable energy agencies, and 4) state-level linkages with the private sector to examine different modes of vertical alignment that subnational actors employ to develop renewable energy policies. I find that environmental concerns weren’t the primary driver of renewable energy development; instead, environmental benefits were an unintended outcome of private sector actors and state elites coordinating with the Central Government to address the pressing needs of ensuring reliable energy for industry leaders. In particular, Kerala demonstrates that even when active environmental movements and popular support exists for renewable energy, unless there are active private sector linkages, renewable energy development will remain slow. These findings may be very helpful for central government officials in India and state-level bureaucrats trying to devise climate change mitigation policies on the subnational level. Moreover, international climate change negotiators could use these findings to engage with India more to accelerate renewable energy development to slow anthropogenic climate change

Suicide and Attempted Suicide in the Royal Navy

A series of 162 cases of suicide over the last 13 years and of 315 cases of attempted suicide over the last 5 years in the Royal Navy have been collected for this study and have been analysed in detail. It has been shown that the ratio of suicide to attempted suicide in the Royal Navy is approximately 1 : 8. 5. Suicide has been shown to be little influenced by stressful situations in the Royal Navy; attempted suicide is however influenced by such situations. It has also been shown that the majority of attempted suicides in the Royal Navy are histrionic and self-directed aggressive acts, in which the element of an appeal for help amounting almost to blackmail in such a setting as the Navy, was well marked; the attempted suicide was expected to influence the patient's environment and not to produce death. It has also been shown that both suicide and attempted suicide tend to be concentrated in groups where aggressive tendencies must be carefully controlled. It is seldom encountered in groups in the service where aggression can be discharged, either directly as in conditions of active service or indirectly by frequent exposure to the risks of danger and death. No findings contrary to those already recorded by other workers on these subjects in relation to the various aspects of suicide and attempted suicide (for example, the increasing tendency to suicide with increasing age, the methods used etc.) have been demonstrated. Durkheim's original findings on suicide in military personnel have been confirmed. A hypothesis has been put forward, linking suicide and attempted suicide under Royal Naval conditions of service in an inverse ratio with the ability and opportunity to discharge aggressive drives. It has been suggested that suicide and attempted suicide are basically the same act, performed by different groups of people, depending ultimately on the relative development of instinctual drives and ego strength

Torts - Negligence - Licensee - Invitee - Standard of Care

The Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts has held that the common law distinction between a licensee and an invitee is abrogated and that the standard of care owed by an occupier to a non-trespasser is to be decided by personal negligence criteria. Mounsey v. Ellard, 297 N.E.2d 43 (Mass. 1973)

Transistor applications

Thesis (M.A.)--Boston UniversityThe Transistor is a new device employing a semi-conductor base material in conjunction with multiple point contacts to perform many of the functions of vacuum tubes. Although the unit is still in an embryonic stage, its many advantages offer incentive for research. A convenient subject cross-file for analysis of reference data is described. The history of amplifying crystals is outlined for the period beginning 1923 to June, 1948. An analogy is draw between the commercial history of previous inventions end the present status of the Transistor. The history and publicity accorded the Transistor are presented, and analyzed in terms of its potential acceptance as a commercial electronic component. Recently reported developments and public demonstrations are discussed. Sketches and micro-photographs show the details of contacts and germanium wafers as currently produced. Size is compared with standard components. Possibilities for mass production are considered. A brief survey of the theory of conduction in semi-conductors is given as a basis for the theory of Transistor action. An analogy to space charge control is offered. Transistor action is described and typical results presented. Analysis of the action by the use of total derivatives shows that the reflex trans-conductance term describes an effect which cause the voltage across the input terminals to reverse and throw the unit into a regenerative state of operation. The methods of dimensional analysis are employed to investigate the possible combinations of parameters which can occur. It is found that free charge cannot be one of these parameters. The trans-conductance is seen to be a function of the collector impedance. Experiments on the construction of Transistors from 1N34 germanium diode parts are described. Microphotographs show the stages of assembly. Test equipment and procedures are described. Typical circuits and results are give in diagrams and graphs. It is found that units suitable for low performance applications can be assembled satisfactorily on an experimental basis. Characteristics. of twenty-three commercial units are tabulated and are found to disperse widely on a scatter diagram. Performance of units in various circuits is analyzed. A simple R-C oscillator circuit, based on the presence of like phase at input and output, is investigated and found to have interesting and useful properties. The reversal of emitter voltage is experimentally verified. The potential applications of Transistors are evaluated in terms of known and anticipated characteristics. Twenty advantages and fifteen disadvantages are briefly summarized in decreasing order of importance. Circuit functions are divided into five generic groups. Within each group the specific type of circuit is discussed in terms of Transistor characteristics. Any predominantly advantageous specific applications are mentioned. A bibliography of fifty-nine references on Transistors is appended

Light Adaptations Of Plants: A Model Based On The Seagrass Zostera Marina L

Thesis (M.S.) University of Alaska Fairbanks, 197

Human Pattern Recognition in Data Sonification

Computational music analysis investigates the relevant features required for the detection and classification of musical content, features which do not always directly overlap with musical composition concepts. Human perception of music is also an active area of research, with existing work considering the role of perceptual schema in musical pattern recognition. Data sonification investigates the use of non-speech audio to convey information, and it is in this context that some potential guidelines for human pattern recognition are presented for discussion in this paper. Previous research into the role of musical contour (shape) in data sonification shows that it has a significant impact on pattern recognition performance, whilst investigation in the area of rhythmic parsing made a significant difference in performance when used to build structures in data sonifications. The paper presents these previous experimental results as the basis for a discussion around the potential for inclusion of schema- based classifiers in computational music analysis, considering where shape and rhythm classification may be employed at both the segmental and supra-segmental levels to better mimic the human process of perception

Letter, William Cullen Bryant to O. A. Nesmith, September 3, 1868

This letter, dated September 3, 1868, is written from William Cullen Bryant, an American romantic poet, journalist, and long-time editor of the New York Evening Post, to his lawyer, O. A. Nesmith. This note was found tipped into volume three, between pages 258-259 of Abraham Lincoln : A History by John G. Nicolay and John Hay.https://scholarsjunction.msstate.edu/fvw-manuscripts-nicolay-and-hay-documents/1021/thumbnail.jp