Principles for Fair & Equitable Federal Infrastructure Investments

This infographic shows NI's principles for ensuring fair and equitable federal infrastructure investments, including investments that benefit low-income communities, communities of color, and individuals facing barriers to employment.

Taxation and Public Finance in South Dakota

Of the many problems that confront the American people at the present time, few are entitled to and are receiving as much consideration and study as that of taxation and public finance. The proper financing of local and state government is an important and serious problem which directly affects the prosperity and happiness of all citizens. Taxation has always been a live question. Taxes represent expenditures for group purposes rather than for the private purposes of the specific individuals paying them. Therefore, the benefits and services secured through them are not as directly recognizable as are the benefits or services secured by private expenditure. Neither is it as easy for the individual to determine the merits of any given public expenditure as it is for him to decide whether a private purchase or payment will warrant his making the necessary expenditure for it

Drug-related activity in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland between 1900 and 1922: what evidence can be found through systematic searches of the Times digital achive.

Much has been written about drug-taking during the nineteenth century, particularly in relation to opium. However, the early twentieth century has received considerably less attention, despite being a crucial period in the history of drug-taking within Britain. During 1916, the Defence of the Realm Act Regulation 40b made it an offence to supply or to possess particular drugs without authorisation. This was a fundamental shift in government thinking that presaged the modern era in which the legal status of particular drugs continues to be an issue of public debate. Previous research focused on changes in the law and analysed the relationships between key individuals and influential groups with an interest in drug control. In part, this reflects the significance of the decision to alter the law but also the lack of available evidence concerning drug-takers of the era. This study seeks to address this gap in understanding and develops a new perspective on drug-taking, that of the participants. The study developed an innovative and, at times, speculative approach to tracing drug-takers of that era. This led to the use of articles from The Times identified from systematic searches of The Times Digital Archive. These articles by their nature were mediated accounts of drug-related activity but no other source could offer such a range of drug-takers over the selected time period (1900-1922). Furthermore, the large number of articles identified meant that it was easier to detect press influences and take these into account when analysing their content. The wealth of information that emerged from the articles was beyond initial expectations and led to an additional piece of analysis concerning the geographical spread of drug-taking activity within the period. Although the evidence did not allow the development of many in-depth accounts as had been the intention at the outset, it did provide insight to particular aspects of drug-taking activity. For example, the collated information regarding female participants suggested specific behavioural traits that possibly made female consumers harder to detect compared to their male counterparts. Drug-taking among military personnel and the operation of supply networks were other aspects illuminated by the articles. An association emerged between military conflicts and increased drug-taking by military personnel. It indicated, too, that periods of conflict could have implications for domestic prevalence from the cessation of hostilities. Geographical analysis illuminated the supply networks both in terms of drug procurement and relationships between drug-takers within their areas of settlement. Furthermore, some of the areas associated with drug-taking during the early twentieth century remain linked to drugs in the present day raising questions about how and why specific areas might become drug hot-spots. Further research arising from this thesis would involve the replication of the method during the later period, 1923 to 1950. This period would allow the female narrative of drug-related activity begun by this thesis to be developed further and to establish whether the First World War was a unique period for female participation or whether their participation evolved. Similarly, considering the articles from this later period could help illuminate further the subsequent spread and operation of supply networks. Replicating the method would also test whether it is transferable to other periods or whether changes to reporting style made the method era specific

Burden in spousal caregivers: A correlational study of the effect and interaction of stressors, vulnerability, psychological resources and social supports on the development of burden in spousal caregivers of the chronically ill

This study investigated burden in a convenience, nonrandom sample of 120 spousal caregivers of cardiac patients, who resided at home in the Richmond, VA area, had health insurance, and received medical care from private providers. Using Vitaliano\u27s theory that burden is a function of stressors and personal vulnerability moderated by psychological resources and social supports, the study examined the relationships between those five constructs.;Burden was measured by the Brief Symptom Inventory and Montgomery\u27s Scales of Objective and Subjective Burden. The Hassles and Uplifts Scales was used to measure stressors; demographic data and the Self control, Responsibility, Socialization, Psychological Mindedness, Tolerance, Flexibility, Self acceptance, and Achievement via conformance scales of the CPI, to measure personal vulnerability; the Ways of Coping Questionnaire, psychological resources; Vaux\u27s SS-B, the availability of social supports; and ORIENT, the willingness to utilize social supports.;Four research hypotheses based on Vitaliano\u27s theory were investigated. Although the data conclusively supported only one, i.e., that low vulnerability scores would have positive correlations with high scores on social support, they did appear to support a multicausal explanation for the development of burden. Variables within each of the constructs had practical and statistical significance in correlation with the burden variables. Significant relationships existed between the three burden measures and certain variables: the appraised severity of the stressors; age, education, and income; the personality traits of responsibility, self-acceptance, flexibility, self control and psychological mindedness, as measured by those CPI scales; the use of escape/avoidance and/or planful problem solving as coping styles; the availability of social supports; and the willingness to use those supports. Personal vulnerability also had a significant relationship with how stressed individuals used their social supports. The data suggested that the three types of burden were affected differently by the variables. One unexpected finding was that frequency of hassles had a weak, but significant, negative relationship with burden. Despite that finding, it was concluded that the biopsychosocial model offered a valid explanation for the development of burden

Nanoparticulate Carriers for Drug Delivery

Drug delivery with nanoparticulate carriers is a new and upcoming research area that is making major changes within the pharmaceutical industry. Nanoparticulate carriers are discussed, particularly, engineered nanoparticulate carriers used as drug delivery systems for targeted delivery. Nanoparticulate carriers that are used for drug delivery systems include polymers, micelles, dendrimers, liposomes, ceramics, metals, and various forms of biological materials. The properties of these nanoparticulate carriers are very advantageous for targeted drug delivery and result in efficient drug accumulation at the targeted area of interest, reduced drug toxicity, reduced systemic side effects, and more efficient use of the drug overall. Nanoparticlulate carriers are effective in passing various biological impediments and have a relatively high cellular uptake compared to that of microparticulate carriers, which allows for the drug agent to reach a targeted cell or tissue. The use of nanoparticulate carriers for drug delivery results in a prolonged and sustained release of the drug which ultimately reduces the cost and amount of doses that need to be administered to the patient. Currently, there is extensive research of nanoparticles as drug delivery carriers for challenging disease treatment cases such as cancer, HIV, and diabetes

Visual, Verbal, and Tactile Cues on Improving Gait in a 71-Year Old Male with Dementia of the Lewy Bodies

The purpose of the case report is to demonstrate how visual, verbal, and tactile cues can improve gait in a patient with DLB.https://soar.usa.edu/flsaspring2017/1018/thumbnail.jp

The Seboomook Lake Area became ice free; but how?

New England Intercollegiate Geological Conference Guidebook for field trips in The Greenville - Millinocket Regions, North Central Maine, October 7-9, 1983: Trip C-