Improved forest classification in the northern Lake States using multi-temporal Landsat imagery

Forest classifications using single date Landsat data have been only moderately successful in separating forest cover types in the northern Lake States region. Few regional forest classifications have been presented that achieve genus or species level accuracy. We developed a more specific forest cover classification using data from early summer in conjunction with four MSS dates to capture phenological changes of different tree species. Among the 22 forest types classified, multi-temporal image analysis aided in separating 13 types. Of greatest significance, trembling aspen, sugar maple, northern red oak, northern pin oak, black ash, and tamarack were successfully classified. The overall classification accuracy was s83.2 percent and the forest classification accuracy was 80.1 percent. This approach may be useful for broad-scale forest cover monitoring in other areas, particularly where ancillary data layers are not available

The dopamine D3 receptor gene: no association with bipolar affective disorder.

Bipolar affective disorder and schizophrenia share many clinical and genetic characteristics, and are thought by some to be different expressions of the same underlying disorder. A recent study showed an excess of homozygosity at a BalI polymorphism in the dopamine D3 receptor gene in schizophrenic patients compared with controls, from two independent centres. We have found no evidence of such an excess in a comparable sample of patients with bipolar affective disorder compared with matched controls. If these findings are confirmed then at least one genetic distinction between these two disorders will have been ascertained and doubt cast upon theories of a common genetic aetiology