Evaluación del efecto de las artemisininas provenientes del extracto etanólico de Artemisia cina sobre L3 de Haemonchus contortus en una técnica de explantes abomasales

The new approach of integrated nematode control has driven to look for other alternatives that consider steadily and sustainable the environment. The aim of the present study was to obtain different ethanolic fracctions from Artemisia cina plant, using artemisinins, and to evaluate the nematicide association capacity effect with infective larvae (L3) and abomasal explant. The artemisinins from A. cina were obtained by thin layer chromatography and were evaluated on unsheathed L3 of Haemonchus contortus. The abomasal technique explants were performed for triplicate and compared as follows: three control with levamisole (7.5 mg/ml), commercial artemisinin (1 mg/ml), and distillate water, and six A. cina fracctions at 1 mg/ml each one: Ac3k, Ac3b, Ac3a, Ac3h, Ac3i and Ac4b. No significant differences between fractions of A. cina and commercial artemisinin (p>0.05) were obtained. These findings led us to conclude that there was no association capacity effect of fractions of A. cina on unsheathed L3 of H. contortus, to the abomasal tissue. It is important to continue with more studies to determine the parasitic phase in which the artemisinin viability is susceptible to be affected.El nuevo enfoque de control integrado de parásitos obliga a buscar alternativas que consideren el medioambiente, es decir, sostenibles y sustentables. El objetivo de este trabajo fue fraccionar el extracto etanólico de la planta Artemisia cina, obtener artemisininas y conocer el efecto de estas sobre la capacidad de asociación de las L3 de Haemonchus contortus en explantes abomasales. El extracto etanólico se fraccionó por medio de la metodología establecida para Artemisia japónica, y se identificaron las artemisininas por medio de cromatografía en capa fina, teniendo como referencia artemisininas comerciales. Las artemisininas se utilizaron sobre L3 desenvainada, se realizó la técnica de explantes abomasales por triplicado y se compararon así: levamisol (7.5 mg/ml), artemisinina comercial (1 mg/ml), agua y seis diferentes fracciones de A. cina a dosis de 1 mg/ml: Ac3k, Ac3b, Ac3a, Ac3h, Ac3i, Ac4b. No se obtuvieron diferencias significativas entre las fracciones de A. cina y artemisinina comercial (p&gt,0.05). Se concluye que no existió efecto de las artemisininas obtenidas del extracto etanólico de A. cina sobre la capacidad de asociación de las L3 de H. contortus al tejido abomasal. Es importante continuar con más estudios de la artemisinina para determinar sobre qué fase del parásito afecta su viabilidad

Artemisia cina 30 CH homeopathic treatment against Haemonchus contortus

The anthelmintic resistance problem is widely recognized in sheep production. Therefore, new methods of control against gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) need to be integrated. The aim of this work was to assess the toxicity of A. cina 30 CH as a homeopathic product against Haemonchus contortus in in vitro and in vivo assays. A. cina 30 CH was obtained from a commercial laboratory, and confirmation of artemisinin as a key ingredient was performed with mass spectrophotometry. The A. cina 30 CH and the artemisinin pure reagent were used for the inhibition of egg hatching (IEH) and for the inhibition of larval migration of H. contortus L3 (ILM). In addition, three groups of 10 naturally infected lambs with GIN were treated with A. cina 30 CH and albendazole, and 10 were used as control. The parasitic infection was monitored at 0, 7, 14 and 28 d postreatment (PT) to determine the number of eggs per gram  (epg) and  FAMACHA index.  The in vitro data  showed 100 %  IEH and 64.7 % ILM by A. cina 30 CH, and nonlethal activity was observed with the artemisinin pure reagent. The toxicity of A. cina 30 CH against H. contortus in infected lambs was observed after 7 d of infection. Administration of the A. cina 30 CH yielded a 69 % reduction in the epg at 28 d PT, similar to the albendazole (P<0.05). In conclusion, A. cina 30 CH had the ability to IEH and ILM of H. contortus in in vitro assays and reduced the number of eggs of H. contortus, which is the primary parasitic nematode in grazing lambs, thereby reducing infection.The anthelmintic resistance problem is widely recognized in sheep production. Therefore, new methods of control against gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) need to be integrated. The aim of this work was to assess the toxicity of A. cina 30 CH as a homeopathic product against Haemonchus contortus in in vitro and in vivo assays. A. cina 30 CH was obtained from a commercial laboratory, and confirmation of artemisinin as a key ingredient was performed with mass spectrophotometry. The A. cina 30 CH and the artemisinin pure reagent were used for the inhibition of egg hatching (IEH) and for the inhibition of larval migration of H. contortus L3 (ILM). In addition, three groups of 10 naturally infected lambs with GIN were treated with A. cina 30 CH and albendazole, and 10 were used as control. The parasitic infection was monitored at 0, 7, 14 and 28 d postreatment (PT) to determine the number of eggs per gram  (epg) and  FAMACHA index.  The in vitro data  showed 100 %  IEH and 64.7 % ILM by A. cina 30 CH, and nonlethal activity was observed with the artemisinin pure reagent. The toxicity of A. cina 30 CH against H. contortus in infected lambs was observed after 7 d of infection. Administration of the A. cina 30 CH yielded a 69 % reduction in the epg at 28 d PT, similar to the albendazole (P<0.05). In conclusion, A. cina 30 CH had the ability to IEH and ILM of H. contortus in in vitro assays and reduced the number of eggs of H. contortus, which is the primary parasitic nematode in grazing lambs, thereby reducing infection

Evidencia de daño hepático producido por la infección experimental de corderos con Taenia hydatigena

Los adultos de Taenia hydatigena se desarrollan en el intestino de perros y sus fases larvarias (metacestodos) se localizan en serosas de cavidad abdominal de rumiantes, equinos y cerdos. La presencia de estos metacestodos es comúnmente considerada de poca relevancia y son escasos los trabajos recientes sobre parámetros parasitológicos o efectos patológicos de estos en los ovinos. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la tasa de infección y el daño hepático en corderos infectados experimentalmente con T. hydatigena. Se inocularon seis corderos Columbia con 250 huevos de T. hydatigena, semanalmente se midieron el número de eosinófilos sanguíneos (ES), niveles séricos de transaminasa glutámico-oxaloacética (TGO) y fosfatasa alcalina (FA). Los corderos fueron eutanizados a los 30 días pos-inoculación para contar el número de metacestodos en cavidad abdominal y torácica, así como buscar lesiones hepáticas. Los corderos mostraron un incremento sostenido de los niveles de ES y FA, que fueron significativos (p&lt;0.05) a partir de la segunda semana pos-infección. La TGO no mostró aumento (p&gt;0.05) durante el experimento. En todos los corderos se observaron metacestodos con distribución variable en omentos e hígado. La tasa de infección promedio fue baja (1.1%). Se observaron en todos los corderos, macroscópicamente lesiones hepáticas multifocales fibrosas de 2-7 mm. Histológicamente se observaron lesiones con fibrosis, edema e infiltrado de eosinófilos, neutrófilos y monocitos. Estos resultados mostraron, que aún con una tasa de infección baja y ausencia de manifestaciones clínicas evidentes, se produjeron lesiones y alteraciones hepáticas. Lo anterior, sugiere daño metabólico que probablemente afecta de forma subclínica la productividad de los corderos