Fischschäden in Wasserkraftturbinen bewerten und begrenzen

Aufsatz veröffentlicht in: "Wasserbau-Symposium 2021: Wasserbau in Zeiten von Energiewende, Gewässerschutz und Klimawandel, Zurich, Switzerland, September 15-17, 2021, Band 2" veröffentlicht unter: https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-b-00049975

Developing a benchmark model for renovated, nearly zero-energy, terraced dwellings

Brussels is one of the European cities with the most significant number of Passive House buildings on the continent. In the Brussels-Capital Region, the nearly zero-energy building obligations implemented is implemented since 2010. The Brussels-Capital Region has set up ambitious energy standards for new constructions. These standards target ’nearly zero’ or ’very low energy consumption and are inspired by the ’passive house standard,’ where high-energy performance is first achieved. Ten years after boasting this groundbreaking policy, many renovated, terraced houses are renovated to comply with the nearly zero-energy building requirements. Therefore, this study aims to develop an energy performance data set and one building performance simulation benchmark model for nearly zero-energy dwellings in Brussels. The study reports an inventory and field survey conducted on a terraced house renovated after the year 2010. An analysis of energy consumption (electricity and natural gas) and a walkthrough survey were conducted. A building performance simulation model is created in EnergyPlus to benchmark the average energy consumption and building characteristics. The estimate’s validity has been further checked against the public statistics and verified through model calibration and utility bill comparison. The benchmark has an average energy use intensity of 29 kWh/m2/year and represents terraced single-family houses after renovation. The paper provides a timely opportunity to evaluate the actual performance of nearly zero-energy terraced houses. The findings on energy needs and use intensity are useful in temperate and continental climates.OCCuPANt, on the Impacts Of Climate Change on the indoor environmental and energy PerformAnce of buildiNgs in Belgium during summe

Comparison of Thermal Energy Saving Potential and Overheating Risk of Four Adaptive Façade Technologies in Office Buildings

peer reviewedAdaptive façades are gaining greater importance in highly efficient buildings under a warming climate. There is an increasing demand for adaptive façades designed to regulate solar and thermal gains/losses, as well as avoid discomfort and glare issues. Occupants and developers of office buildings ask for a healthy and energy-neutral working environment. Adaptive façades are appropriate dynamic solutions controlled automatically or through occupant interaction. However, relatively few studies compared their energy and overheating risk performance, and there is still a vast knowledge gap on occupant behavior in operation. Therefore, we chose to study four dynamic envelopes representing four different façade families: dynamic shading, electrochromic glazing, double-skin, and active ventilative façades. Three control strategies were chosen to study the dynamic aspect of solar control, operative temperature, and glare control. Simulations were realized with EnergyPlus on the BESTEST case 600 from the ASHRAE standard 140/2020 for the temperate climate of Brussels. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to study the most influential parameters. The study findings indicate that dynamic shading devices and electrochromic glazing have a remarkable influence on the annual thermal energy demand, decreasing the total annual loads that can reach 30%. On the other hand, BIPV double-skin façades and active ventilative façades (cavity façades) could be more appropriate for cold climates. The study ranks the four façade technologies and provides novel insights for façade designers and building owners regarding the annual energy performance and overheating risk.11. Sustainable cities and communitie

Belgium

In the context of the European carbon neutrality targets, building benchmarks are a key issue for the renovation of existing buildings. Although there are various benchmark methods for energy efficiency characterization, their application to the residential sector is still limited. This paper developed two building simulation models for post-world war II houses in Belgium based on data from post-occupancy measurements and field survey campaigns. The study reports the energy characteristics and occupancy profiled of detached single-family houses. An analysis of energy consumption (electricity and natural gas) and a walkthrough survey were conducted between 2016 and 2019. The benchmark model’s validity has been further checked against public statistics and verified through model calibration and monthly energy bill comparison. Two reference models representing 633.702 post-WWII single-family houses in Belgium were created and validated. The first archetype has an average energy use intensity of 166 kWh/m2 /year and represents detached single-family houses built between 1945 and 1969. The second archetype has an average energy use intensity of 155 kWh/m2 /year and represents detached single-family houses built between 1970 and 1990. The paper provides a timely opportunity to evaluate the real performance of post-world war II most common archetypes concerning design assumptions and how building professionals can turn the energy performance gap challenge to their advantage. The findings on energy needs and intensity are useful for creating future renovation scenarios for similar archetypes in Western European countries.OCCuPANt, on the Impacts Of Climate Change on the indoor environmental and energy PerformAnce of buildiNgs in Belgium during summe

Early bacterial identification among intubated patients with COVID-19 or influenza pneumonia:A European Multicenter Comparative Cohort Study

Rationale: Early empirical antimicrobial treatment is frequently prescribed to critically ill patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) based on Surviving Sepsis Campaign guidelines. Objectives: We aimed to determine the prevalence of early bacterial identification in intubated patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pneumonia, as compared with influenza pneumonia, and to characterize its microbiology and impact on outcomes. Methods: A multicenter retrospective European cohort was performed in 36 ICUs. All adult patients receiving invasive mechanical ventilation &gt; 48 hours were eligible if they had SARS-CoV-2 or influenza pneumonia at ICU admission. Bacterial identification was defined by a positive bacterial culture within 48 hours after intubation in endotracheal aspirates, BAL, blood cultures, or a positive pneumococcal or legionella urinary antigen test. Measurements and Main Results: A total of 1,050 patients were included (568 in SARS-CoV-2 and 482 in influenza groups). The prevalence of bacterial identification was significantly lower in patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia compared with patients with influenza pneumonia (9.7 vs. 33.6%; unadjusted odds ratio, 0.21; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.15-0.30; adjusted odds ratio, 0.23; 95% CI, 0.16-0.33; P,0.0001). Gram-positive cocci were responsible for 58% and 72% of coinfection in patients with SARS-CoV-2 and influenza pneumonia, respectively. Bacterial identification was associated with increased adjusted hazard ratio for 28-day mortality in patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia (1.57; 95% CI, 1.01-2.44; P =0.043). However, no significant difference was found in the heterogeneity of outcomes related to bacterial identification between the two study groups, suggesting that the impact of coinfection on mortality was not different between patients with SARS-CoV-2 and influenza. Conclusions: Bacterial identification within 48 hours after intubation is significantly less frequent in patients with SARSCoV-2 pneumonia than patients with influenza pneumonia.</p

Fischschutz und Fischabstieg am Wasserkraftwerkseinlauf

Fish experiments with potamodromous species were conducted in the laboratory of Hydraulic and Water Resources Engineering (VAO) of Technische Universität München (TUM) to investigate the fish behavior at the intake screen of innovative hydro power plant (HPP) concepts. The objective was to improve the knowledge concerning the fish protection at the turbine intake and the fish guidance to a downstream passage facility. The experiences were conducted for 24 hours at the scale one-to-one in an open air experimental channel supplied with water from the Isar River.An der Versuchsanstalt Obernach (VAO) des Lehrstuhls für Wasserbau und Wasserwirtschaft der Technische Universität München (TUM) wurden Fischversuche mit potamodromen Arten durchgeführt, um das Fischverhalten am Einlauf von innovativen Wasserkraftwerkskonzepten zu untersuchen. Das Ziel war den Fischschutz amWasserkraftwerkseinlauf und die Führung der Fische zur Fischabstiegspassage zu verbessern. Die jeweils 24-stündigen Versuche wurden in einem mit Isar Wasser gespeisten Kanal auf dem Freigelände der VAO im Maßstab 1:1 durchgeführt