Ingesta de contaminantes -metales pesados- y nutrientes potencialmente tóxicos vía dieta total en Andalucía, Galicia, Madrid y Valencia

Tesis de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Farmacia, Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología I (Nutrición), leída el 19-12-1995El objeto de este trabajo fue conocer la ingesta media de algunos metales pesados (plomo, mercurio y cadmio) y de otros elementos, nutrientes, potencialmente tóxicos (hierro, cobre, zinc, molibdeno, manganeso, calcio, magnesio, niquel) vehiculizada por las dietas habituales de cuatro comunidades autonomas (ccaa) seleccionadas: Valencia -menor consumo energético-, Madrid -zona muy urbana-, Galicia -mayor consumo energético- y Andalucia -mayor número de población-.Las ingestas de los metales específicamente contaminantes via dieta total, se han comparado con las ingestas diarias aceptables (adi) o bien con la dosis de referencia o las llamadas zonas de seguridad marcadas por diferentes organizaciones. Las ingestas de nutrientes esenciales se han comparado con sus ingestas recomendadas. Se valoró también la adecuación y la toxicidad de las ingestas de selenio y arsenico obtenidas mediante una base de datos vía dieta total. La ingesta de cantidades superiores a las ingestas aceptables parece estar determinado por el tipo de alimentos consumidos en las diferentes ccaa. En el caso de aquellos elementos que exceden las adi, la ingesta parecio estar determinada por su carga en los alimentos que en ese momento conformaron el grupoDepto. de Nutrición y Ciencia de los AlimentosFac. de FarmaciaTRUEpu

Implementación y valoración de un curso piloto de formación permanente en Nutrición y Dietética para profesionales de Gastronomía

Depto. de Nutrición y Ciencia de los AlimentosFac. de FarmaciaFALSEsubmitte

Propuesta de mejora de la asignatura TFG del Grado en Nutrición Humana y Diétetica. Implantación de la prueba ECOE

Depto. de Farmacología y ToxicologíaFac. de MedicinaFALSEsubmitte

Ingesta de contaminantes -metales pesados- y nutrientes potencialmente tóxicos vía dieta total en Andalucía, Galicia, Madrid y Valencia

El objeto de este trabajo fue conocer la ingesta media de algunos metales pesados (plomo, mercurio y cadmio) y de otros elementos, nutrientes, potencialmente tóxicos (hierro, cobre, zinc, molibdeno, manganeso, calcio, magnesio, niquel) vehiculizada por las dietas habituales de cuatro comunidades autonomas (ccaa) seleccionadas: Valencia -menor consumo energético-, Madrid -zona muy urbana-, Galicia -mayor consumo energético- y Andalucia -mayor número de población-.Las ingestas de los metales específicamente contaminantes via dieta total, se han comparado con las ingestas diarias aceptables (adi) o bien con la dosis de referencia o las llamadas zonas de seguridad marcadas por diferentes organizaciones. Las ingestas de nutrientes esenciales se han comparado con sus ingestas recomendadas. Se valoró también la adecuación y la toxicidad de las ingestas de selenio y arsenico obtenidas mediante una base de datos vía dieta total. La ingesta de cantidades superiores a las ingestas aceptables parece estar determinado por el tipo de alimentos consumidos en las diferentes ccaa. En el caso de aquellos elementos que exceden las adi, la ingesta parecio estar determinada por su carga en los alimentos que en ese momento conformaron el grup

Determination of B-N-oxalyl-L-a, B-diaminopropionic acid and homoarginine in Lathyrus sativus and Lathyrus cicera by capillary zone electrophoresis

BACKGROUND: Lathyrus species as legumes represent an alternative protein source for human and animal nutrition. Heavy consumption of these species can lead to lathyrism, caused by the non-protein amino acid B-N-oxalyl-L-a, B-diaminopropionic acid (B-ODAP). Currently, there is no well-defined level below which B-ODAP is considered non-toxic. In this work, the B-ODAP content was determined in L. sativus and L. cicera samples to assess their potential toxicity. Homoarginine is another non-protein amino acid found in Lathyrus spp. with interesting implications for human and animal nutrition. RESULTS: The level of B-ODAP found in these two species ranged from 0.79 to 5.05 mg g−1. The homoarginine content of the samples ranged from 7.49 to 12.44 mg g−1. CONCLUSION: This paper describes an accurate, fast and sensitive method of simultaneous detection and quantification of B-ODAP and homoarginine by capillary zone electrophoresis in L. cicera and L. sativus seeds. Moreover, several methods of extraction were compared to determine the highest performance

Evaluation of locked nucleic acid and TaqMan probes for specific detection of cashew nut in processed food by real time PCR

Cashew (Anacardium occidentale) nut can trigger serious reactions in allergic patients, including anaphylaxis and death. Labelling the presence of cashew nuts in food products is mandatory and consequently, sensitive and specific analytical methods must be developed. In this study, Ana o allergen coding sequences have been sequenced in several cashew varieties. Two hydrolysis probes, locked nucleic acid (LNA) and TaqMan, have been designed and their efficiency, sensitivity, limit of detection and specificity for Ana o 1 coding-sequence detection have been compared. Reliable Real Time PCR assays to detect and quantify up to 10 ppm of cashew nuts in complex mixtures have been developed. Moreover, the influence of boiling and autoclave treatment on cashew nut detectability has been analysed by qPCR, showing both probes similar performance. This analytical method was able to detect up to 1000 ppm with good functionality in autoclave treated samples. Boiling did not affect cashew nut detectability. Both hydrolysis probes are suitable for Ana o 1 coding sequence detection. Applicability of the assay has been studied by analysing several food products, and comparing the results with those of a commercial ELISA kit

Influence of enzymatic hydrolysis on the allergenic reactivity of processed cashew and pistachio

Cashew and pistachio allergies are considered a serious health problem. Previous studies have shown that thermal processing, pressurization and enzymatic hydrolysis may reduce the allergenic properties of food by changing the protein structure. This study assesses the allergenic properties of cashew and pistachio after thermal treatment (boiling and autoclaving), with or without pressure (autoclaving), and multiple enzymatic treatments under sonication, by SDS-PAGE, western blot and ELISA, with serum IgE of allergic individuals, and mass spectroscopy. Autoclaving and enzymatic hydrolysis under sonication separately induced a measurable reduction in the IgE binding properties of pastes made from treated cashew and pistachio nuts. These treatments were more effective with pistachio allergens. However, heat combined with enzymatic digestion was necessary to markedly lower IgE binding to cashew allergens. The findings identify highly effective simultaneous processing conditions to reduce or even abolish the allergenic potency of cashew and pistachio

Thermal processing effects on the IgE-reactivity of cashew and pistachio

Thermal processing can modify the structure and function of food proteins and may alter their allergenicity. This work aimed to elucidate the influence of moist thermal treatments on the IgE-reactivity of cashew and pistachio. IgE-western blot and IgE-ELISA were complemented by Skin Prick Testing (SPT) and mediator release assay to determine the IgE cross-linking capability of treated and untreated samples. Moist thermal processing diminished the IgE-binding properties of both nuts, especially after heat/pressure treatment. The wheal size in SPT was importantly reduced after application of thermally-treated samples. For cashew, heat/pressure treatedsamples still retain some capacity to cross-link IgE and degranulate basophils, however, this capacity was diminished when compared with untreated cashew. For pistachio, the degranulation of basophils after challenge with the harshest heat/pressure treatment was highly decreased. Boiling produced more variable results, however this treatment applied to both nuts for 60 min, led to an important decrease of basophil degranulation

Design of a transverse optative subject in "care in health", based on learning-service (ApS): teaching strategy based on experience and social responsibility

El Proyecto de Innovación pretende desarrollar una asignatura piloto de aplicación transversal, basada en metodología Aprendizaje-Servicio, buscando el compromiso y motivación del aprendizaje universitario con una perspectiva social. Se persigue que la asignatura ayude a los estudiantes a valorar la utilidad que para la calidad de vida de la sociedad, tienen los conocimientos aprendidos, abordando nuevos desafíos y promoviendo el desarrollo de una conciencia y compromiso social.The Innovation Project aims to develop a pilot subject of transversal application, based on the Learning-Service methodology, seeking the commitment and motivation of university learning with a social perspective. The aim is to help students assess the usefulness of the knowledge learned for the quality of life of society, addressing new challenges and promoting the development of social awareness and commitment.Depto. de EnfermeríaFac. de Enfermería, Fisioterapia y PodologíaFALSEsubmitte