14,537 research outputs found
Vortex Softening: Origin of the second peak effect in BiSrCaCuO
Transverse ac permeability measurements in BiSrCaCuO single crystals at low fields and temperatures in a vortex configuration
free of external forces show that the decrease of the critical current as
measured by magnetization loops at the second peak effect is an artifact due to
creep. On the other hand, the increase of critical current at the second peak
is due to a genuine softening of the tilting elastic properties of vortices in
the individual pinning regime that precedes the transition to a disorder state.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figures, RevTex, two column versio
Electron and Phonon Thermal Waves in Semiconductors: an Application to Photothermal Effects
The electron and phonon temperature distribution function are calculated in
semiconductors. We solved the coupled one-dimensional heat-diffussion equations
in the linear approximation in which the physical parameters on the sample are
independent of the temperature. We also consider the heat flux at the surface
of the semiconductor as a boundary condition for each electron and phonon
systems instead of using a fixed temperature. From this, we obtain an
expression for electron and phonon temperature respectively. The
characterization of the thermal waves properties is duscussed and some
practical procedures for this purpose provide us information about the electron
and phonon thermal parameters.Comment: 12 pages, amstex and amssymb macro package (LaTeX2e edition
Phase Coherence Effects in the Vortex Transport Entropy
Nernst and electrical resistivity measurements in superconducting YBCO and
BSCCO with and without columnar defects show a distinctive thermodynamics of
the respective liquid vortex matter. At a field dependent high temperature
region in the phase diagram the Nernst signal is independent of structural
defects in both materials. At lower temperatures, in YBCO, defects contribute
only to the vortex mobility and the transport entropy is that of a system of
vortex lines. The transition to lower temperatures in BSCCO has a different
origin, the maximum in the Nernst signal when decreasing temperature is not
associated with transport properties but with the entropy behavior of pancake
vortices in the presence of structural defects.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures. Accepted for publication in Physical Review
Letter
Opposite polarity field with convective downflow and its relation to magnetic spines in a sunspot penumbra
We discuss NICOLE inversions of Fe I 630.15 nm and 630.25 nm Stokes spectra
from a sunspot penumbra recorded with the CRISP imaging spectropolarimeter on
the Swedish 1-m Solar Telescope at a spatial resolution close to 0.15". We
report on narrow radially extended lanes of opposite polarity field, located at
the boundaries between areas of relatively horizontal magnetic field (the
intra-spines) and much more vertical field (the spines). These lanes harbor
convective downflows of about 1 km/s. The locations of these downflows close to
the spines agree with predictions from the convective gap model (the "gappy
penumbra") proposed six years ago, and more recent 3D MHD simulations. We also
confirm the existence of strong convective flows throughout the entire
penumbra, showing the expected correlation between temperature and vertical
velocity, and having vertical RMS velocities of about 1.2 km/s.Comment: Accepted for publication in A&A (06-March-2013). Minor corrections
made in this version
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