Epigrafia funeraria romana de la provincia de Córdoba

Studies on rural religiosity and specifically on undertake's rituals, are not very frequent. We intent to compile a serie of undertake·s epigraphs from the rural world of the Cordoba's province. This analysis, allow get facts for making considerations about social and economic position of these persons who entrust the epigraphs.Los estudios sobre la religiosidad rural y en concreto sobre los rituales funerarios no son frecuentes. Nosotros hemos intentado recopilar una serie de epígrafes de claro carácter funerario, adscribibles a un ámbito rural y hallados dentro de los límites de la provincia de Córdoba. El análisis de los mismos nos proporciona una serie de datos que permiten adentramos en diversas consideraciones relativas a la condición social y económica de los individuos que los encargaron

Necrópolis y lugares de enterramiento rurales de época romana en la provincia de Córdoba

Las distintas investigaciones que se llevan a cabo sobre la religiosidad rural en época romana manifiestan, en lo que a la provincia de Córdoba se refiere, una carencia fundamental: la necesidad de un estudio del mundo funerario de época romana en esta zona. La mayoría de las referencias con que contamos o bien son orales o bien se limitan a escasos datos bibliográficos. Nosotros, a raíz de las mismas, vamos a intentar reconstruir los rasgos generales del mundo funerario romano en el ámbito rural de nuestra provincia

The shrews (Soricidae, Mammalia) of the Early and Middle Pleistocene of Gran Dolina (Atapuerca, Spain) : reassessing their paleontological record in the Iberian Peninsula

Altres ajuts: CERCA Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya; the authors are members of the group E18_17R: Grupo de Referencia Aragosaurus. Recursos Geológicos y Paleoambientales, funded by the Gobierno de Aragón.Soricids are small mammals with a mainly invertebrate diet. They are generally termed insectivores and are part of the mammalian Order Eulipotyphla. Soricids of the Early-Middle Pleistocene postdating the Jaramillo subchron are poorly known in the Iberian Peninsula, except for Dolinasorex glyphodon, endemic to north Spain, and scattered records of Sorex minutus, Crocidura russula, Crocidura kornfeldi and indeterminate species of Crocidura, Sorex and Neomys. This is mainly due to the scarcity of sites and the fragmentary fossil remains. In contrast, the record of soricids in the rest of Europe during this period is wide: there are sites with up to ten different species in the same stratigraphic level. As Gran Dolina (Atapuerca, Spain) provides one of the best anthropological, archaeological and faunal records of the late-Early (post-Jaramillo) to early-Middle Pleistocene, and as this occurs in an excellent, well-studied stratigraphic sequence documenting terrestrial environments, we here undertake an exhaustive revision of 200 fragmentary mandibles of this group of small mammals. Nine soricid taxa were identified in this archaeo-paleontological site: Sorex minutus, Sorex ex gr. runtonensis-subaraneus, Sorex (Drepanosorex) ex gr. margaritodon-savini, Dolinasorex glyphodon, Asoriculus gibberodon, Neomys cf. newtoni, Neomys cf. fodiens, Neomyni cf. Macroneomys and Crocidura kornfeldi. This is the first record of Neomys cf. newtoni in the Iberian Peninsula, the second specimen of Neomyni cf. Macroneomys, and the youngest record of A. gibberodon worldwide. Some of these taxa exhibit particularities when compared to their counterparts in the rest of the continent, adding to the variability of the species. Relict populations of Asoriculus gibberodon endured in the Iberian Peninsula into post-Jaramillo times, even after they had already disappeared from the rest of Europe

The Mark of the Beast: a bone assemblage assessment from the North of the Iberian Peninsula (MIS 3)

The cave of Abauntz (Navarra, Spain) has had a consistent record of human presence since 50,000 years ago. In this paper, we present the results of the taphonomy and taxonomy analyses made on an assemblage composed of over 3,000 bones found in the unit h of the cave of Abauntz, the earliest level in the cave's stratigraphy with human presence and dated in the MIS 3. Taxonomy assessment described 14 mammal taxa, identified 2,426 remains, and quantified 33 individuals, showing a greater abundance of cave bears (Ursus spelaeus) over any other taxa. The Taphonomic study assessed the skeletal survival ratio, the assemblage spatial distribution, the skeletal elements' breakage pattern, and the toothmarks on the remains. Altogether, the combined results of the analyses allowed inferring that carnivores were the main accumulator agents over human activity. An occupation pattern of the cave is proposed here, with Ursus spelaeus using the cavity during winter as a shelter for hibernation. In contrast, carnivores used it in other seasons mainly for feeding. At some point during MIS 3, neanderthals used it briefly, leaving behind a lithic tools’ assemblage. The results were compared to the faunal assemblages described in younger levels inside the cave, showing a severe decrease in the carnivore’s variety and abundance

Les fossiles de Castor fiber de gruta da Aroeira (Portugal) et l’intéraction entre humains et castors

Here we analyze the fossil remains of Castor fiber from the Middle Pleistocene site of Gruta da Aroeira, in the Almonda karst system, Tagus basin (Torres Novas, Portugal) and discuss the archaeological implications of the presence of beavers in the region. The Almonda karst system has been the backdrop for human evolution in Portugal, because there are different localities, of different ages, from the Middle Pleistocene to the Holocene, with fossil remains of hominins as well as faunal and archaeological remains. Beaver fossils have been found in the archaeological deposits of at least three cavities of the karst system: the Gruta da Aroeira, the Gruta da Oliveira and the Galeria da Cisterna. Here, for the first time, we describe the fossils of Castor fiber from Gruta da Aroeira. The beavers from Aroeira are remarkable because they are the westernmost fossil record of Castor fiber in Europe dated to Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 11, around 420 ka. The aim of the present article is twofold, firstly to study the fossils of beavers from the Aroeira locality, and secondly to discuss the palaeoecological and palaeoenvironmental implications of the presence of this rodent in the Almonda karst sites. This allows us to discuss the hominin-beaver interactions.Ici, nous analysons les fossiles de Castor fiber du site Pléistocène moyen de Gruta da Aroeira, dans le système karstique de Almonda, bassin du Tage (Torres Novas, Portugal), et les implications archéologiques de la présence de castors dans la région. Le karst d'Almonda est un cadre de référence pour l’étude de l'évolution humaine dans la partie occidentale de l'Europe, du Pléistocène moyen à l'Holocène, avec aussi bien des restes d’hominidés fossiles, que de faunes et de vestiges archéologiques. Des fossiles de castors ont été trouvés dans les gisements archéologiques d'au moins trois cavités du système karstique : la Gruta da Aroeira, la Gruta da Oliveira et la Galeria da Cisterna. Ici, pour la première fois, nous décrivons les fossiles de Castor fiber de Gruta da Aroeira. Les castors d'Aroeira sont remarquables car ils sont la trace fossile la plus occidentale de Castor fiber en Europe; ils sont datés du Stade Isotopique Marin (MIS) 11, autour de 420 ka. Le but de cet article est double, d'une part de présenter l'évolution des castors à travers les fossiles d'Aroeira, et d'autre part de discuter des implications paléoécologiques et paléoenvironnementales de la présence de ce rongeur dans le karst d’Almonda. Cela nous permet de discuter des possibles interactions entre humains et castors.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Avian eggshell remains in the human bearing level TD6 of the Gran Dolina site (Early Pleistocene, Atapuerca, Spain)

The site of Gran Dolina (Atapuerca, Spain) has a 19-metre-thick Lower and Middle Pleistocene infilling, divided into eleven levels. This work is focused on the level TD6 (0.8–0.9Ma), consisting of a succession of debris flow and fluvial facies with a high diversity of vertebrates, including Homo antecessor. Here we describe for first time eggshell fragments from Atapuerca, recovered by screen washing of sediments from the excavations. The 22 eggshell fragments recovered are small and poorly preserved, with all material showing signs of abrasion. All eggshells have smooth outer surfaces, densely packed mammillae, and are multi-layered. Thus, they can be identified as avian eggshells. Most fragments were relatively well intact, with no signs of recrystallisation, as evidenced by cathodoluminescence analysis, however the degree of abrasion of the fragments hindered the identification of some ultrastructural characters. Three taxa have been identified: Charadriiformes, Gruidae and Anseriformes (all recorded in the TD6 assemblage by osteological remains). The association supports the presence of water bodies close to the site. The relatively high diversity of ootaxa in the small sample size analysed suggest that a wide range of the nesting species inhabited surrounding areas of Gran Dolina at the moment of accumulation of the TD6 level

Riesgo metabólico y su relación con la ingesta alimentaria y estilos de vida en el personal que labora en el Centro de Salud - Hospital Palora del cantón Palora 2014

La investigación fue observacional de tipo transversal tuvo como objetivo determinar los factores de riesgo metabólico en relación a la ingesta alimentaria y estilos de vida del personal que labora en el Centro de Salud - Hospital Palora, se utilizó una encuesta para identificar características genérales, ingesta alimentaria y estilos de vida. Para la determinación de factores de riesgo metabólico se utilizaron parámetros antropométricos y bioquímicos ; en la tabulación y análisis de variables se aplicó el programa Microsoft Excel 2010, JMP 5,1; Características generales: el 68,5 % son mujeres y el 31,5% son hombres; al realizar el análisis de cluster se obtuvo tres grupos de los cuales el grupo 1 y 3 mostraron un IMC entre 28,9 y 45Kg/m2 , ICC entre 0,94 y 1,15 cm, colesterol total entre 212 y 287 gr/dl, triglicéridos entre 129 y 217 mg/dl, colesterol HDL entre 48 y 52 mg/dl, colesterol LDL entre 77 y 82,5mg/dl, todos estos valores conjuntamente con el consumo elevado de los distintos grupos de alimentos consumidos de forma diaria determinaron riesgo metabólico ; estilos de vida: el 13% de la población ingirió tabaco y el 7,4% ingiere alcohol, el 22,2% son activos y el 77,8% son sedentarios. En conclusión el elevado consumo de carbohidratos simples y estilos de vida inadecuados incrementan el riesgo metabólico por lo que se recomienda promover actividades deportivas y recreativas entre los trabajadores, como complemento a su salud mental y nutricional.This was an observational and transversal research, and its purpose was to determine the metabolic risk factors related to food intake and life style of personnel who work at Palora Hospital Health Center. A survey was applied to identify the general characteristics, food intake and life style. For determining the metabolic risk factors, it was necessary to use biochemical and anthropometric factors; Microsoft Excel 2010, JMP 5, 1 software were used for the tabulation and variable analysis, and the general characteristics are: women 68.5% and men 31.5%; when making cluster analysis three groups were obtained, group 1 and 3 showed a body mass index between 28,9 and 45 kg/m2 , hip waist index between 0.94 and 1.15 cm, total cholesterol between 212 and 287 gr/dl, triglyceride between 129 and 217 mg/dl, HDL cholesterol between 48 and 52 mg/dl, LDL cholesterol between 77 and 82.5 mg/dl, all these values along with the high consumption of daily meals determined the metabolic risk, life style; 13% of population smoked tobacco, and 7.4% drink alcohol, 22.2% are active people and 77.8% are sedentary. It is concluded that the heavy consumption of simple carbohydrate and the inadequate life style increase the metabolic risk, thus it is recommended to promote sports and recreational activities among workers as a complement for their nutritional and mental health

Evaluación económica a los beneficiarios de la concesión de créditos agrícolas de la Cooperativa Sol de los Andes, año 2017.

El objetivo fue evaluar a los socios que accedieron a los créditos agrícolas en la Cooperativa de Ahorro y Crédito Sol de los Andes en el año 2017, para conocer el impacto económico causado. La evaluación económica a los beneficiarios de la concesión de créditos agrícolas de la Cooperativa de Ahorro y Crédito Sol de los Andes en el año 2017, se realizó a 76 beneficiarios de una población de 1350 beneficiarios que accedieron a créditos agrícolas, quienes a través de una encuesta proporcionaron información que fue procesada utilizando el estadístico Chi cuadrado en el Microsoft Excel y el Software IBM SPSS versión 21, determinándose que el mayor porcentaje de beneficiarios que accedieron a los créditos corresponden al género femenino, el nivel de instrucción de educación en su mayoría es primaria, los créditos otorgados mediante garantía personal corresponden al 46% y fueron montos entre USD 500 y USD 5000. Todos los beneficiarios realizan actividades agrícolas y consideran que esta actividad proporciona mayores ingresos económicos. Los productos más cultivados son el maíz con el (42%) seguido de la papa con el (30%). Se concluye que los créditos agrícolas otorgados por la Cooperativa Sol de los Andes mejoraron los ingresos de los beneficiarios en un 12%, luego de obtener sus créditos, aportando en la generación de empleo y contratación de personal. Finalmente, se realizó una propuesta acogiendo la sugerencia de los beneficiarios, donde se busca mejorar la agilidad en el proceso para la entrega de los créditos y la disminución en cuanto a documentación solicitada.The objective was to evaluate the members who accessed agricultural credits at the Sol de los Andes Savings and Credit Cooperative in 2017, in order to know the economic impact caused. The economic evaluation to the beneficiaries of the granting of agricultural credits of the Sol de los Andes Savings and Credit Cooperative in the year 2017, was carried out to 76 beneficiaries out of a population of 1350 beneficiaries who accessed agricultural credits, who through a survey provided information that was processed using the Chi-square statistic in Microsoft Excel and IBM SPSS Software version 21. It was determined that the highest percentage of beneficiaries who accessed the credits are female, the level of education is mostly primary, the credits granted through personal guarantee correspond to 46% and the amounts were between USD 500 and USD 5000. All of the beneficiaries carry out agricultural activities and consider that this activity provides higher income. The most cultivated products are corn (42%) followed by potatoes (30%). It is concluded that the agricultural credits granted by the Sol de los Andes Cooperative improved the income of the beneficiaries by 12%, after obtaining their credits, contributing to the generation of employment and hiring of personnel. Finally, a proposal was made in response to the beneficiaries' suggestions, seeking to improve the agility of the loan delivery process and reduce the amount of documentation required

BIRDS FROM SIMA DEL ELEFANTE, ATAPUERCA, SPAIN: PALAEOECOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS IN THE OLDEST HUMAN BEARING LEVELS OF THE IBERIAN PENINSULA

Palaeoenvironmental reconstruction of early Pleistocene sites has a particular interest as it sheds light on how the arriving of the first Europeans occurred, as well as on the nature of the relation between these humans and the ecosystems. Bird remains are useful tools for this purpose, because they are commonly represented in the assemblages and most taxa still exist, allowing a direct comparison between past and extant birds associations. Here we analyse the bird remains from the early Pleistocene levels of the Sima del Elefante site (1.1 to 1.5 million years old). Almost 10.000 remains belonging to at least 26 different taxa have been included. The assemblage is dominated by corvids and has a mixed origin, with cave-dwelling taxa dying in the cave and other taxa being accumulated by predators. The Sima del Elefante avian assemblage provides the oldest record of several taxa in the Iberian Peninsula (Haliaeetus albicilla, Corvus pliocaenus). Besides, here we report the oldest evidence of Imperial Eagle in the Iberian Peninsula, prior to the separation of the oriental and Iberian populations. The assemblage composition suggests that open environmental conditions were dominant, with minor presence of woodlands and water bodies, which is congruent with some previous approaches by other proxies. The first humans occupying the Iberian Peninsula inhabited under Mediterranean climate conditions, which gradually deteriorated, as reflected by the avian turnover recorded at the middle Pleistocene Atapuerca assemblages